Like doing, Want to do

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Ikki fe’l ketma-ket kelganda, ikkinchisi oddiy shaklda turolmaydi. Bu xuddi vagonlar orasidagi ulagich kabi: ikkinchi fe’l birinchisiga yoki to bilan, yoki -ing bilan ulanadi.

• I want to learn English.Ingliz tilini o‘rganmoqchiman. (to bilan)
• I like learning English.Ingliz tilini o‘rganishni yaxshi ko‘raman. (-ing bilan)

Qaysi ulagich kerakligini birinchi fe’l hal qiladi. O‘zbekchada ham shunday: “o‘qishni yaxshi ko‘raman” (-ish), “o‘qimoqchiman” (-moqchi), “o‘qishga qaror qildim” (-ishga). Ingliz tilida ham har bir fe’lning o‘z “qolipi” bor.

Afsuski, mantiq doim ham yordam bermaydi. Shuning uchun eng ko‘p ishlatiladigan fe’llarni qolipi bilan birga yodlash kerak: enjoy doing, want to do.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. -ing bilan keladigan fe’llar.
2. to bilan keladigan fe’llar.
3. like va would like farqi.
4. Ikkala shakl bilan keladigan fe’llar.
5. Predlogdan keyin doim -ing.
6. Maqsadni to bilan aytish va eng ko‘p xatolar.

Fe’l + -ing

Bu fe’llardan keyin ikkinchi fe’l -ing shaklida keladi. Ko‘pincha bular his-tuyg‘u, yoqtirish yoki tugatish / davom ettirish haqidagi fe’llar.

• I enjoy reading.O‘qishni yoqtiraman.
• He finished eating.U ovqatlanishni tugatdi.
• Do you mind waiting?Kutib tura olasizmi?
• Please stop talking.Iltimos, gapirishni bas qiling.
• She keeps calling me.U menga qo‘ng‘iroq qilaverdi.
• I can’t stand waiting in queues.Navbatda kutishga toqatim yo‘q.

Do you mind...? — juda muloyim iltimos: “...sangiz maylimi?” Do you mind opening the window? — Derazani ochib yuborsangiz maylimi? Javob: No, not at all (Yo‘q, bemalol) — ya’ni rozi.

like, love, hate

like, love, hate, prefer — ham -ing, ham to bilan kela oladi. Ma’no deyarli bir xil. Britaniyada -ing ko‘proq ishlatiladi.

• I like reading. / I like to read.O‘qishni yaxshi ko‘raman.
• She loves cooking.U ovqat pishirishni juda yaxshi ko‘radi.
• I hate getting up early.Erta turishni yomon ko‘raman.

Fe’l + to + fe’l

Bu fe’llardan keyin to + fe’lning asosiy shakli keladi. Ko‘pincha bular kelajakka qaragan niyat, reja, istak fe’llari.

• I want to learn English.Men ingliz tilini o‘rganmoqchiman.
• We decided to stay.Biz qolishga qaror qildik.
• I would like to speak to him.U bilan gaplashmoqchi edim.
• I need to buy some bread.Non olishim kerak.
• She hopes to study in Korea.U Koreyada o‘qishga umid qiladi.
• Don’t forget to lock the door.Eshikni qulflashni unutmang.
• He promised to call me.U menga qo‘ng‘iroq qilishga va’da berdi.

Inkor: not to

Ikkinchi fe’lni inkor qilish uchun to dan oldin not qo‘yiladi:

• I decided not to go.Bormaslikka qaror qildim.
• Try not to be late.Kechikmaslikka harakat qiling.
• She promised not to tell anyone.U hech kimga aytmaslikka va’da berdi.

Bir mantiq

to ko‘pincha kelajakka — hali bo‘lmagan, rejalashtirilgan ishga qaraydi. -ing esa ko‘pincha mavjud, bo‘layotgan yoki umumiy ishga.

• I want to swim.Suzmoqchiman. (hali suzmadim — kelajak)
• I enjoy swimming.Suzishni yoqtiraman. (umuman, tajriba)

Bu qoida har doim ishlamaydi, lekin fe’lni eslab qolishga yordam beradi.

Would like va like

Bu ikki ibora o‘xshash, lekin ma’nosi farq qiladi.

• I like coffee.Men qahvani yoqtiraman. (umuman)
• I’d like a coffee.Men qahva xohlayman. (hozir)
• Do you like travelling?Sayohat qilishni yoqtirasizmi? (umuman)
• Would you like to travel with us?Biz bilan sayohat qilishni xohlaysizmi? (taklif)

would like dan keyin doim to (ot bo‘lmasa): I’d like to go (I’d like going emas).

Would you like...? — taklif uchun eng muloyim usul: Would you like some tea? Would you like to come in?

