Future Forms

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Kelajak hali bo‘lmagan, shuning uchun inglizlar uni turlicha ko‘radi: bu rejami, jadvalmi, fikrmi yoki belgisi bormi? O‘zbekchada “boraman” bitta shakl bilan aytiladi. Inglizchada esa gapiruvchining kelajakka munosabatiga qarab bir nechta shakldan biri tanlanadi.

• The train leaves at 6.Poyezd 6 da jo‘naydi. (jadval)
• I’m leaving at 6.6 da ketyapman. (kelishilgan, chipta bor)
• I’m going to leave at 6.6 da ketmoqchiman. (niyat)
• OK, I’ll leave at 6, then.Mayli, unda 6 da ketaman. (hozir qaror qildim)

To‘rt gap — to‘rt xil manba: jadval, kelishuv, niyat, hozirgi qaror. Tanlovni aniqlash uchun bitta savol bering: “Bu kelajak qaysi manbadan kelyapti?”

Tanlov vaqtga emas, gapiruvchining qarashiga bog‘liq.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. Kelajakning to‘rtta asosiy shakli va ularning farqi.
2. Bashorat: will yoki going to.
3. Future Continuous va Future Perfect qachon kerak.
4. Rasmiy va maxsus shakllar: be about to, be due to, be to.
5. Ehtimol iboralari: be bound to, be likely to.
6. Tanlash daraxti va eng ko‘p xatolar.

1. will — hozirgi qaror, va’da, fikr

• — The phone’s ringing. — I’ll get it.— Telefon jiringlayapti. — Men olaman. (hozir qaror)
• I will always love you.Seni doim sevaman. (va’da)
• I think it will rain tomorrow.Menimcha, ertaga yomg‘ir yog‘adi. (fikr)
• — I’m cold. — I’ll close the window.— Sovqotyapman. — Derazani yopaman. (taklif)

2. be going to — niyat va dalil

• I’m going to apply for that job.O‘sha ishga ariza topshirmoqchiman. (oldindan niyat)
• We’re going to paint the house this summer.Bu yoz uyni bo‘yamoqchimiz.
• Look at those clouds! It’s going to rain.Anavi bulutlarga qarang! Yomg‘ir yog‘adi. (dalil)

3. Present Continuous — kelishilgan reja

Aniq vaqt va joy belgilangan, ko‘pincha boshqa odamlar bilan kelishilgan reja. Kundalik rejangizda yozilgan narsa.

• I’m seeing the dentist on Tuesday.Seshanbada tish shifokoriga boraman. (navbat olingan)
• We’re flying to Istanbul on Monday.Dushanba kuni Istanbulga uchamiz. (chipta olingan)
• What are you doing tonight?Bugun kechqurun nima qilyapsiz? (rejangiz qanday)
• She’s getting married in June.U iyunda turmushga chiqyapti.

going to va Present Continuous

• I’m going to visit my aunt.Ammamnikiga bormoqchiman. (niyat, hali kelishilmagan)
• I’m visiting my aunt on Sunday.Yakshanba kuni ammamnikiga boraman. (kelishilgan, u kutyapti)

4. Present Simple — jadval

Rasmiy jadvallar, dasturlar, taqvimlar: transport, kino, darslar, do‘kon ish vaqti.

• The film starts at 8.Film soat 8 da boshlanadi.
• The train leaves at 6:15.Poyezd 6:15 da jo‘naydi.
• The conference begins on 3 May.Konferensiya 3-mayda boshlanadi.
• What time does the shop open tomorrow?Ertaga do‘kon soat nechada ochiladi?

Shaxsiy rejalar uchun Present Simple ishlatilmaydi: I meet my friend tomorrow — xato. To‘g‘ri: I’m meeting my friend tomorrow.

5. Future Continuous va Future Perfect

• This time tomorrow I’ll be lying on a beach.Ertaga shu paytda plyajda yotgan bo‘laman. (kelajakdagi jarayon)
• I’ll be passing the shop anyway.Baribir do‘kon yonidan o‘taman. (odatiy yo‘nalish)
• Will you be using the car tonight?Bugun kechqurun mashinadan foydalanasizmi? (muloyim savol)
• By Friday I’ll have finished the report.Jumagacha hisobotni tugatib bo‘laman. (muddat)

Bashorat: will yoki going to?

Ikkalasi ham kelajak haqida bashorat qiladi, lekin asos farq qiladi.

• It will be cold tomorrow, I think.Ertaga sovuq bo‘ladi, deb o‘ylayman. (fikr)
• Look at the sky, it’s going to snow.Osmonga qarang, qor yog‘adi. (dalil bor)
• I’m sure Uzbekistan will win.Aminmanki, O‘zbekiston yutadi. (fikr)
• They’re 3–0 up. They’re going to win.Ular 3:0 hisobida oldinda. Yutishadi. (dalil)

Rasmiy va maxsus shakllar

B2 darajasida kelajakni ifodalashning yana bir nechta muhim usuli bor. Ular ayniqsa yangiliklar, rasmiy matnlar va imtihonlarda uchraydi.

be about to — arafasida

Ish hozir, bir zumda bo‘lish arafasida.

