Cleft Sentences

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Og‘zaki nutqda urg‘uni ovoz bilan beramiz: “ALI derazani sindirdi” (boshqasi emas!). Yozuvda esa ovoz yo‘q, shuning uchun urg‘u berish uchun gap qayta quriladi:

• Ali broke the window.Ali derazani sindirdi. (oddiy)
• It was Ali who broke the window.Derazani aynan Ali sindirdi. (urg‘u — Ali)
• What Ali broke was the window.Alining sindirgani — deraza. (urg‘u — deraza)

Bitta gap ikkiga “yoriladi” — inglizcha cleft “yorilgan” degani. Shundan nomi kelib chiqqan: cleft sentences (ajratilgan gaplar).

O‘zbekchada aynan so‘zi, -ku, -dir yuklamalari va so‘zni gap boshiga chiqarish shu vazifani bajaradi: Derazani aynan Ali sindirdi. Menga kerak narsa — ta’til.

Cleft gaplar ayniqsa:

• xatoni tuzatish uchun (“Men emas, Ali aytdi”);
• yangi va muhim ma’lumotni ta’kidlash uchun;
• rasmiy yozuv va insholarda ishlatiladi.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. It-cleft: It was Ali who...
2. What-cleft: What I need is...
3. Boshqa ajratilgan tuzilmalar: All I want is..., The reason why...
4. Fe’lga urg‘u: What she did was resign.
5. It wasn’t until ... that ...
6. Xatoni tuzatish va eng ko‘p xatolar.

It-cleft

It is / It was + urg‘u berilgan qism + that / who + qolgan gap.

• It was Ali who broke the window.Derazani aynan Ali sindirdi.
• It was in 2010 that we met.Biz aynan 2010-yilda tanishganmiz.
• It is his attitude that I don’t like.Menga aynan uning munosabati yoqmaydi.
• It was in Samarkand that I first saw the Registan.Registonni birinchi marta aynan Samarqandda ko‘rganman.
• It’s my mother who taught me to cook.Menga ovqat pishirishni aynan onam o‘rgatgan.

Bitta gapdan turli urg‘u

Ali broke the window yesterday gapidan uch xil urg‘uli gap qurish mumkin:

• It was Ali who broke the window.Derazani aynan Ali sindirdi. (boshqasi emas)
• It was the window that Ali broke.Ali aynan derazani sindirdi. (eshikni emas)
• It was yesterday that Ali broke it.Ali uni aynan kecha sindirdi. (bugun emas)

Zamon: It is — hozirgi yoki umumiy, It was — o‘tmish. Fe’l that / who qismida o‘z zamonida qoladi.

What-cleft

What + gap + is / was + urg‘u berilgan qism. Bu tuzilma yangi va eng muhim ma’lumotni gapning oxiriga olib chiqadi — u yerda u eng kuchli eshitiladi.

• What I need is a holiday.Menga kerak bo‘lgan narsa — ta’til.
• What surprised me was his answer.Meni hayron qoldirgani — uning javobi edi.
• What I love about Bukhara is its atmosphere.Buxoroda menga yoqadigan narsa — uning muhiti.
• What we want is a fair price.Bizning xohlaganimiz — adolatli narx.
• What worries me is the cost.Meni tashvishga solayotgani — narxi.

Teskari tartib

What-cleft teskari tartibda ham bo‘lishi mumkin:

• What I need is a holiday.Menga kerak narsa — ta’til.
• A holiday is what I need.Ta’til — menga kerak narsa.

Boshqa ajratilgan tuzilmalar

What o‘rniga boshqa so‘zlar ham ishlatiladi:

• All I want is some rest.Xohlaganim faqat dam olish.
• The thing that annoys me is the noise.Meni bezovta qiladigan narsa shovqin.
• The reason why I left was the salary.Ketishimning sababi maosh edi.
• The place where we met was a small café.Uchrashgan joyimiz kichik kafe edi.
• The only thing I remember is her smile.Eslaganim faqat uning tabassumi.

All — “faqat, xolos” ma’nosini beradi: All I did was ask a question. — Men faqat savol berdim, xolos.

Fe’lga urg‘u

Harakatning o‘ziga urg‘u berish uchun What + ega + do / did + is / was + fe’l tuzilmasi ishlatiladi. Oxiridagi fe’l asosiy shaklda (yoki to bilan).

