Advanced Verb Patterns

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Har bir fe’l o‘ziga xos “sxema” (qolip) bilan keladi. Masalan:

• want odamdan keyin to talab qiladi: I want you to come;
• make — to talab qilmaydi: She made me wait;
• suggest — umuman boshqa yo‘l bilan ishlaydi: He suggested going / that we go.

• My parents want me to study.Ota-onam o‘qishimni xohlaydi.
• The teacher made us stay after class.O‘qituvchi bizni darsdan keyin qoldirdi.
• She suggested going to the cinema.U kinoga borishni taklif qildi.

Bu sxemalarni bilish xatolarning katta qismini yo‘qotadi. O‘zbekchada bunday farq yo‘q, chunki biz hammasini qo‘shimchalar bilan yasaymiz: o‘qishimni xohlaydi, kutishga majbur qildi, borishni taklif qildi. Shuning uchun fe’llarni qolipi bilan birga yodlang: want someone to do something.

A2 va B1 darajalarida fe’l + to va fe’l + -ing qoliplarini o‘rgandik. Endi murakkabroq qoliplarni — odam va predlog bilan — o‘rganamiz.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. fe’l + kim + to + fe’l.
2. make, let, help — to siz.
3. Sezgi fe’llari: see him cross / see him crossing.
4. fe’l + predlog + -ing.
5. fe’l + kim + predlog + -ing.
6. suggest, explain va tez-tez adashtiriladigan juftliklar.

1. fe’l + kim + to + fe’l

Bu fe’llardan keyin odam va to + fe’l keladi. O‘zbekchada bu “...ishini / ...ishni + fe’l” ga to‘g‘ri keladi.

• My parents want me to study.Ota-onam o‘qishimni xohlaydi.
• She reminded me to call.U qo‘ng‘iroq qilishimni eslatdi.
• The doctor advised me to drink more water.Shifokor menga ko‘proq suv ichishni maslahat berdi.
• I expect you to finish this by Friday.Buni jumagacha tugatishingizni kutaman.

I want that you help me — xato. Bu o‘zbekcha “...ishingizni xohlayman” dan kelib chiqadi. To‘g‘ri: I want you to help me.

Inkor: not to

• They warned us not to swim there.Ular bizni u yerda suzmaslik haqida ogohlantirishdi.
• She asked me not to tell anyone.U hech kimga aytmasligimni so‘radi.

2. make, let, help — to siz

Bu uchta fe’ldan keyin odam + fe’lning asosiy shakli (to yo‘q).

• The teacher made us stay after class.O‘qituvchi bizni darsdan keyin qoldirdi.
• Sad films make me cry.G‘amgin filmlar meni yig‘latadi.
• My parents let me go to the party.Ota-onam bazmga borishimga ruxsat berishdi.
• Let me help you.Sizga yordam beray.
• She helped me (to) move house.U uyni ko‘chirishimga yordam berdi.

help dan keyin to — ixtiyoriy: ikkalasi ham to‘g‘ri.

Majhul shaklda farq

Faol shaklda make dan keyin to kelmaydi, majhul shaklda esa keladi.

• They made him work.Uni ishlashga majbur qilishdi. (faol — to yo‘q)
• He was made to work.U ishlashga majbur qilindi. (majhul — to bor)

let ning majhul shakli yo‘q — be allowed to ishlatiladi: We were allowed to leave.

3. Sezgi fe’llari: asosiy shakl yoki -ing

see, hear, feel, watch, notice dan keyin odam va fe’l ikki xil shaklda kelishi mumkin. Ma’no farq qiladi:

• I saw him cross the road.Uning ko‘chani kesib o‘tganini ko‘rdim. (butun ish)
• I saw him crossing the road.Uni ko‘chani kesib o‘tayotganda ko‘rdim. (ish o‘rtasida)
• I heard her sing a song.Uning qo‘shiq kuylaganini eshitdim. (butun qo‘shiq)
• I heard her singing in the shower.Uning dushda kuylayotganini eshitdim. (bir qismini)
• I felt something touch my arm.Nimadir qo‘limga tekkanini sezdim. (bir lahzalik)
• We watched the children playing in the park.Bolalarning bog‘da o‘ynayotganini tomosha qildik.

4. fe’l + predlog + -ing

Ko‘p fe’llar predlog bilan keladi. Predlogdan keyin esa fe’l doim -ing.

• He insisted on paying for dinner.U kechki ovqat uchun to‘lashni talab qildi.
• I’m thinking of changing my job.Ishimni o‘zgartirishni o‘ylayapman.
• She succeeded in finding a good flat.U yaxshi kvartira topishga muvaffaq bo‘ldi.

5. fe’l + kim + predlog + -ing

Bu fe’llarda odam va predlog + -ing keladi.

