Should — Maslahat: should: qoida va misollar

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Should — do‘stingizning maslahati. Must buyruq kabi kuchli, should esa “mening fikrimcha, shunday qilgan ma’qul” degani. Tinglovchi maslahatni rad etishi mumkin — majburiyat yo‘q.

O‘zbekchada bu -sang yaxshi bo‘lardi, -ishing kerak, -gan ma’qul shakllariga to‘g‘ri keladi:

You should see a doctor.Shifokorga borsangiz yaxshi bo‘lardi.
You should sleep more.Ko‘proq uxlashingiz kerak.
You shouldn’t eat so much sugar.Bunchalik ko‘p shakar yemaganingiz ma’qul.

Should — modal fe’l. U ham can, must, will kabi ishlaydi: hamma shaxsda bir xil, undan keyin to yo‘q, fe’l asosiy shaklda.

Bo‘lishliega + should + fe’l

Bo‘lishsizshouldn’t (should not) + fe’l

So‘roqShould + ega + fe’l?

Qisqa javobYes, you should. / No, you shouldn’t.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

should ning tuzilishi va ma’nosi.
Maslahat berish va maslahat so‘rash.
I think you should... — fikrni yumshatish.
should va must farqi, maslahatning boshqa shakllari.
should — kutilgan natija ma’nosida.
should have + V3 — o‘tmishdagi afsus.

Tuzilishi

Ega	Bo‘lishli	Inkor
I	I should go	I shouldn’t go
you	you should go	you shouldn’t go
he / she / it	he should go	he shouldn’t go
we	we should go	we shouldn’t go
they	they should go	they shouldn’t go

You should see a doctor.Shifokorga borishingiz kerak.
You shouldn’t eat so much sugar.Bunchalik ko‘p shakar yemasligingiz kerak.
Should I call her?Unga qo‘ng‘iroq qilsam bo‘ladimi?
I think you should rest.Menimcha, dam olishingiz kerak.

Talaffuz: should — “shud” (l aytilmaydi), shouldn’t — “shudnt”.

Qachon ishlatiladi?

1. Maslahat berish

Eng asosiy vazifa — kimgadir maslahat berish, nima qilish to‘g‘ri yoki yaxshi ekanini aytish.

You look tired. You should go to bed early.Charchagan ko‘rinasiz. Erta yotishingiz kerak.
You should drink more water.Ko‘proq suv ichishingiz kerak.
You shouldn’t work so hard.Bunchalik qattiq ishlamasligingiz kerak.
Children should eat vegetables.Bolalar sabzavot yeyishi kerak.
You should visit Bukhara. It’s beautiful.Buxoroga borishingiz kerak. U juda chiroyli.

2. To‘g‘ri va noto‘g‘ri haqida fikr

Nima to‘g‘ri, nima noto‘g‘ri ekanligi haqida umumiy fikr.

People should be kind to animals.Odamlar hayvonlarga mehribon bo‘lishi kerak.
The government should build more schools.Hukumat ko‘proq maktab qurishi kerak.
You shouldn’t speak to your mother like that.Onangizga bunday gapirmasligingiz kerak.
We should protect nature.Biz tabiatni asrashimiz kerak.

3. Maslahat so‘rash

Should bilan savol — boshqalardan maslahat yoki fikr so‘rash.

What should I do?Nima qilishim kerak?
Should I tell her?Unga aytsam maylimi?
Where should we go?Qayerga borganimiz ma’qul?
What should I wear to the wedding?To‘yga nima kiysam bo‘ladi?
Should I buy this phone or that one?Bu telefonni olsammi yoki anavisinimi?

Fikrni yumshatish

Inglizlar maslahat berganda juda ehtiyotkor. Ular ko‘pincha I think yoki maybe bilan boshlaydi — bu maslahatni yumshoqroq qiladi.

I think you should talk to him.Menimcha, u bilan gaplashishingiz kerak.
Maybe you should take a break.Balki tanaffus qilganingiz ma’qul.
Perhaps we should leave now.Ehtimol, hozir ketganimiz ma’qul.

