Prepositions of Place

Oddiy qilib aytganda

O‘zbekchada joyni qo‘shimcha bilan aytamiz: stolda, uyga, maktabdan, quti ichida. Inglizchada esa alohida so‘z — predlog ishlatiladi va u otdan oldin turadi: on the table, to the house, from school, in the box.

Ya’ni o‘zbekchadagi qo‘shimcha so‘z oxiridan olinib, so‘z boshiga o‘tadi:

• stolda → on the tableqo‘shimcha → predlog
• uyga → to the houseqo‘shimcha → predlog
• maktabdan → from schoolqo‘shimcha → predlog

Eng muhim uchta predlog — in, on, at. Ularni kattadan kichikka tasavvur qiling:

• in — ichida: quti, xona, shahar, davlat (hamma tomondan o‘ralgan);
• on — ustida: stol, devor, pol (sirtga tegib turibdi);
• at — aniq nuqta: bekat, eshik oldi, manzil (xaritadagi nuqta).

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. in, on, at farqi va qachon qaysi biri ishlatiladi.
2. Joyni aniq ko‘rsatadigan predloglar: under, behind, between, opposite.
3. Harakat predloglari: to, from, into, out of, through.
4. Transportda: in a car, on a bus, by bus.
5. Tayyor iboralar: at home, in bed, on the left.
6. Eng ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar.

in, on, at farqi

in — ichida

Narsa hamma tomondan o‘ralgan joyda bo‘lsa. Katta hududlar (shahar, davlat, qit’a) ham in bilan.

• The keys are in my bag.Kalitlar sumkamda.
• There is milk in the fridge.Muzlatgichda sut bor.
• My parents live in Fergana.Ota-onam Farg‘onada yashaydi.
• Samarkand is in Uzbekistan.Samarqand O‘zbekistonda.
• The children are playing in the garden.Bolalar bog‘da o‘ynayapti.
• There’s a photo in the newspaper.Gazetada surat bor.

on — ustida

Narsa sirtga tegib turgan bo‘lsa: ustida, devorda, polda. Ko‘cha va qavatlar ham on bilan.

• The book is on the table.Kitob stol ustida.
• There is a picture on the wall.Devorda rasm bor.
• Don’t sit on the floor.Polda o‘tirmang.
• We live on the fifth floor.Biz beshinchi qavatda yashaymiz.
• The bank is on Amir Temur Street.Bank Amir Temur ko‘chasida.
• I saw it on TV / on the internet.Buni televizorda / internetda ko‘rdim.

at — aniq nuqtada

Biror joy nuqta sifatida, ko‘pincha vazifasi bilan bog‘liq: bekatda, ishda, shifokorda. To‘liq manzil (uy raqami bilan) ham at.

• I’ll wait for you at the bus stop.Sizni bekatda kutaman.
• She is at work.U ishda.
• There’s someone at the door.Eshik oldida kimdir bor.
• We met at a party.Biz bir bazmda tanishdik.
• I live at 25 Navoi Street.Men Navoiy ko‘chasi, 25-uyda yashayman.
• Turn left at the traffic lights.Svetoforda chapga buriling.

Manzil uchun uchta predlog

Bu juda qulay misol: manzil qanchalik aniq bo‘lsa, predlog ham shunchalik “kichrayadi”.

Bir joy, turli predlog

Bitta joy bilan turli predlog kelishi mumkin — ma’no o‘zgaradi.

• She is at school.U maktabda. (o‘quvchi sifatida, o‘qiyapti)
• The cat is in the school.Mushuk maktab binosi ichida.
• There is a flag on the school.Maktab ustida bayroq bor.
• We are at the cinema.Biz kinodamiz. (film ko‘ryapmiz)
• It’s cold in the cinema.Kinoteatr ichida sovuq. (bino ichi)

at — joyning vazifasi (o‘qish, film ko‘rish), in — joyning ichi (bino sifatida).

Joyni aniq ko‘rsatadigan predloglar

under — ostida, above / over — tepasida

• The cat is under the bed.Mushuk karavot ostida.
• My shoes are under the chair.Tuflilarim stul ostida.
• There is a clock above the door.Eshik tepasida soat bor.
• The plane flew over the city.Samolyot shahar ustidan uchib o‘tdi.

above — tepada (tegmasdan), over — tepada yoki ustidan o‘tib (harakat bilan ham).

next to, beside, near — yonida, yaqinida

• The pharmacy is next to the bank.Dorixona bank yonida.
• Come and sit beside me.Kelib yonimga o‘tir.
• We live near the park.Biz bog‘ yaqinida yashaymiz.

next to — yonma-yon, near — yaqinida (bir oz uzoqroq bo‘lishi mumkin). Near dan keyin to qo‘yilmaydi: near the park (near to the park emas).

between va among — orasida

• The cafe is between the bank and the post office.Kafe bank va pochta orasida.
• I sat between my mother and my father.Onam va otam orasida o‘tirdim.
• There is a small house among the trees.Daraxtlar orasida kichik uy bor.

behind, in front of, opposite

• The car park is behind the supermarket.Avtoturargoh supermarket orqasida.
• Let’s meet in front of the cinema.Kinoteatr oldida uchrashaylik.
• The hotel is opposite the station.Mehmonxona vokzal qarshisida.

in front of va opposite farqi: in front of — siz bilan bir tomonda, oldida. Opposite — yuzma-yuz, ko‘chaning narigi tomonida.