• What she did was resign.U ishdan bo‘shadi, xolos. (asosiy shakl)
• What I did was call the police.Men politsiyaga qo‘ng‘iroq qildim.
• What you should do is talk to him.Siz u bilan gaplashishingiz kerak.
• What happened was that the car broke down.Bo‘lgan voqea shu: mashina buzildi.
• What we’re going to do is wait.Biz kutamiz.

What happened was...

What happened was (that) + gap — voqeani aytib berish yoki tushuntirish uchun juda tabiiy:

• I was late. What happened was that I missed the bus.Kechikdim. Gap shundaki, avtobusdan qoldim.
• He lost his job. → What happened was that he lost his job.Bo‘lgan voqea shu: u ishini yo‘qotdi.

It wasn’t until ... that ...

“Faqat ...gandagina”, “...guncha ... emas edi” ma’nosi uchun.

• It wasn’t until 2010 that we met.Biz faqat 2010-yilda tanishganmiz.
• It wasn’t until I got home that I noticed the mistake.Faqat uyga kelgandagina xatoni payqadim.
• It was only when she left that I realised I loved her.Faqat u ketgandagina uni sevishimni angladim.

Xatoni tuzatish

Cleft gaplar noto‘g‘ri ma’lumotni tuzatish uchun juda qulay — inkor va to‘g‘ri variant birga.

• It wasn’t me who told him. It was Ali.Unga men emas, Ali aytdi.
• It isn’t the price that worries me — it’s the quality.Meni narx emas, sifat tashvishga solyapti.
• — Did you meet in Tashkent? — No, it was in Bukhara that we met.— Toshkentda tanishganmidingiz? — Yo‘q, aynan Buxoroda tanishganmiz.

Bosqichma-bosqich

Misol: Ali broke the window yesterday — Aliga urg‘u

1. Nimaga urg‘u berasiz? Ali.
2. It was + o‘sha qism: It was Ali.
3. who + qolgan gap: who broke the window yesterday.

Misol: I need help — what-cleft

1. Urg‘u: help (eng muhim ma’lumot) — oxirga.
2. What + gap: What I need.
3. is + urg‘u: is help.

Misol: She resigned — fe’lga urg‘u

1. What + she did + was + fe’l (asosiy shakl).

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: It is / was + urg‘u + that / who — ma’lum qismni ajratish. What + gap + is / was + urg‘u — muhim ma’lumot oxirida.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Ish yig‘ilishida

• — So the project failed because of the budget?— Demak, loyiha byudjet sababli muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchradimi?
• — No. It wasn’t the budget that caused the problem.— Yo‘q. Muammoga byudjet sabab bo‘lmadi.
• — Then what was it?— Unda nima edi?
• — What really happened was that we lost two key people.— Aslida bo‘lgan voqea shu: ikkita asosiy xodimimizni yo‘qotdik.
• — I see. What we need now is a new team.— Tushunarli. Hozir bizga kerak narsa — yangi jamoa.
• — Exactly. And it’s Malika who should lead it.— Aynan. Va unga aynan Malika rahbarlik qilishi kerak.

Insho parchasi

Many people think that money brings happiness. However, what really makes people happy is good relationships. It is our family and friends who support us in difficult times. What I have learned from my own life is that small moments matter most. It wasn’t until I moved abroad that I understood how much I loved my home.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. Malika won the prize. (Malikaga urg‘u) → It was Malika who won the prize.
2. I want a cup of tea. (what-cleft) → What I want is a cup of tea.
3. We met in 2015. (vaqtga urg‘u) → It was in 2015 that we met.
4. She left without a word. (fe’lga urg‘u) → What she did was leave without a word.
5. Meni aynan uning halolligi hayratlantirdi. → It was his honesty that impressed me.
6. Menga kerak narsa — biroz tinchlik. → What I need is some peace.
7. Faqat ertalabgina xatoni payqadim. → It wasn’t until the morning that I noticed the mistake.
8. Xatoni toping: It was my father which helped me. → It was my father who helped me.

Qisqa xulosa

• It is / was + urg‘u + that / who + qolgan gap: It was Ali who broke it.
• What + gap + is / was + urg‘u: What I need is a holiday.
• Boshqa: All I want is..., The reason why... was..., The thing that... is...
• Fe’lga urg‘u: What she did was + asosiy shakl.
• What happened was (that)... — voqeani tushuntirish.
• It wasn’t until ... that ... — faqat ...gandagina.
• Xatoni tuzatish uchun qulay: It wasn’t me who told him.