Noun Clauses

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Ot ergash gap (noun clause) — butun bir fikr (gap) otning vazifasini bajarishi. Oddiy misol bilan ko‘raylik:

• I know the answer.Javobni bilaman. (the answer — ot)
• I know that he is here.Uning shu yerda ekanini bilaman. (that he is here — ot o‘rnidagi gap)
• I know where she lives.Uning qayerda yashashini bilaman. (where she lives — ot o‘rnidagi gap)

O‘zbekchada ham shunday: “Men buni bilaman” gapida “buni” — ot. Uning o‘rniga butun gap qo‘yamiz: “Men u kelishini bilaman”, “Men u qayerda yashashini bilaman”.

Inglizchada bunday gaplar that, what, whether, if, how, why, where, who kabi so‘zlar bilan boshlanadi va gapning ega, to‘ldiruvchi yoki predlogdan keyingi joyida turadi.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. Ot ergash gap nima va qanday tuziladi.
2. that — fakt va fikrlar.
3. wh- so‘zlari — savol ma’nosi; oddiy gap tartibi.
4. whether va if farqi.
5. what — “...gan narsa”.
6. Ega sifatida, the fact that va eng ko‘p xatolar.

Gapning qaysi o‘rnida?

Ot ergash gap otning istalgan joyida turishi mumkin:

• What he said surprised me.Uning aytgani meni hayron qoldirdi. (ega)
• That she passed is wonderful.Uning o‘tgani ajoyib. (rasmiy, ega)
• I believe that you can do it.Uddalay olishingizga ishonaman. (to‘ldiruvchi)
• The problem is that we have no money.Muammo shundaki, pulimiz yo‘q.
• I’m worried about what might happen.Nima bo‘lishidan xavotirdaman. (predlogdan keyin)

that — fakt va fikr

that fakt, fikr, xabar yoki ishonchni bildiradi. Ko‘pincha think, know, believe, say, hope, realise, agree kabi fe’llardan keyin keladi.

• I think that she is right.Menimcha, u haq.
• We know that the earth is round.Yer yumaloq ekanini bilamiz.
• She said that she was tired.U charchaganini aytdi.
• I hope that you feel better.O‘zingizni yaxshiroq his qilyapsiz deb umid qilaman.
• He realised that he had made a mistake.U xato qilganini tushundi.

So‘zlashuvda that ko‘pincha tushib qoladi: I think (that) she is right.

Sifat + that

His-tuyg‘u va ishonch sifatlaridan keyin ham that keladi:

• I’m glad that you came.Kelganingizdan xursandman.
• She’s sure that it’s true.U bu to‘g‘ri ekanidan amin.
• We’re sorry that you lost your job.Ishingizdan ayrilganingizdan afsusdamiz.
• I’m afraid that I can’t help you.Afsuski, sizga yordam bera olmayman.
• It’s important that everyone comes.Hamma kelishi muhim.

wh- so‘zlari — savol ma’nosi

where, when, why, how, who, what, which — savol ma’nosini beradi, lekin gap savol emas. Shuning uchun oddiy gap tartibi ishlatiladi: ega + fe’l, do / does / did yo‘q.

• I don’t know why he left.Nega ketganini bilmayman.
• Can you tell me where the station is?Vokzal qayerdaligini ayta olasizmi?
• I wonder who she is.U kim ekan, qiziq.
• Do you know how much it costs?Bu qancha turishini bilasizmi?
• Nobody knows when they will arrive.Ular qachon kelishini hech kim bilmaydi.
• I can’t remember what her name is.Uning ismi nima ekanini eslay olmayman.

Bu qoida ko‘chirma savollar va muloyim savollar bilan bir xil.

whether va if farqi

Ikkalasi ham “...-mi yo‘qmi” degan ma’noni beradi.

• I wonder if she will come.Keladimi-yo‘qmi, bilmayman.
• I’m not sure whether it’s true.Bu to‘g‘rimi-yo‘qmi, aniq bilmayman.

Lekin ba’zi joylarda faqat whether ishlatiladi:

• Whether he comes doesn’t matter.U keladimi yo‘qmi, farqi yo‘q.
• We talked about whether to go.Borish-bormaslik haqida gaplashdik.
• I can’t decide whether to stay or go.Qolishimni yoki ketishimni hal qila olmayapman.

If he comes doesn’t matter — xato (gap boshida if emas).

what — “...gan narsa”

what ot ergash gapda “...gan narsa”, “nimaki” degan ma’noni beradi. U o‘zi ham ot, ham bog‘lovchi vazifasini bajaradi.