Ikkala shakl — boshqa ma’no

Ba’zi fe’llar ham to, ham -ing bilan keladi, lekin ma’no o‘zgaradi. A2 darajasida eng muhim ikkitasi:

stop

• I stopped smoking.Chekishni tashladim. (endi chekmayman)
• I stopped to smoke.Chekish uchun to‘xtadim. (to‘xtab, chekdim)

remember / forget

• Remember to call your mum.Onangizga qo‘ng‘iroq qilishni unutmang. (kelajakda qilish kerak)
• I remember meeting him.U bilan uchrashganim esimda. (o‘tmishda bo‘lgan)

Bu mavzuni B1 darajasidagi “Gerundiy va infinitiv” darsida batafsil o‘rganamiz.

Bosqichma-bosqich

Fe’llarni guruhlab eslab qoling.

-ing guruhi (ko‘pincha his-tuyg‘u va tugatish):

• I enjoy reading.O‘qishni yoqtiraman.
• He finished eating.U ovqatlanishni tugatdi.
• Do you mind waiting?Kutib tura olasizmi?

to guruhi (ko‘pincha kelajakka qaragan niyat):

• I want to go.Bormoqchiman.
• We plan to travel.Sayohat qilishni rejalashtiryapmiz.
• She hopes to win.U yutishga umid qiladi.

Misol: “Men ovqat pishirishni yoqtiraman.”

1. Birinchi fe’l: yoqtirmoq → enjoy (yoki like).
2. enjoy — -ing guruhi.
3. Ikkinchi fe’l: cook → cooking.

Misol: “U Toshkentga ko‘chib o‘tishga qaror qildi.”

1. Birinchi fe’l: qaror qilmoq → decide (o‘tgan zamon: decided).
2. decide — to guruhi.
3. Ikkinchi fe’l: move → to move.

Predlogdan keyin doim -ing

Bu istisnosiz qoida: predlogdan (in, on, at, for, of, about, without, before, after) keyin fe’l doim -ing shaklida keladi.

• I’m interested in learning Korean.Koreys tilini o‘rganishga qiziqaman.
• Thanks for helping me.Yordam berganingiz uchun rahmat.
• She left without saying goodbye.U xayrlashmasdan ketdi.
• I’m good at cooking.Men ovqat pishirishni yaxshi bilaman.
• What about going to the cinema?Kinoga borsak-chi?
• Before leaving, turn off the lights.Ketishdan oldin chiroqlarni o‘chiring.
• I’m tired of waiting.Kutishdan charchadim.

look forward to da to — predlog! Shuning uchun undan keyin -ing: I look forward to hearing from you (to hear emas). Bu rasmiy xatlarda juda ko‘p uchraydi.

Maqsad: to + fe’l

“Nima uchun?”, “nima maqsadda?” savoliga to + fe’l javob beradi. O‘zbekchadagi -ish uchun ga to‘g‘ri keladi.

• I went to the bank to get money.Pul olish uchun bankka bordim.
• I came here to study.Bu yerga o‘qish uchun keldim.
• She called to say thank you.U rahmat aytish uchun qo‘ng‘iroq qildi.
• We stopped to buy some water.Suv olish uchun to‘xtadik.

For to get yoki for get — xato. Maqsad uchun faqat to.

• — Why are you learning English? — To get a better job.— Nega ingliz tilini o‘rganyapsiz? — Yaxshiroq ish topish uchun.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: enjoy, finish, mind, stop, keep + -ing. want, need, hope, decide, would like + to. Predlogdan keyin — doim -ing.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Qiziqishlar haqida

• — What do you enjoy doing in your free time?— Bo‘sh vaqtingizda nima qilishni yoqtirasiz?
• — I love reading and I enjoy cooking.— O‘qishni juda yaxshi ko‘raman va ovqat pishirishni yoqtiraman.
• — Are you good at cooking?— Ovqat pishirishni yaxshi bilasizmi?
• — Not bad! I want to learn to make Italian food.— Yomon emas! Italyan taomlarini tayyorlashni o‘rganmoqchiman.
• — Would you like to come to a cooking class with me?— Men bilan pazandachilik darsiga borishni xohlaysizmi?
• — I’d love to!— Juda xohlayman!

Kichik matn

Last year I decided to change my life. I stopped eating fast food and I started going to the gym. At first I hated getting up early, but now I enjoy running in the morning. I want to run a marathon next year. I’m also interested in learning to swim. I hope to be healthier and happier!

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. I enjoy ___ (dance). → dancing
2. She wants ___ (become) a doctor. → to become
3. Have you finished ___ (read) the book? → reading
4. We decided ___ (not / go) out. → not to go
5. I’m interested in ___ (learn) Spanish. → learning
6. Kutib tursangiz maylimi? → Do you mind waiting?
7. Men non olish uchun do‘konga bordim. → I went to the shop to buy bread.
8. Xatoni toping: I would like visiting London. → I would like to visit London.

Qisqa xulosa

• enjoy, finish, mind, stop, keep, avoid + -ing.
• want, need, hope, plan, decide, would like, try, forget + to + fe’l.
• like, love, hate — ikkalasi bilan ham (ma’no bir xil).
• like — umuman yoqtirish, would like — hozir xohlash (+ to).
• Inkor: not to + fe’l: I decided not to go.
• Predlogdan keyin doim -ing: interested in learning, thanks for helping.
• Maqsad: to + fe’l: I came to study (for to emas).