Future in the Past

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Hikoya o‘tmishda bo‘lmoqda, lekin unda qahramon kelajakni rejalashtiradi yoki kelajak haqida o‘ylaydi. Biz esa hozir, hikoyani aytib berayotganda, hammasi qanday tugaganini bilamiz.

• In 1990, she didn’t know that she would become a famous writer.1990-yilda u mashhur yozuvchi bo‘lishini bilmas edi.

1990-yildan qaraganda “yozuvchi bo‘lish” — kelajak edi. Bizdan (hozirdan) qaraganda — o‘tmish. Mana shu “o‘tmishdagi kelajak” (future in the past).

O‘zbekchada bu -ar edi, -moqchi edi, -ishi kerak edi shakllariga to‘g‘ri keladi: bo‘lishini bilmas edi, qo‘ng‘iroq qilmoqchi edim, kelishi kerak edi.

Qoida oson — xuddi ko‘chirma gapdagidek, kelajak shakllari bir pog‘ona orqaga suriladi:

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. would — o‘tmishdan qaralgan bashorat.
2. was going to — reja (ko‘pincha bajarilmagan).
3. was about to — arafasida edi.
4. was to — taqdir va rasmiy reja.
5. was supposed to, was due to — kutilgan, lekin bo‘lmagan.
6. Adabiy uslub, bahona va eng ko‘p xatolar.

would — o‘tmishdan qaralgan bashorat

would — o‘tmishdagi paytdan qaralganda kelajak haqidagi fikr, bashorat yoki ishonch.

• I knew she would succeed.U muvaffaqiyatga erishishini bilardim.
• I thought it would rain, so I took an umbrella.Yomg‘ir yog‘adi deb o‘yladim, shuning uchun soyabon oldim.
• He promised he would call me.U menga qo‘ng‘iroq qilishga va’da berdi.
• Nobody expected that the war would last so long.Hech kim urush bunchalik uzoq davom etishini kutmagan edi.
• She told me she would be late.U menga kechikishini aytdi.

would — adabiy uslubda

Hikoyalarda muallif kelajakni oldindan aytib qo‘yishi mumkin — would yoki was to bilan:

• She would later become a minister.U keyinchalik vazir bo‘ldi.
• He didn’t know it then, but he would never see her again.O‘shanda bilmas edi, lekin uni boshqa hech qachon ko‘rmaydigan edi.
• Ten years later, they would meet again in Paris.O‘n yildan keyin ular yana Parijda uchrashadigan edi.

was going to — reja

was / were going to — o‘tmishda reja yoki niyat bor edi. Ko‘pincha bu reja amalga oshmagan.

• I was going to call you, but I forgot.Sizga qo‘ng‘iroq qilmoqchi edim, lekin unutibman.
• We were going to buy a house, but prices went up.Uy olmoqchi edik, lekin narxlar oshib ketdi.
• I was going to study, but I fell asleep.O‘qimoqchi edim, lekin uxlab qoldim.
• She was going to be a doctor, but she became a teacher.U shifokor bo‘lmoqchi edi, lekin o‘qituvchi bo‘ldi.

was going to ko‘pincha but bilan keladi — reja bajarilmaganini tushuntirish uchun.

O‘tmishdagi dalilga asoslangan bashorat

• The sky was dark. It was going to rain.Osmon qorong‘i edi. Yomg‘ir yog‘moqchi edi.
• I could see that he was going to fall.Uning yiqilishini ko‘rib turgan edim.

was about to — arafasida edi

was / were about to + fe’l — o‘tmishda biror ish endi, bir zumda bo‘lish arafasida edi. Ko‘pincha when bilan — boshqa voqea uni bo‘ldi.

• We were about to leave when it started raining.Ketmoqchi bo‘lib turganimizda yomg‘ir boshlandi.
• I was about to call you when you rang.Siz qo‘ng‘iroq qilganingizda men endi sizga qo‘ng‘iroq qilmoqchi edim.
• The film was about to start, so we ran in.Film endi boshlanmoqchi edi, shuning uchun yugurib kirdik.
• She was just about to give up when she found the answer.U endi taslim bo‘lmoqchi edi, shunda javobni topdi.

just qo‘shilsa — “aynan endi” ma’nosi kuchayadi: I was just about to...

was to — taqdir va rasmiy reja

was / were to + fe’l — ikki ma’no:

1. Taqdir — keyin haqiqatda sodir bo‘lgan (adabiy uslub);
2. Rasmiy reja — kelishilgan yoki belgilangan edi.

• He was to become a famous writer.U keyinchalik mashhur yozuvchi bo‘ldi. (taqdir)
• It was to be their last meeting.Bu ularning oxirgi uchrashuvi bo‘lishi kerak edi. (taqdir)
• The president was to visit the factory on Monday.Prezident dushanba kuni zavodga tashrif buyurishi kerak edi. (rasmiy reja)

was to have + V3 — bajarilmagan reja

was / were to have + V3 — reja bor edi, lekin u amalga oshmadi.