Inkor fikr

Inkor maslahatda inkor odatda think ga o‘tadi:

I don’t think you should go.Menimcha, borganingiz ma’qul emas.
I don’t think we should buy it.Menimcha, uni sotib olmasligimiz kerak.

I think you shouldn’t go — xato emas, lekin I don’t think you should go tabiiyroq va muloyimroq.

should va must

Ikkalasi ham “kerak”, lekin kuchi farq qiladi.

should	must
Maslahat, fikr	Majburiyat, qoida
You should stop smoking. (maslahatim)	You must stop smoking. (shifokor buyrug‘i)
Tinglovchi rad etishi mumkin	Rad etish qiyin
Yumshoq	Qattiq

You should wear a coat. It’s cold.Palto kiyganingiz ma’qul. Sovuq. (maslahat)
You must wear a helmet on a motorbike.Mototsiklda dubulg‘a kiyish shart. (qoida)

Kuchi bo‘yicha taqqoslang

Maslahat berishning bir nechta usuli bor — eng yumshog‘idan eng kuchlisigacha.

Yumshoq taklifYou could try this.

MaslahatYou should try this.

KuchliroqYou ought to try this.

OgohlantirishYou’d better try this.

MajburiyYou must try this.

ought to

ought to — should bilan deyarli bir xil ma’no, lekin biroz rasmiyroq va kamroq ishlatiladi. to bilan keladi.

You ought to rest.Dam olishingiz lozim.
We ought to call the police.Politsiyaga qo‘ng‘iroq qilishimiz kerak.

had better

had better (qisqasi: ’d better) — kuchli maslahat, ko‘pincha ogohlantirish: “aks holda yomon bo‘ladi”.

You’d better hurry, or you’ll miss the bus.Shoshilganingiz ma’qul, aks holda avtobusdan qolasiz.
We’d better not be late.Kechikmaganimiz ma’qul.

had better — o‘tgan zamon emas! U hozir yoki kelajak haqida. Inkori: ’d better not.

If I were you...

“Sizning o‘rningizda bo‘lganimda...” — maslahat berishning yana bir mashhur usuli.

If I were you, I would rest.Sizning o‘rningizda bo‘lganimda, dam olardim.
If I were you, I wouldn’t buy that car.Sizning o‘rningizda bo‘lsam, u mashinani olmasdim.

Why don’t you...?

Do‘stona maslahat yoki taklif:

Why don’t you ask your teacher?Nega o‘qituvchingizdan so‘ramaysiz?
Why don’t you take a taxi?Taksi olsangiz-chi?

Kutilgan natija

Should faqat maslahat emas. U “kutilganidek bo‘lishi kerak, normal holatda shunday” degan ma’noni ham beradi.

He should be home by now.U hozirgacha uyda bo‘lishi kerak.
The film should be good.Film yaxshi bo‘lsa kerak.
The bus should arrive in five minutes.Avtobus besh daqiqada kelishi kerak.
It shouldn’t take long.Bu uzoq vaqt olmasligi kerak.
You should get the letter tomorrow.Xatni ertaga olishingiz kerak.

Bu yerda should — taxmin, lekin must dan kuchsizroq: “normal holatda shunday bo‘lishi kerak”.

O‘tmish: should have + V3

O‘tmishda qilinmagan to‘g‘ri ish uchun afsus yoki tanqid: “...ishim kerak edi (lekin qilmadim)”.

Tuzilishishould have + fe’lning 3-shakli

Inkorshouldn’t have + 3-shakl: ...masligim kerak edi (lekin qildim)

I should have studied more.Ko‘proq o‘qishim kerak edi. (o‘qimadim)
You should have told me.Menga aytishingiz kerak edi. (aytmadingiz)
We should have left earlier.Ertaroq chiqishimiz kerak edi.
I shouldn’t have eaten so much.Bunchalik ko‘p yemasligim kerak edi. (yedim)
She shouldn’t have said that.U buni aytmasligi kerak edi.