Harakat predloglari

Yuqoridagi predloglar joyni ko‘rsatadi (qayerda?). Quyidagilari esa harakat yo‘nalishini (qayerga? qayerdan?).

• I go to school by bus.Maktabga avtobusda boraman.
• She came from Bukhara.U Buxorodan keldi.
• He went into the room.U xonaga kirdi.
• The cat jumped out of the box.Mushuk qutidan sakrab chiqdi.
• We walked through the park.Bog‘ orqali o‘tdik.
• Be careful when you go across the road.Yo‘ldan o‘tayotganda ehtiyot bo‘ling.
• They walked along the river.Ular daryo bo‘ylab sayr qilishdi.

to va at

To — harakat yo‘nalishi (qayerga?), at — turgan joy (qayerda?).

• I go to work.Ishga boraman. (harakat)
• I am at work.Ishdaman. (turibman)
• She is going to the bank.U bankka ketyapti.
• She is at the bank.U bankda.

home bilan to qo‘yilmaydi: go home, lekin be at home.

Transport

• in a car, in a taximashinada, taksida
• on a bus, on a train, on a planeavtobusda, poyezdda, samolyotda
• by car, by busmashina bilan, avtobus bilan (usul)
• I go to work by metro.Ishga metroda boraman.
• She is on the bus now.U hozir avtobusda.
• on a bike, on a horsevelosipedda, otda

Kirish va chiqish: get in / get out of a car, taxi; get on / get off a bus, train, plane.

Tayyor iboralar

Bu iboralarni yodlash kerak, chunki ular qoidaga to‘liq bo‘ysunmaydi.

• I stayed at home all day.Kun bo‘yi uyda qoldim.
• He is still in bed.U hali ham to‘shakda (yotibdi).
• The toilet is on the left.Hojatxona chap tomonda.
• Look at the picture on page 10.10-betdagi rasmga qarang.
• Who is the man in the photo?Suratdagi odam kim?

Bosqichma-bosqich

Predlog tanlash uchun o‘zingizga savol bering.

1. Harakatmi yoki turishmi? Harakat bo‘lsa → to, from, into, through...
2. Narsa biror narsaning ichidami? → in the bag, in the car
3. Sirtga tegib turibdimi? → on the wall, on the floor
4. Aniq nuqtada, vazifasi bilan bog‘liqmi? → at the bus stop, at the doctor’s
5. Boshqa narsaga nisbatan qayerda? → under, behind, next to, between...

Misol: “Kalitlar stol ustidagi sumka ichida.”

1. Kalitlar sumka ichida → in the bag.
2. Sumka stol ustida → on the table.

Misol: “Dorixona bank va pochta orasida, bekat qarshisida.”

1. Ikki narsa orasida → between ... and ...
2. Qarshisida → opposite.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: in — ichida, on — ustida, at — nuqtada. Harakat — to, turish — at.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Yo‘l so‘rash

• — Excuse me, where is the post office?— Kechirasiz, pochta qayerda?
• — It’s on Mustaqillik Street, next to the bank.— Mustaqillik ko‘chasida, bank yonida.
• — Is it far?— Uzoqmi?
• — No. Walk along this street, then turn right at the traffic lights. It’s opposite the park.— Yo‘q. Shu ko‘cha bo‘ylab yuring, keyin svetoforda o‘ngga buriling. U bog‘ qarshisida.

Xonani tasvirlash

My room is small but cosy. My bed is next to the window. There is a desk in front of the bed. My laptop is on the desk and my books are on the shelf above it. My bag is under the desk. There’s a big carpet on the floor and a photo of my family on the wall.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. My father works ___ a bank. → in (bino ichida) yoki at (ish joyi sifatida)
2. The picture is ___ the wall. → on
3. We live ___ Andijan. → in
4. Wait for me ___ the bus stop. → at
5. The cat is ___ the sofa (ostida). → under
6. I usually go to work ___ bus. → by
7. She went ___ the shop (ichiga). → into
8. My flat is ___ the second floor. → on

Qisqa xulosa

• Predlog otdan oldin turadi: stolda → on the table.
• in — ichida (xona, shahar, davlat), on — ustida (sirt, ko‘cha, qavat), at — aniq nuqtada (bekat, ish, manzil).
• Joy: under, above, next to, near, between, among, behind, in front of, opposite.
• Harakat: to, from, into, out of, through, across, along.
• Harakat to, turish at; lekin go home, at home.
• Transport: in a car, on a bus, by bus, on foot.
• at home, at work, in bed, on the left — tayyor iboralar.