• We were to have met at 8, but he didn’t come.Soat 8 da uchrashishimiz kerak edi, lekin u kelmadi.
• The wedding was to have taken place in June.To‘y iyunda bo‘lishi kerak edi. (bo‘lmadi)

Kutilgan, ammo bo‘lmagan voqea

• She was supposed to arrive at noon.U tushda yetib kelishi kerak edi.
• The plane was due to land at 8, but it was late.Samolyot soat 8 da qo‘nishi kerak edi, lekin kechikdi.
• I was hoping to see you at the party.Sizni bazmda ko‘raman deb umid qilgandim.
• This was meant to be a surprise!Bu syurpriz bo‘lishi kerak edi!

Bosqichma-bosqich

Hozirgi rejani o‘tmishga o‘tkazamiz:

Misol: “Men unga aytmoqchi edim, lekin vaqtim bo‘lmadi.”

1. O‘tmishdagi reja, bajarilmagan → was going to.
2. but + sabab.

Misol: “U kelishini bilardim.”

1. O‘tmishdan qaralgan bashorat → would.

Misol: “Biz uxlamoqchi bo‘lib turganimizda telefon jiringladi.”

1. Arafasida + boshqa voqea bo‘ldi → were about to + when.

Bahona va tushuntirish

was going to va was about to kundalik nutqda bahona yoki tushuntirish uchun ko‘p ishlatiladi:

• I was going to tell you!Aytmoqchi edim-ku!
• I was just about to call you.Endi qo‘ng‘iroq qilmoqchi edim.
• I was going to do it tomorrow, honestly!Rostdan, ertaga qilmoqchi edim!
• — Why didn’t you buy milk? — I was going to, but the shop was closed.— Nega sut olmadingiz? — Olmoqchi edim, lekin do‘kon yopiq edi.

O‘tmishdagi kelajakning boshqa shakllari

Kelajakning barcha shakllari o‘tmishga o‘tishi mumkin:

• I knew I would be working late that night.O‘sha kechasi kechgacha ishlashimni bilardim.
• I thought I would have finished by 6.Soat 6 gacha tugatib bo‘laman deb o‘ylagandim.
• I couldn’t come because I was meeting a client.Kela olmadim, chunki mijoz bilan uchrashuvim bor edi.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: o‘tmishdan qaralgan kelajak: will → would, going to → was going to, about to → was about to. was going to — ko‘pincha bajarilmagan reja.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Hayot hikoyasi

When I was eighteen, I was going to study medicine. My parents believed I would be a great doctor. But in my first year I discovered photography, and I knew my life would change. I was about to leave university when a professor offered me a job as his assistant. At that moment I didn’t know that this job was to change everything. Ten years later, I would open my own studio in Tashkent.

Kechikish haqida

• — You were supposed to be here at 7!— Siz bu yerda soat 7 da bo‘lishingiz kerak edi!
• — I know, I’m sorry. I was going to take the metro, but it was closed.— Bilaman, kechirasiz. Metroda kelmoqchi edim, lekin u yopiq edi.
• — Why didn’t you call?— Nega qo‘ng‘iroq qilmadingiz?
• — I was just about to call you when my phone died!— Endi sizga qo‘ng‘iroq qilmoqchi edim, shunda telefonim o‘chib qoldi!
• — Well, I thought you would forget again.— Mayli, yana unutasiz deb o‘ylagandim.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. I ___ (go) to the party, but I felt ill. (reja) → was going to go
2. She said she ___ (help) me tomorrow. → would help
3. We ___ (leave) when the guests arrived. (arafasida) → were about to leave
4. Nobody knew that he ___ (become) president. (taqdir) → would become / was to become
5. Sizga yozmoqchi edim, lekin manzilingizni yo‘qotdim. → I was going to write to you, but I lost your address.
6. U ertaga kelishini aytdi. → She said she would come the next day.
7. Poyezd soat 5 da jo‘nashi kerak edi. → The train was due to leave at 5.
8. Xatoni toping: I thought you will like it. → I thought you would like it.

Qisqa xulosa

• O‘tmishdagi kelajak — o‘tmishdagi paytdan qaralgan kelajak.
• will → would: I knew she would succeed.
• going to → was going to: reja, ko‘pincha bajarilmagan (+ but).
• about to → was about to: arafasida edi (+ when).
• was to — taqdir yoki rasmiy reja; was to have + V3 — bajarilmagan reja.
• was supposed to, was due to, was hoping to — kutilgan, lekin bo‘lmagan.
• Bahona: I was going to tell you! I was just about to call you.