Question Tags

Oddiy qilib aytganda

O‘zbekchada gap oxiriga “...a?”, “...shunday emasmi?”, “...to‘g‘rimi?” qo‘shamiz va bu hamma gapda bir xil: Siz talabasiz, a? U keldi, shunday emasmi?

Inglizchada bu kichik qo‘shimcha savol — question tag — har bir gapga qarab o‘zgaradi. Uning vazifasi:

• fikringizni tasdiqlatish (“to‘g‘ri aytyapmanmi?”);
• suhbatni davom ettirish va muloyim ohang berish.

• You are a student, aren’t you?Siz talabasiz, shunday emasmi?
• She can swim, can’t she?U suza oladi, shunday emasmi?
• He doesn’t smoke, does he?U chekmaydi, to‘g‘rimi?

Qoida bitta va oddiy: gap bo‘lishli bo‘lsa, savol inkor; gap inkor bo‘lsa, savol bo‘lishli. Bu xuddi tarozi muvozanati kabi: bir tomoni “ha” bo‘lsa, ikkinchisi “yo‘q”.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. Question tag qanday tuziladi.
2. Barcha zamonlar va modal fe’llar bilan.
3. Yordamchisi yo‘q gaplar: do, does, did.
4. Maxsus holatlar: I am, Let’s, buyruq, there is.
5. Ohang ma’noni qanday o‘zgartiradi.
6. Javob berish va eng ko‘p xatolar.

Qanday tuziladi?

Question tag ikki qismdan iborat:

1. Yordamchi fe’l — gapdagi yordamchi fe’l (is, are, can, will, have...) takrorlanadi;
2. Olmosh — gapning egasi olmoshga aylanadi.

• Ali is your brother, isn’t he?Ali sizning akangiz, shunday emasmi? (Ali → he)
• The film was good, wasn’t it?Film yaxshi edi, to‘g‘rimi? (the film → it)
• Your parents live in Bukhara, don’t they?Ota-onangiz Buxoroda yashaydi, a? (parents → they)

Inkor savolda doim qisqa shakl ishlatiladi: isn’t, aren’t, don’t, doesn’t, didn’t, can’t, won’t, haven’t.

Zamon bo‘yicha

to be bilan

• You are tired, aren’t you?Charchadingiz, a?
• She is a doctor, isn’t she?U shifokor, shunday emasmi?
• They weren’t at home, were they?Ular uyda emas edi, to‘g‘rimi?
• It was cold yesterday, wasn’t it?Kecha sovuq edi, a?

Yordamchi fe’l bilan

• He has finished, hasn’t he?U tugatdi, shundaymi?
• You have been to London, haven’t you?Londonda bo‘lgansiz, a?
• They are watching TV, aren’t they?Ular televizor ko‘ryapti, to‘g‘rimi?

Modal fe’llar bilan

• You can swim, can’t you?Suza olasiz, a?
• She will come, won’t she?U keladi, a?
• We should go, shouldn’t we?Ketishimiz kerak, to‘g‘rimi?
• You wouldn’t do that, would you?Siz bunday qilmasdingiz, to‘g‘rimi?

Yordamchisi yo‘q gaplar

Agar gapda yordamchi fe’l bo‘lmasa (oddiy Present Simple yoki Past Simple), savolda do / does / did ishlatiladi — xuddi oddiy savoldagi kabi.

• You like tea, don’t you?Choyni yoqtirasiz, a?
• She works here, doesn’t she?U shu yerda ishlaydi, shunday emasmi?
• He doesn’t smoke, does he?U chekmaydi, to‘g‘rimi?
• They went home, didn’t they?Ular uyga ketishdi, shunday emasmi?
• You didn’t call me, did you?Siz menga qo‘ng‘iroq qilmadingiz, to‘g‘rimi?

Maxsus holatlar

Ba’zi gaplarda qoida o‘zgacha ishlaydi. Ularni yodlab oling.

• I am right, aren’t I?Men haqman, shunday emasmi?
• Let’s go, shall we?Ketdik, xo‘pmi?
• Open the door, will you?Eshikni oching, xo‘pmi?
• There is a bank here, isn’t there?Bu yerda bank bor, to‘g‘rimi?
• Nothing happened, did it?Hech narsa bo‘lmadi, to‘g‘rimi?
• She never eats meat, does she?U hech qachon go‘sht yemaydi, a?

never, nobody, nothing, hardly — o‘zi inkor ma’noli so‘zlar. Shuning uchun ular bilan question tag bo‘lishli bo‘ladi.

Bosqichma-bosqich

Misol: She works here gapiga savol qo‘shamiz.

