Reflexive Pronouns

Oddiy qilib aytganda

O‘zlik olmoshi — ish oynadagidek o‘ziga qaytganda ishlatiladi. Ya’ni ishni qiluvchi va ish qaratilgan odam — bir kishi.

O‘zbekchada bu o‘zim, o‘zimni, o‘zimga, o‘zing, o‘zini so‘zlariga to‘g‘ri keladi: “O‘zimni kesib oldim”, “U o‘ziga qaradi”. Inglizchada esa olmoshga -self (birlik) yoki -selves (ko‘plik) qo‘shiladi: myself, herself, themselves.

• I cut myself.O‘zimni kesib oldim. (men kesdim — men kesildim)
• She looked at herself in the mirror.U oynada o‘ziga qaradi.

Bu olmosh ikkinchi vazifani ham bajaradi — urg‘u: I did it myself — “Buni aynan o‘zim qildim, hech kim yordam bermadi.”

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. O‘zlik olmoshlari va ularning shakllari.
2. Birinchi vazifa: ish o‘ziga qaytganda.
3. Ikkinchi vazifa: urg‘u berish.
4. by myself — yolg‘iz, yordamsiz.
5. each other — bir-birini.
6. Qachon o‘zlik olmoshi kerak emas va eng ko‘p xatolar.

Shakllar haqida

• Birlikda -self: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself;
• Ko‘plikda -selves: ourselves, yourselves, themselves.

you ikki shaklga ega: bitta odamga — yourself, ko‘p odamga — yourselves.

• Did you hurt yourself, Ali?O‘zingizni og‘ritdingizmi, Ali? (bitta odam)
• Children, enjoy yourselves!Bolalar, maza qilinglar! (ko‘p odam)

Imlo tuzog‘i: hisself, theirselves, ourself — bunday so‘zlar yo‘q. To‘g‘ri: himself, themselves, ourselves.

1-vazifa: ish o‘ziga qaytadi

Ish qiluvchi ishni o‘ziga qaratadi — ega va to‘ldiruvchi bir kishi.

• I cut myself.O‘zimni kesib oldim.
• She taught herself English.U ingliz tilini o‘zi o‘rgandi.
• He looked at himself in the mirror.U oynada o‘ziga qaradi.
• We introduced ourselves.Biz o‘zimizni tanishtirdik.
• They blamed themselves for the accident.Ular avariya uchun o‘zlarini aybladilar.
• The cat is washing itself.Mushuk o‘zini yuvyapti.
• Be careful! Don’t burn yourself.Ehtiyot bo‘ling! O‘zingizni kuydirmang.

Oddiy olmosh yoki o‘zlik olmoshi?

Bu muhim farq. Ma’no butunlay o‘zgaradi.

• He looked at himself.U o‘ziga qaradi. (bir kishi)
• He looked at him.U unga qaradi. (boshqa odamga)
• She hurt herself.U o‘zini og‘ritdi.
• She hurt her.U uni (boshqa ayolni) og‘ritdi.

2-vazifa: urg‘u

O‘zlik olmoshi “aynan o‘zi, boshqa hech kim emas” degan ma’noni berish uchun ham ishlatiladi. Bu holda u tushib qolsa ham gap to‘g‘ri bo‘ladi — faqat urg‘u yo‘qoladi.

• I fixed the car myself.Mashinani o‘zim tuzatdim. (ustaga bermadim)
• She made this cake herself.Bu tortni u o‘zi pishirdi. (do‘kondan olmadi)
• The president himself came to the opening.Ochilishga prezidentning o‘zi keldi.
• I myself don’t believe it.Men o‘zim bunga ishonmayman.
• The town itself is small, but it’s famous.Shaharning o‘zi kichik, lekin u mashhur.

Urg‘u uchun o‘zlik olmoshi gap oxirida yoki urg‘u berilayotgan so‘zdan keyin keladi.

by + o‘zlik olmoshi

by myself, by yourself, by himself — “yolg‘iz” yoki “hech kimning yordamisiz”.

• I live by myself.Men yolg‘iz yashayman.
• She went to the cinema by herself.U kinoga yolg‘iz bordi.
• Can you do it by yourself?Buni o‘zingiz (yordamsiz) qila olasizmi?
• The child walked by himself for the first time.Bola birinchi marta o‘zi yurdi.

by myself = on my own = alone.

• I did it myself.Buni o‘zim qildim. (urg‘u)
• I did it by myself.Buni yolg‘iz o‘zim qildim. (hech kim yordam bermadi)

each other — bir-birini

each other (yoki one another) — “bir-birini, bir-biriga”. Bu o‘zlik olmoshi emas, lekin ko‘pincha u bilan chalkashtiriladi.

• They love each other.Ular bir-birini sevadi.
• We help each other.Biz bir-birimizga yordam beramiz.
• They looked at themselves in the mirror.Ular oynada o‘zlariga qarashdi. (har biri o‘ziga)
• They looked at each other.Ular bir-birlariga qarashdi. (biri ikkinchisiga)
• Do you know each other?Bir-biringizni taniysizmi?

