Future Perfect

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Future Perfect — kelajakka muddat qo‘yadigan zamon. Siz kelajakdagi bir nuqtada turib orqaga qaraysiz va aytasiz: “O‘sha paytgacha bu ish tugagan bo‘ladi.”

O‘zbekchada bu -gan bo‘laman, -ib bo‘laman shakliga to‘g‘ri keladi: tugatgan bo‘laman, o‘qib bo‘laman, ketib bo‘lgan bo‘ladi.

• I will have finished the report by Friday.Juma kunigacha hisobotni tugatib bo‘laman.
• By 2030 she will have graduated.2030-yilgacha u o‘qishni tugatgan bo‘ladi.

Kalit so‘z — by: “...gacha”. By Friday — juma kunigacha, by 2030 — 2030-yilgacha. Bu so‘zni ko‘rsangiz, darhol Future Perfect haqida o‘ylang.

Bu darsda ikki zamonni o‘rganamiz:

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. Future Perfect qanday tuziladi.
2. Kelajakdagi muddatgacha tugaydigan ish.
3. Payt so‘zlari: by, by the time, by then, before.
4. Future Perfect Continuous — davomiylik.
5. Kelasi zamonning boshqa shakllari bilan solishtirish.
6. Taxmin ma’nosi va eng ko‘p xatolar.

Future Perfect: tuzilishi

Hamma shaxs uchun bir xil: will have + fe’lning 3-shakli (V3).

• I will have finished the report by Friday.Juma kunigacha hisobotni tugatib bo‘laman.
• By 2030 she will have graduated.2030-yilgacha u o‘qishni tugatgan bo‘ladi.
• By the time you arrive, we will have eaten.Siz yetib kelguningizcha ovqatlanib bo‘lamiz.
• They will have built the new bridge by next summer.Kelasi yozgacha ular yangi ko‘prikni qurib bo‘lishadi.

Qachon ishlatiladi?

Kelajakdagi aniq bir paytgacha tugab bo‘ladigan ish uchun. Diqqat ishning natijasiga qaratiladi: o‘sha paytga kelib u tayyor bo‘ladi.

• By 6 pm I will have cooked dinner.Kechki soat 6 gacha kechki ovqatni pishirib bo‘laman.
• The film will have started by the time we get there.Biz yetib borgunimizcha film boshlanib bo‘ladi.
• By the end of this course you will have learned 500 new words.Bu kurs oxirigacha siz 500 ta yangi so‘z o‘rgangan bo‘lasiz.
• By next year, we will have saved enough money for a car.Kelasi yilgacha mashina uchun yetarli pul yig‘ib bo‘lamiz.

Vaqt chizig‘i

Ish muddatdan oldin (yoki muddatda) tugaydi. Muddat — kelajakdagi nuqta.

Payt so‘zlari

• I will have left by then.O‘sha paytgacha ketib bo‘laman.
• By the end of the month, we will have moved to our new flat.Oy oxirigacha yangi kvartiramizga ko‘chib bo‘lamiz.

by the time — will ishlatilmaydi!

by the time dan keyingi qismda — hozirgi zamon (Present Simple), will emas. Bu when, if, before dagi qoida bilan bir xil.

Bo‘lishsiz va so‘roq

• I won’t have finished by 5.Soat 5 gacha tugatmagan bo‘laman.
• Don’t call at 7 — I won’t have got home yet.Soat 7 da qo‘ng‘iroq qilmang — hali uyga yetib kelmagan bo‘laman.
• Will you have left by then?Shu paytgacha ketib bo‘lasizmi?
• Will they have finished the work by Monday?Ular dushanbagacha ishni tugatib bo‘lisharmi?
• How many countries will you have visited by the end of your trip?Sayohatingiz oxirigacha nechta davlatda bo‘lgan bo‘lasiz?

Future Perfect Continuous

Kelajakdagi muddatgacha davom etib keladigan jarayon. Diqqat davomiylikka — “qancha vaqt” bo‘ladi.

• Next month I will have been working here for ten years.Keyingi oyda bu yerda ishlaganimga o‘n yil bo‘ladi.
• By June I will have been living here for ten years.Iyunga kelib bu yerda yashayotganimga o‘n yil bo‘ladi.
• By 5 o’clock we will have been driving for six hours.Soat 5 ga kelib olti soatdan beri yo‘lda bo‘lamiz.
• In September she will have been teaching for 25 years.Sentyabrda uning dars berayotganiga 25 yil bo‘ladi.

O‘zbekchada bu ko‘pincha “...ga ... bo‘ladi” iborasi bilan aytiladi: “ishlaganimga o‘n yil bo‘ladi”.