• Hurry up! The train is about to leave.Shoshiling! Poyezd hozir jo‘naydi.
• I was about to call you when you rang.Siz qo‘ng‘iroq qilganingizda men endi sizga qo‘ng‘iroq qilmoqchi edim.
• Sit down — the film is about to start.O‘tiring — film hozir boshlanadi.

be due to — belgilangan vaqt

• The plane is due to land at 10:30.Samolyot 10:30 da qo‘nishi kerak.
• The baby is due in March.Chaqaloq martda tug‘ilishi kutilyapti.
• The new law is due to come into force next year.Yangi qonun kelasi yil kuchga kirishi kerak.

be to — rasmiy reja

Asosan yangiliklar va rasmiy matnlarda.

• The President is to visit Samarkand next week.Prezident kelasi hafta Samarqandga tashrif buyuradi.
• The conference is to be held in Tashkent.Konferensiya Toshkentda o‘tkaziladi.
• You are to report to the manager at 9.Soat 9 da menejerga hisobot berishingiz kerak. (ko‘rsatma)

Yangilik sarlavhalarida fe’l ham tushib qoladi: President to visit Tashkent. (= The President is to visit Tashkent.)

be bound to va be likely to

• Don’t worry, she’s bound to pass. She’s very clever.Xavotir olmang, u albatta o‘tadi. U juda aqlli.
• It’s bound to rain — it always rains on holidays.Albatta yomg‘ir yog‘adi — bayramlarda doim yog‘adi.
• Prices are likely to rise next year.Kelasi yil narxlar oshishi ehtimoli katta.
• He is unlikely to come.Uning kelishi dargumon.

Bosqichma-bosqich

Bir fikrni turli shaklda ko‘ring:

• The train leaves at 6.Poyezd 6 da jo‘naydi. (rasmiy jadval)
• I’m leaving at 6.Men 6 da ketyapman. (chipta olingan, kelishilgan)
• I’m going to leave at 6.Men 6 da ketmoqchiman. (niyat)
• I’ll leave at 6, then.Unda 6 da ketaman. (hozir qaror qildim)
• I’ll be leaving at 6.Men 6 da ketayotgan bo‘laman. (oddiy kechish)
• I’m about to leave.Hozir ketyapman. (bir zumda)

Tanlash daraxti

1. Rasmiy jadvalmi? → Present Simple.
2. Boshqa odam bilan kelishilganmi? → Present Continuous.
3. Oldindan niyat qilinganmi? → be going to.
4. Hozir qaror qilindimi yoki fikrmi? → will.
5. Bir zumda bo‘ladimi? → be about to.
6. Kelajakdagi muddatgacha tugaydimi? → will have + V3.

Misol: “Ertaga ertalab shifokorga boraman.” (navbat olingan)

1. Kelishilgan reja (navbat bor) → Present Continuous.

Misol: “Konsert soat 7 da boshlanadi.”

1. Rasmiy jadval → Present Simple.

Misol: “Ehtiyot bo‘ling! Stakan tushib ketadi!”

1. Ko‘rinib turgan dalil → be going to.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: jadval — Present Simple, kelishuv — Present Continuous, niyat va dalil — going to, hozirgi qaror va fikr — will.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Ish safari rejasi

• — When are you leaving for Moscow?— Moskvaga qachon jo‘nayapsiz?
• — On Thursday. My flight leaves at 7 am.— Payshanba kuni. Reysim ertalab 7 da.
• — Are you going to visit the new office?— Yangi ofisga borishni rejalashtiryapsizmi?
• — Yes, I’m meeting the director on Friday.— Ha, juma kuni direktor bilan uchrashaman.
• — Great. I think it will be a useful trip.— Ajoyib. Menimcha, foydali safar bo‘ladi.
• — I hope so. The new contract is due to be signed next month.— Umid qilaman. Yangi shartnoma kelasi oy imzolanishi kerak.

Yangiliklar

The President is to visit Bukhara next week. The visit is due to start on Monday. A new airport terminal is about to open in the city, and the President is likely to attend the opening ceremony. Thousands of people are expected to come. The weather forecast says it will be sunny.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. The bus ___ (leave) at 8:30 tomorrow. (jadval) → leaves
2. I ___ (have) dinner with Ali on Friday. (kelishilgan) → am having
3. — I’m hungry. — I ___ (make) you a sandwich. (hozir qaror) → ’ll make
4. Look at him! He ___ (fall) off his bike! → is going to fall
5. Shoshiling, dars hozir boshlanadi! → Hurry up, the lesson is about to start!
6. Samolyot soat 15:00 da qo‘nishi kerak. → The plane is due to land at 3 pm.
7. U albatta g‘alaba qozonadi. → She’s bound to win.
8. Xatoni toping: What do you do this weekend? → What are you doing this weekend?

Qisqa xulosa

• Jadval — Present Simple: The film starts at 8.
• Kelishuv — Present Continuous: I’m meeting him tomorrow.
• Niyat va dalil — be going to: I’m going to apply. It’s going to rain.
• Hozirgi qaror, va’da, fikr — will: I’ll get it. I think it will rain.
• Kelajakdagi jarayon — will be + -ing; muddat — will have + V3.
• be about to — arafasida, be due to — belgilangan vaqt, be to — rasmiy reja.
• be bound to — albatta, be likely to — ehtimoli katta.