• What you said is true.Aytganingiz to‘g‘ri.
• I understand what you mean.Nima demoqchi ekaningizni tushunaman.
• This is what I wanted.Men xohlagan narsa shu.
• What I need is a holiday.Menga kerak narsa — ta’til.
• Tell me what happened.Nima bo‘lganini ayting.

what va that farqi:

• I know that he lied.Uning yolg‘on gapirganini bilaman. (that — faqat bog‘lovchi)
• I know what he said.Uning nima deganini bilaman. (what — “nima” + bog‘lovchi)

The thing what I need — xato. To‘g‘ri: What I need yoki The thing that I need.

Ega sifatida

Ot ergash gap gap boshida ega bo‘lishi mumkin. Lekin bu juda rasmiy eshitiladi. Oddiy uslubda it bilan boshlanadi va ot ergash gap oxiriga suriladi.

• That he lied is obvious.Uning yolg‘on gapirgani aniq. (rasmiy)
• It is obvious that he lied.Uning yolg‘on gapirgani aniq. (oddiy)
• Whether we win is not important.Yutamizmi-yo‘qmi, muhim emas. (rasmiy)
• It’s not important whether we win.(oddiy)

what bilan boshlangan ega esa tabiiy: What he said surprised me.

The fact that

Predlogdan keyin that gap to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri kelmaydi. Shuning uchun the fact that qo‘shiladi.

• Despite the fact that he was ill, he came.Kasal bo‘lishiga qaramay, u keldi.
• I’m worried about the fact that prices are rising.Narxlar oshayotganidan xavotirdaman.
• Due to the fact that it rained, the match was cancelled.Yomg‘ir yog‘gani sababli o‘yin bekor qilindi.

Despite that he was ill — xato. To‘g‘ri: Despite the fact that he was ill yoki Although he was ill.

Bosqichma-bosqich

Bog‘lovchini gap turiga qarab tanlang:

1. Fakt, fikr → that.
2. Savol ma’nosi → wh- so‘zlari.
3. Ha yoki yo‘q → whether / if.
4. ...gan narsa → what.

• I think that she is right.Menimcha, u haq. (fakt)
• I don’t know why he left.Nega ketganini bilmayman. (savol)
• I wonder if she will come.Keladimi-yo‘qmi, bilmayman. (ha/yo‘q)

Misol: “Uning nima qilayotganini bilmayman.”

1. Savol ma’nosi (nima?) → what.
2. Oddiy tartib: he + is doing.

Misol: “Muhimi shundaki, biz birgamiz.”

1. to be dan keyin fakt → that.

Misol: “U rost gapiryaptimi-yo‘qmi, bilmayman.”

1. Ha / yo‘q → whether / if.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: ot ergash gapda — oddiy gap tartibi (ega + fe’l). that — fakt, wh- — savol ma’nosi, whether — ha / yo‘q, what — ...gan narsa.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Ish suhbatida

• — Can you tell me why you want this job?— Nega bu ishni xohlashingizni ayta olasizmi?
• — I believe that I have the right experience.— Menda kerakli tajriba bor deb hisoblayman.
• — Do you know what our company does?— Kompaniyamiz nima bilan shug‘ullanishini bilasizmi?
• — Yes. What impressed me most is your work with schools.— Ha. Meni eng ko‘p hayratlantirgani — maktablar bilan ishingiz.
• — We haven’t decided whether we need someone full-time.— Bizga to‘liq stavkada xodim kerakmi-yo‘qmi, hali hal qilmadik.
• — I understand. Whether it’s full-time or part-time, I’m interested.— Tushunaman. To‘liq bo‘ladimi yoki yarim stavka, men qiziqaman.

Kichik matn

Nobody knows exactly when the city was founded, but historians believe that it is over 2,000 years old. What makes it special is its architecture. Many visitors wonder how the ancient builders created such perfect domes. The fact that these buildings are still standing shows how skilled they were. Whether you love history or not, you will be amazed by what you see there.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. I don’t know ___ she is. (kim) → who
2. ___ you said made me happy. (...gan narsa) → What
3. I’m not sure ___ he will come. (ha / yo‘q) → whether / if
4. I think ___ you’re right. (fakt) → that
5. Vokzal qayerdaligini bilasizmi? → Do you know where the station is?
6. Menga kerak narsa — vaqt. → What I need is time.
7. Kasal bo‘lishiga qaramay, u ishga bordi. → Despite the fact that he was ill, he went to work.
8. Xatoni toping: I wonder what time does the film start. → I wonder what time the film starts.

Qisqa xulosa

• Ot ergash gap — butun gap ot o‘rnida: ega, to‘ldiruvchi yoki predlogdan keyin.
• that — fakt va fikr: I know that he is here.
• wh- so‘zlari — savol ma’nosi, lekin oddiy tartib: I don’t know where she lives.
• whether / if — ha / yo‘q; gap boshida, predlog va to bilan — faqat whether.
• what = ...gan narsa: What you said is true.
• Gap boshida ega — rasmiy; oddiy uslubda It is ... that.
• Predlogdan keyin — the fact that.