Past Perfect Continuous

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Past Perfect Continuous — o‘tmishdagi biror paytgacha davom etib kelgan jarayon. Tasavvur qiling: siz bekatda ikki soat kutdingiz, keyin avtobus keldi. Avtobus kelgan o‘sha paytga kelib kutish ikki soatdan beri davom etayotgan edi.

• I had been waiting for two hours when the bus came.Avtobus kelganida ikki soatdan beri kutayotgan edim.

Bu zamon — Present Perfect Continuous’ning o‘tmishdagi nusxasi:

• I’ve been waiting for two hours.Ikki soatdan beri kutyapman. (hozirgacha)
• I had been waiting for two hours.Ikki soatdan beri kutayotgan edim. (o‘tmishdagi bir paytgacha)

O‘zbekchada bu ko‘pincha -ayotgan edim + “...dan beri” yoki -gan edi bilan aytiladi: ikki soatdan beri kutayotgan edim, u kun bo‘yi ishlagan edi.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. Past Perfect Continuous qanday tuziladi.
2. O‘tmishdagi nuqtagacha davom etgan jarayon.
3. Sabab va ko‘rinadigan natija.
4. Past Perfect bilan farqi.
5. Present Perfect Continuous bilan solishtirish.
6. Holat fe’llari va eng ko‘p xatolar.

Qanday tuziladi?

Hamma shaxs uchun bir xil: had been + fe’l-ing.

• I had been waiting for an hour when the bus came.Avtobus kelganida bir soatdan beri kutayotgan edim.
• She was tired because she had been working all day.U kun bo‘yi ishlagani uchun charchagan edi.
• How long had you been living there before you moved?Ko‘chib ketishdan oldin u yerda qancha yashagan edingiz?
• They hadn’t been talking for long when the phone rang.Telefon jiringlaganda ular uzoq gaplashmagan edi.

1-vazifa: o‘tmishdagi nuqtagacha davom etgan jarayon

O‘tmishdagi bir voqeagacha (Past Simple bilan aytiladi) uzoq davom etib kelgan ish. Davomiylik for, since, all day, how long bilan ko‘rsatiladi.

• I had been working there for five years when I got the promotion.Lavozim oshirilganida u yerda besh yildan beri ishlayotgan edim.
• They had been dating since 2018 before they got married.Ular turmush qurishdan oldin 2018-yildan beri uchrashib yurgan edi.
• We had been driving for six hours when we finally reached Khiva.Xivaga nihoyat yetib kelganimizda olti soatdan beri yo‘lda edik.
• She had been learning English for ten years before she moved to London.U Londonga ko‘chishdan oldin o‘n yil ingliz tilini o‘rgangan edi.

Vaqt chizig‘i

Jarayon o‘tmishdagi nuqtadan oldin boshlangan va o‘sha nuqtagacha (yoki unga yaqin paytgacha) davom etgan.

2-vazifa: sabab va ko‘rinadigan natija

O‘tmishdagi holatning sababini tushuntiradi: nega u holat shunday bo‘lgan? Ko‘pincha ko‘rinib turgan iz bilan bog‘liq.

• The ground was wet. It had been raining.Yer ho‘l edi. Yomg‘ir yog‘gan edi.
• His eyes were red because he had been crying.Ko‘zlari qizargan edi, chunki u yig‘lagan edi.
• She was out of breath because she had been running.U hansirayotgan edi, chunki yugurgan edi.
• Their clothes were dirty. They had been playing football.Kiyimlari iflos edi. Ular futbol o‘ynagan edi.
• I had a headache because I had been working on the computer all day.Boshim og‘riyotgan edi, chunki kun bo‘yi kompyuterda ishlagan edim.

Past Perfect bilan farqi

Bu ikki zamon juda o‘xshash. Farqi — natija yoki jarayon.

• He had read three chapters by lunchtime.Tushlikkacha u uchta bobni o‘qib chiqqan edi. (natija, son)
• He had been reading all morning.U butun ertalab o‘qigan edi. (jarayon, vaqt)
• I had cooked dinner when they arrived.Ular kelganda kechki ovqatni pishirib bo‘lgan edim. (tayyor)
• I had been cooking for two hours when they arrived.Ular kelganda ikki soatdan beri ovqat pishirayotgan edim. (jarayon)

Present Perfect Continuous bilan solishtiring

Ikki zamon bir xil tuzilishga ega — farqi faqat qarash nuqtasida: hozir yoki o‘tmishdagi bir payt.