1. Egani olmosh qiling: she.
2. Yordamchi fe’lni toping: works → yordamchi yo‘q → does.
3. Gap bo‘lishli, savol inkor: doesn’t.
4. Birlashtiring: doesn’t she?

Misol: Your brother can’t drive.

1. Olmosh: your brother → he.
2. Yordamchi: can’t → can.
3. Gap inkor, savol bo‘lishli: can he?

Misol: They have already eaten.

1. Olmosh: they.
2. Yordamchi: have → haven’t.

Ohang ma’noni beradi

Bir xil question tag ikki xil ohangda aytilishi va ikki xil ma’no berishi mumkin.

• It’s a beautiful day, isn’t it? ↘Ajoyib kun, a? (bilaman, shunchaki suhbat)
• You’re coming tomorrow, aren’t you? ↗Ertaga kelasiz, to‘g‘rimi? (aniq bilmayman)

Kundalik suhbatda ob-havo, umumiy fikrlar haqida question tag ko‘pincha tushuvchi ohangda — suhbatni boshlash yoki davom ettirish uchun: Nice weather, isn’t it? Lovely party, isn’t it?

Javob

Question tag’ga javob berishda o‘zbek o‘quvchilari ko‘p xato qiladi. Inglizcha javob faktga qaraydi, savolga emas.

• Yes — fakt bo‘lishli bo‘lsa (I do, I am, I can);
• No — fakt inkor bo‘lsa (I don’t, I’m not, I can’t).

• You don’t smoke, do you? — No, I don’t.Chekmaysiz, a? — Yo‘q, chekmayman. (fakt: chekmayman)
• You don’t smoke, do you? — Yes, I do.Chekmaysiz, a? — Yo‘q, chekaman. (fakt: chekaman)
• You’re tired, aren’t you? — Yes, I am.Charchadingiz, a? — Ha, charchadim.
• You’re tired, aren’t you? — No, I’m not.Charchadingiz, a? — Yo‘q, charchamadim.

Ikkinchi javobga qarang: o‘zbekchada “yo‘q, chekaman” deymiz (savolga qarshi chiqamiz). Inglizchada esa Yes, chunki fakt bo‘lishli — men chekaman.

Oson usul: Yes / No dan keyingi qisqa javobga qarang. Yes — doim bo‘lishli (I do), No — doim inkor (I don’t). Ular hech qachon aralashmaydi: Yes, I don’t — xato.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: bo‘lishli gap + inkor tag, inkor gap + bo‘lishli tag. Yordamchi fe’l takrorlanadi, ega olmosh bo‘ladi.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Yangi hamkasb bilan

• — You’re the new designer, aren’t you?— Siz yangi dizaynersiz, shunday emasmi?
• — Yes, I am. I started yesterday.— Ha. Kecha boshladim.
• — You came from Samarkand, didn’t you?— Samarqanddan kelgansiz, to‘g‘rimi?
• — That’s right. You haven’t been there, have you?— To‘g‘ri. Siz u yerda bo‘lmagansiz, a?
• — Yes, I have! Twice. It’s beautiful, isn’t it?— Bo‘lganman! Ikki marta. Juda chiroyli, a?
• — It is! Let’s have lunch together, shall we?— Ha! Keling, birga tushlik qilaylik, xo‘pmi?

Kichik matn

Yesterday I met an old classmate at the bus stop. “You’re Kamola, aren’t you?” she asked. “Yes! And you’re Dilnoza, aren’t you?” I said. “You haven’t changed at all, have you?” she laughed. “We were in the same class at school, weren’t we?” We talked for an hour and almost missed the bus. “We’ll meet again soon, won’t we?” she asked. “Of course we will!”

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. You’re from Tashkent, ___? → aren’t you
2. She doesn’t eat meat, ___? → does she
3. They went to the party, ___? → didn’t they
4. He can speak French, ___? → can’t he
5. I’m late, ___? → aren’t I
6. Let’s start, ___? → shall we
7. Nobody called, ___? → did they
8. Xatoni toping: You like coffee, isn’t it? → You like coffee, don’t you?

Qisqa xulosa

• Bo‘lishli gap + inkor savol: You are tired, aren’t you?
• Inkor gap + bo‘lishli savol: You aren’t tired, are you?
• Yordamchi fe’l takrorlanadi, ega olmosh bo‘ladi.
• Yordamchisi yo‘q gaplarda — do / does / did.
• I am → aren’t I?, Let’s → shall we?, buyruq → will you?
• never, nobody, nothing — o‘zi inkor, tag bo‘lishli.
• Tushuvchi ohang — tasdiq, ko‘tariluvchi — haqiqiy savol.
• Javob faktga qaraydi: Yes + bo‘lishli, No + inkor.