Foydali iboralar

O‘zlik olmoshlari bilan ko‘p tayyor iboralar bor. Ular kundalik nutqda juda ko‘p ishlatiladi.

• Help yourself to some tea.Choydan oling, marhamat.
• Behave yourself!O‘zingizni tuting! / Odob bilan o‘tir!
• Make yourself at home.O‘z uyingizdek bemalol bo‘ling.
• Enjoy yourself!Maza qiling! / Yaxshi dam oling!
• Take care of yourself.O‘zingizni ehtiyot qiling.
• Did you enjoy yourselves?Yaxshi vaqt o‘tkazdingizmi?
• I said to myself, “Don’t give up.”O‘zimga dedim: “Taslim bo‘lma.”

Help yourself! — mehmonga “Oling, marhamat!” deyishning eng tabiiy usuli.

Qachon kerak emas?

O‘zbekchada “o‘zini” deymiz, lekin inglizchada ba’zi fe’llar bilan o‘zlik olmoshi qo‘shilmaydi. Bu juda keng tarqalgan xato.

• I feel good.O‘zimni yaxshi his qilyapman. (I feel myself good emas)
• Relax!O‘zingizni bo‘sh tuting!
• I got up, washed and got dressed.Turdim, yuvindim va kiyindim.
• We met at university.Biz universitetda tanishdik.

wash, dress, shave bilan o‘zlik olmoshi faqat alohida urg‘u kerak bo‘lsa ishlatiladi — masalan, bola birinchi marta o‘zi kiyinganida: My son can dress himself now!

Predlogdan keyin

Joy predloglaridan keyin ko‘pincha oddiy olmosh ishlatiladi, o‘zlik olmoshi emas:

• I put my bag next to me.Sumkamni yonimga qo‘ydim. (next to myself emas)
• She looked around her.U atrofiga qaradi.
• Close the door behind you.Orqangizdan eshikni yoping.

Bosqichma-bosqich

Kerak yoki kerakmasligini tekshiring:

1. Ish qiluvchi va ish qaratilgan odam bir kishimi? Ha bo‘lsa — -self kerak: She hurt herself.
2. Boshqa odammi? — oddiy olmosh: She hurt him.
3. Urg‘u kerakmi (“aynan o‘zi”)? — -self: I did it myself.
4. feel, relax, meet, wash kabi fe’lmi? — odatda olmosh kerak emas.

• He looked at himself.U o‘ziga qaradi.
• He looked at him.U unga (boshqa odamga) qaradi.

Misol: “U (qiz) oshxonada o‘zini kuydirib oldi.”

1. Ega (u) va to‘ldiruvchi (o‘zini) — bir kishi → herself.
2. Fe’l: burn → burnt.

Misol: “Biz uyni o‘zimiz bo‘yadik.”

1. Urg‘u — boshqalar emas, aynan biz → ourselves.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: ish o‘ziga qaytsa — -self / -selves. Bir-birini — each other. feel, relax, meet bilan — olmosh yo‘q.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Mehmonda

• — Welcome! Please come in and make yourselves at home.— Xush kelibsiz! Kiring, o‘z uyingizdek bemalol bo‘ling.
• — Thank you! What a beautiful house.— Rahmat! Qanday chiroyli uy.
• — Help yourselves to some fruit and tea.— Meva va choydan olinglar, marhamat.
• — Did you make this cake yourself?— Bu tortni o‘zingiz pishirdingizmi?
• — Yes, I made it myself. My daughter decorated it by herself!— Ha, o‘zim pishirdim. Qizim uni yolg‘iz o‘zi bezatdi!

Kichik matn

My grandfather is 80, but he still lives by himself. He cooks for himself, cleans the house himself and even repairs things himself. “I don’t need help. I can look after myself,” he always says. Last month he cut himself while he was working in the garden, but he didn’t tell anyone. My cousins and I visit him every Sunday. We always enjoy ourselves there. In our family we all help each other a lot.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. I made this dress ___. → myself
2. Be careful with the knife. Don’t cut ___. (Ali ga) → yourself
3. The children enjoyed ___ at the party. → themselves
4. Ali and Vali help ___ with homework. (bir-birini) → each other
5. U yolg‘iz yashaydi. → She lives by herself.
6. O‘zimni yaxshi his qilmayapman. → I don’t feel well. (myself yo‘q)
7. Choydan oling, marhamat! → Help yourself to some tea!
8. Xatoni toping: He taught hisself to play guitar. → He taught himself to play guitar.

Qisqa xulosa

• myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves.
• Ish o‘ziga qaytganda: I cut myself.
• Urg‘u uchun: I did it myself. The president himself came.
• by myself = yolg‘iz, yordamsiz.
• each other = bir-birini (themselves — har biri o‘zini).
• Iboralar: Help yourself! Make yourself at home! Enjoy yourself!
• feel, relax, concentrate, meet, wash, dress bilan odatda olmosh yo‘q.
• hisself, theirselves — xato.