Future Perfect va Future Perfect Continuous

Kelasi zamon shakllarini solishtirish

• I will finish at 5.Soat 5 da tugataman. (aniq o‘sha paytda)
• I will have finished by 5.Soat 5 gacha tugatib bo‘laman. (oldinroq — 5 da tayyor)
• I will be working at 5.Soat 5 da ishlayotgan bo‘laman. (jarayon o‘rtasida)
• I will have been working for 8 hours by 5.Soat 5 ga kelib 8 soat ishlagan bo‘laman. (davomiylik)

Bosqichma-bosqich

Misol: “Keyingi yilgacha men o‘qishni tugatgan bo‘laman.”

1. Muddat nuqtasi: by next year.
2. will have: I will have.
3. 3-shakl: finish → finished.
4. Qolgani: my studies.

Misol: “Siz qaytib kelguningizcha men uyni tozalab bo‘laman.”

1. Muddat: siz qaytib kelguningizcha → by the time you come back (will yo‘q!).
2. Natija: tozalab bo‘laman → will have cleaned.

Misol: “Dekabrda biz turmush qurganimizga 20 yil bo‘ladi.”

1. Davomiylik (20 yil) + muddat (dekabr) → Future Perfect Continuous? Lekin be married — holat → Future Perfect.
2. will have been married for 20 years.

be — holat fe’li, shuning uchun Continuous emas: will have been married (Future Perfect of “be married”).

Taxmin ma’nosi

Ba’zan Future Perfect kelajak emas, balki hozir yoki o‘tmish haqida taxmin bildiradi — “...gan bo‘lsa kerak”.

• He will have arrived by now.U hozirgacha yetib kelgan bo‘ladi. / Yetib kelgan bo‘lsa kerak.
• Don’t call her now — she will have gone to bed.Hozir unga qo‘ng‘iroq qilmang — u yotgan bo‘lsa kerak.
• You will have heard the news, I suppose.Yangilikni eshitgan bo‘lsangiz kerak, deb o‘ylayman.

Bu ma’no must have + V3 ga yaqin: He must have arrived.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

by va until farqi: by — “...gacha kechikmay” (ish tugaydi), until — “...gacha davom etadi” (ish davom etadi). I’ll wait until 5. I’ll finish by 5.

Eslab qoling: by + kelajakdagi muddat → will have + V3. by the time dan keyin — hozirgi zamon.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Loyiha rejasi

• — When will the new website be ready?— Yangi veb-sayt qachon tayyor bo‘ladi?
• — By the end of March we will have finished the design.— Mart oxirigacha dizaynni tugatib bo‘lamiz.
• — And the testing?— Sinov-chi?
• — We will have tested everything by mid-April.— Aprel o‘rtasigacha hammasini sinab bo‘lamiz.
• — So by May the site will have been online for two weeks?— Demak, maygacha sayt ikki haftadan beri ishlayotgan bo‘ladimi?
• — Exactly. By then we will have been working on it for six months.— Aynan. O‘shanda uning ustida ishlayotganimizga olti oy bo‘ladi.

Kelajak rejalari

I’m 25 now. By the time I’m 30, I will have finished my master’s degree and I will have found a good job. I hope I will have bought a flat by then. By 35, I will have been working in my profession for ten years. And by the time I retire, I will have visited at least 30 countries!

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. By 2030 I ___ (finish) university. → will have finished
2. By the time you ___ (get) here, I ___ (cook) dinner. → get / will have cooked
3. ___ you ___ (finish) the book by Monday? → Will / have finished
4. Next year she ___ (teach) for 20 years. → will have been teaching
5. Juma kunigacha hisobotni tugatib bo‘laman. → I will have finished the report by Friday.
6. Siz yetib kelguningizcha film boshlanib bo‘ladi. → The film will have started by the time you arrive.
7. U hozirgacha yetib kelgan bo‘lsa kerak. → She will have arrived by now.
8. Xatoni toping: By the time she will come, we will have left. → By the time she comes, we will have left.

Qisqa xulosa

• Future Perfect: will have + V3 — kelajakdagi muddatgacha tugaydigan ish.
• Kalit so‘z — by: by Friday, by 2030, by the time, by then.
• by the time dan keyin — hozirgi zamon (will emas).
• Future Perfect Continuous: will have been + -ing — muddatgacha davom etadigan ish (+ for).
• Natija, son — Future Perfect; davomiylik — Future Perfect Continuous.
• Holat fe’llari (know, be) — faqat Future Perfect.
• Taxmin: He will have arrived by now — yetib kelgan bo‘lsa kerak.
• by — kechikmay, until — davom etadi.