• I have been working all day. I’m tired.Kun bo‘yi ishlayapman. Charchadim. (hozirgacha)
• I had been working all day. I was tired.Kun bo‘yi ishlagan edim. Charchagan edim. (o‘sha paytgacha)
• She’s been crying. Her eyes are red.U yig‘layapti / yig‘lagan. Ko‘zlari qizargan. (hozir)
• She’d been crying. Her eyes were red.U yig‘lagan edi. Ko‘zlari qizargan edi. (o‘tmishda)

Inkor va savol

• I hadn’t been sleeping well for weeks.Haftalar davomida yaxshi uxlay olmayotgan edim.
• They hadn’t been waiting long when the doors opened.Eshiklar ochilganda ular uzoq kutmagan edi.
• Had you been working there long?U yerda uzoq ishlaganmidingiz?
• How long had she been studying before the exam?U imtihondan oldin qancha vaqt o‘qigan edi?
• What had they been doing?Ular nima qilgan edi?

Bosqichma-bosqich

Misol: “U kelganda, men bir soatdan beri kutayotgan edim.”

1. Qaysi voqea oxirgi nuqta? U keldi → he came (Past Simple).
2. Undan oldingi jarayon: kutayotgan edim.
3. Shakl: had been waiting.
4. Davomiylik: for an hour.

Misol: “Ular charchagan edi, chunki tun bo‘yi raqs tushgan edi.”

1. O‘tmishdagi holat: charchagan edi → were tired (Past Simple).
2. Sabab — oldingi jarayon: tun bo‘yi raqs tushgan → had been dancing all night.

Misol: “Yangi ishga o‘tishdan oldin u yerda qancha ishlagan edingiz?”

1. Savol: How long + had + you + been working.
2. O‘tmishdagi nuqta: before you changed jobs.

Holat fe’llari

know, like, want, believe, understand, own, be kabi holat fe’llari bu zamonda ishlatilmaydi. Ularda Past Perfect ishlatiladi.

• I had known her for years.Uni yillardan beri tanir edim. (had been knowing emas)
• She had wanted to visit Japan since childhood.U bolaligidan Yaponiyaga borishni xohlagan edi.
• They had been married for 30 years.Ular 30 yil turmush qurgan edi.

Hikoyada

Past Perfect Continuous hikoyalarda juda kerak — u fon va sabab beradi.

Malika opened the door. Her mother was sitting at the table. She had been waiting for hours. Her face was pale — she had been worrying all night. "Where have you been?" she asked. Malika explained that her phone had died and she had been looking for a taxi for two hours.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: had been + -ing — o‘tmishdagi nuqtagacha davom etgan jarayon yoki o‘tmishdagi holatning sababi.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Ishdan ketish haqida

• — Why did you leave your old job?— Eski ishingizdan nega ketdingiz?
• — I’d been working there for seven years and I was bored.— U yerda yetti yildan beri ishlayotgan edim va zerikib qolgan edim.
• — Had you been looking for a new job for long?— Yangi ishni uzoq qidirganmidingiz?
• — Not really. A friend had been telling me about this company for months.— Unchalik emas. Bir do‘stim bu kompaniya haqida oylar davomida gapirib yurgan edi.
• — And you finally decided to apply.— Va nihoyat ariza topshirishga qaror qildingiz.
• — Exactly!— Aynan!

Kichik hikoya

When the plane finally landed in Tashkent, I was exhausted. I had been travelling for almost 20 hours. I had been sitting in airports and planes since the morning of the previous day. My family had been waiting for me at the airport for three hours because the flight was late. When I saw my mother, she started crying. She hadn’t seen me for two years.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. I ___ (wait) for 30 minutes when the train arrived. → had been waiting
2. She was tired because she ___ (study) all night. → had been studying
3. How long ___ they ___ (live) in Bukhara before they moved? → had / been living
4. I ___ (know) him for years before we became friends. → had known
5. Yer ho‘l edi — yomg‘ir yog‘gan edi. → The ground was wet — it had been raining.
6. U kelganda biz ikki soatdan beri gaplashayotgan edik. → We had been talking for two hours when she came.
7. Ko‘zlari qizargan edi, chunki u yig‘lagan edi. → Her eyes were red because she had been crying.
8. Xatoni toping: I had been knowing her for ten years. → I had known her for ten years.

Qisqa xulosa

• Tuzilishi: had been + fe’l-ing (hamma shaxs uchun).
• O‘tmishdagi nuqtagacha davom etgan jarayon: I had been waiting for an hour when the bus came.
• O‘tmishdagi holatning sababi yoki izi: The ground was wet — it had been raining.
• Jarayon, vaqt — Perfect Continuous; natija, son — Past Perfect.
• for, since, all day, how long bilan.
• know, like, want kabi holat fe’llari bilan ishlatilmaydi.
• have been + -ing (hozirgacha) ↔ had been + -ing (o‘tmishdagi nuqtagacha).