So‘zlashuvda: should have — “shud-ov” yoki “shudda”. Yozuvda should of — xato.

Bosqichma-bosqich

Maslahat berish uchun oddiy reja:

Muammoni eshiting: I have a headache.
Maslahat toping: dam olish.
should + fe’l: You should rest.

Misol: “Siz ko‘proq sabzavot yeyishingiz kerak.”

Maslahat → should.
Ega: you. Fe’l: eat (asosiy shakl).
Qolgani: more vegetables.

NatijaYou should eat more vegetables.

Misol: “Unga aytsam maylimi?”

Maslahat so‘rash → Should gap boshida.
Ega: I. Fe’l: tell + her.

NatijaShould I tell her?

Misol: “Sizga qo‘ng‘iroq qilishim kerak edi.”

O‘tmishdagi afsus → should have + V3.
call → called.

NatijaI should have called you.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

✗ ~~You should to go.~~

✓ You should go.

should dan keyin to kerak emas.

✗ ~~She shoulds study.~~

✓ She should study.

should -s olmaydi.

✗ ~~You should went.~~

✓ You should go.

should dan keyin fe’lning asosiy shakli.

✗ ~~Do I should go?~~

✓ Should I go?

should bilan do ishlatilmaydi.

✗ ~~I should have went.~~

✓ I should have gone.

should have + 3-shakl.

✗ ~~I should of called you.~~

✓ I should have called you.

of emas, have.

✗ ~~You don’t should smoke.~~

✓ You shouldn’t smoke.

Inkor — shouldn’t.

✗ ~~I think you shouldn’t go.~~

✓ I don’t think you should go.

Inkor think ga o‘tadi (tabiiyroq).

✗ ~~You had better to go.~~

✓ You’d better go.

had better + fe’l, to yo‘q.

✗ ~~You ought go.~~

✓ You ought to go.

ought dan keyin to kerak.

Eslab qoling: should + fe’lning asosiy shakli. To yo‘q, -s yo‘q, do yo‘q.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Do‘stga maslahat

— I can’t sleep at night. What should I do?— Kechasi uxlay olmayapman. Nima qilsam bo‘ladi?
— You shouldn’t drink coffee in the evening.— Kechqurun qahva ichmasligingiz kerak.
— OK. What else?— Mayli. Yana nima?
— I think you should turn off your phone an hour before bed.— Menimcha, uxlashdan bir soat oldin telefoningizni o‘chirishingiz kerak.
— Should I take sleeping pills?— Uyqu dorisi ichsammi?
— I don’t think you should. Maybe you should see a doctor first.— Menimcha, kerak emas. Balki avval shifokorga borganingiz ma’qul.

Sayyohga maslahatlar

If you visit Uzbekistan, you should try plov — it’s our national dish. You should visit Samarkand, Bukhara and Khiva. You shouldn’t wear shorts in mosques. You should always bargain at the bazaar — it’s part of the culture! And you should learn a few words in Uzbek. People will love it.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

You look ill. You ___ see a doctor. → should
You ___ eat so much fast food. → shouldn’t
___ I take an umbrella? → Should
The train ___ arrive at 6. (kutilgan) → should
Menimcha, siz unga aytishingiz kerak. → I think you should tell him.
Nima kiyishim kerak? → What should I wear?
Ertaroq turishim kerak edi. → I should have got up earlier.
Xatoni toping: She should to study more. → She should study more.

Qisqa xulosa

should + fe’lning asosiy shakli; to yo‘q, -s yo‘q.
Maslahat berish: You should see a doctor.
Maslahat so‘rash: What should I do? Should I...?
Yumshatish: I think you should... / I don’t think you should...
should — maslahat, must — majburiyat.
Boshqa shakllar: ought to, had better, If I were you, Why don’t you...?
Kutilgan natija: He should be home by now.
O‘tmishdagi afsus: should have + V3.