• The rain prevented us from leaving.Yomg‘ir ketishimizga to‘sqinlik qildi.
• They accused him of stealing.Uni o‘g‘irlikda ayblashdi.
• We congratulated them on getting married.Biz ularni turmush qurishganlari bilan tabrikladik.
• Thank you for inviting me.Meni taklif qilganingiz uchun rahmat.

Bosqichma-bosqich

Har bir yangi fe’lni qolip bilan yodlash yo‘li:

1. Lug‘atda fe’lning misolini toping.
2. sb (somebody — kimdir) va sth (something — nimadir) belgilari bilan yozing: remind sb to do sth.
3. O‘zingiz bir gap tuzing.

Misol: “Shifokor menga chekishni tashlashni maslahat berdi.”

1. advise → advise sb to do sth.
2. advised + me + to + stop smoking.

Misol: “Ota-onam meni har kuni uy vazifasini qilishga majbur qilardi.”

1. make → make sb do sth (to yo‘q).

Misol: “Tirbandlik bizni vaqtida yetib kelishimizga to‘sqinlik qildi.”

1. prevent → prevent sb from doing sth.

Tez-tez adashtiriladigan juftliklar

tell va say

• He told me to wait.U menga kutishni aytdi. (odam bilan)
• He said to wait.U kutishni aytdi. (odamsiz)

advise va suggest

• She advised me to rest.U dam olishni maslahat berdi.
• She suggested that I rest.U dam olishni taklif qildi.
• She suggested resting.U dam olishni taklif qildi.

suggest bilan kim + to ishlatilmaydi: She suggested me to rest — xato. To‘g‘ri: suggest + -ing yoki suggest that + gap.

explain va describe

Bu fe’llarda odam to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri kelmaydi — to kerak.

• He explained the rule to me.U menga qoidani tushuntirdi. (explained me the rule emas)
• Can you describe the man to the police?Odamni politsiyaga tasvirlab bera olasizmi?

Ikki to‘ldiruvchi

give, send, buy, show, tell, lend, offer — ikkita to‘ldiruvchi (odam va narsa) bilan keladi. Ikki tartib mumkin:

• Give me the book. / Give the book to me.Kitobni menga bering.
• Buy her a gift. / Buy a gift for her.Unga sovg‘a oling.
• Send him an email. / Send an email to him.Unga xat yuboring.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: want / ask / tell + kim + to. make / let + kim + fe’l (to yo‘q). suggest + -ing / that. Predlogdan keyin — -ing.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Yangi ishchiga maslahat

• — My manager wants me to finish the report by tomorrow.— Menejerim hisobotni ertagacha tugatishimni xohlaydi.
• — Did he let you work from home?— U sizga uydan ishlashga ruxsat berdimi?
• — No, he made me stay in the office.— Yo‘q, meni ofisda qolishga majbur qildi.
• — I suggest asking a colleague to help.— Hamkasbingizdan yordam so‘rashni taklif qilaman.
• — Good idea. I’ll remind myself to thank them later.— Yaxshi fikr. Keyin ularga rahmat aytishni o‘zimga eslataman.
• — And don’t forget — he insisted on getting it before 9.— Va unutmang — u buni soat 9 dan oldin olishni talab qildi.

Kichik matn

When I was a child, my grandfather taught me to fish. He let me use his old boat and encouraged me to try again when I failed. My mother always warned me not to go too far from the shore. One day a storm prevented us from going home, and we had to stay on a small island. I remember watching the lightning and hearing the wind howling. My grandfather made me laugh all night with his stories. I’ll never forget spending that night with him.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. My boss asked me ___ (work) late. → to work
2. The film made me ___ (cry). → cry
3. He apologised for ___ (be) rude. → being
4. They prevented him ___ (enter) the building. → from entering
5. Men sizning kelishingizni xohlayman. → I want you to come.
6. U menga bu so‘zni tushuntirdi. → She explained this word to me.
7. Uning ko‘chadan o‘tayotganini ko‘rdim. → I saw him crossing the street.
8. Xatoni toping: She suggested me to buy a new phone. → She suggested that I buy / buying a new phone.

Qisqa xulosa

• want, ask, tell, advise, expect, allow, remind, warn + kim + to + fe’l.
• make, let + kim + fe’l (to yo‘q); help + kim + (to) + fe’l.
• Majhulda: be made to, be allowed to.
• Sezgi fe’llari: see him cross (butun ish), see him crossing (jarayon).
• insist on, succeed in, apologise for, think of + -ing.
• prevent from, accuse of, congratulate on, thank for + -ing.
• suggest + -ing yoki that (kim + to emas).
• explain / describe + narsa + to + kim.