Future: be going to — Reja: be going to

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Be going to — reja daftaringizdagi yozuv. Siz allaqachon qaror qilgansiz, endi faqat bajarish qoldi. O‘zbekchadagi -moqchiman, -moqchimiz shakliga to‘g‘ri keladi: bormoqchiman, sotib olmoqchiman, o‘qimoqchimiz.

Will esa shu daqiqada tug‘ilgan qaror. Ikki vaziyatni solishtiring:

Telefon jiringlaydi: “Men olaman!” — siz hozir qaror qildingiz → will: I’ll answer it.
Bir hafta oldin mashina olishga qaror qilgansiz va do‘stingizga aytasiz → going to: I’m going to buy a car.

Be going to ning ikkinchi vazifasi ham bor: ko‘rinib turgan belgilarga qarab kelajakni aytish. Osmonda qora bulutlar — demak, yomg‘ir yog‘adi: It’s going to rain.

Tuzilishiam / is / are + going to + fe’l

Bo‘lishsizI’m not going to work. She isn’t going to work.

So‘roqAre you going to work? Is he going to work?

Qisqa javobYes, I am. / No, she isn’t.

I’m going to study medicine.Tibbiyotni o‘qimoqchiman. (reja)
We’re going to visit my grandparents.Bobom va buvimnikiga bormoqchimiz.
Look at those clouds! It’s going to rain.Anavi bulutlarga qarang! Yomg‘ir yog‘adi. (belgi bor)

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

be going to qanday tuziladi.
Birinchi vazifa: oldindan qilingan reja va niyat.
Ikkinchi vazifa: ko‘rinib turgan belgiga asoslangan bashorat.
will va be going to farqi.
Kelajakni aytishning to‘rt usuli.
was going to, gonna va eng ko‘p xatolar.

Qanday tuziladi?

Bu tuzilma uch qismdan iborat va uchalasi ham shart:

to be egaga mos: am / is / are;
going to — o‘zgarmaydi;
fe’lning asosiy shakli.

Ega	to be	going to	fe’l
I	am (I’m)	going to	work
you	are (you’re)	going to	work
he / she / it	is (he’s, she’s, it’s)	going to	work
we	are (we’re)	going to	work
they	are (they’re)	going to	work

I’m going to call my mum tonight.Bugun kechqurun onamga qo‘ng‘iroq qilmoqchiman.
She’s going to start a new job.U yangi ishni boshlamoqchi.
They’re going to get married in June.Ular iyunda turmush qurmoqchi.

Inkor

to be dan keyin not qo‘shiladi:

I’m not going to tell him.Unga aytmoqchi emasman.
She isn’t going to come.U kelmoqchi emas.
We aren’t going to buy that house.Biz u uyni sotib olmoqchi emasmiz.
It isn’t going to be easy.Bu oson bo‘lmaydi.

Savol

to be egadan oldinga chiqadi:

Are you going to watch the match?O‘yinni ko‘rmoqchimisiz?
Is she going to study abroad?U chet elda o‘qimoqchimi?
What are you going to do this weekend?Dam olish kunlari nima qilmoqchisiz?
Where are you going to stay?Qayerda qolmoqchisiz?
When is he going to finish?U qachon tugatmoqchi?

1-vazifa: oldindan qilingan reja

Gapirishdan oldin qaror qilingan, niyat qilingan ishlar.

I’m going to learn Korean next year.Kelasi yil koreys tilini o‘rganmoqchiman.
We’re going to paint the kitchen this weekend.Dam olish kunlari oshxonani bo‘yamoqchimiz.
My brother is going to buy a new car.Akam yangi mashina olmoqchi.
— Why are you wearing sports clothes? — I’m going to run in the park.— Nega sport kiyimidasiz? — Bog‘da yugurmoqchiman.
I’m going to be a doctor when I grow up.Katta bo‘lganimda shifokor bo‘lmoqchiman.

2-vazifa: ko‘rinib turgan kelajak

Hozir ko‘rgan belgingizga, dalilingizga asoslanib, nima bo‘lishini aytasiz.

Look at the sky! It’s going to rain.Osmonga qarang! Yomg‘ir yog‘adi.
Be careful! You’re going to fall!Ehtiyot bo‘ling! Yiqilasiz!
She’s going to have a baby.U farzand ko‘radi. (homilador ekani ko‘rinib turibdi)
The car is too fast. It’s going to crash!Mashina juda tez. Urilib ketadi!
It’s 8:55. We’re going to be late!Soat 8:55. Kechikamiz!
I feel terrible. I think I’m going to be sick.Ahvolim yomon. Ko‘nglim ayniydigan.

will va be going to

Bu ikkala shakl ham kelajakni bildiradi, lekin qaror qachon qilinganiga va bashorat nimaga asoslanganiga qarab tanlanadi.

will	be going to
Hozir, gapirayotgan paytda qaror	Oldindan qilingan qaror
— We need milk. — OK, I’ll buy some.	I’m going to buy milk after work.
Fikrga asoslangan bashorat	Ko‘rinib turgan dalilga asoslangan
I think Real will win.	Real is 3–0 up. They’re going to win.
Va’da, taklif	Reja, niyat
I’ll help you, I promise.	I’m going to help him move house on Saturday.

Bir vaziyat, ikki javob

A: We need milk. B: OK, I’ll buy some.Hozir qaror qildi.
A: Why do you have a bag? B: I’m going to buy milk.Oldindan rejalashtirgan.
A: The phone’s ringing. B: I’ll get it.Shu zahoti qaror.
A: Why are you taking your phone? B: I’m going to call Ali.Oldindan niyat.

Eslab qoling: agar qaror gapirishdan oldin qilingan bo‘lsa — going to, gapirayotgan paytda qilingan bo‘lsa — will.

Kelajakni aytishning to‘rt usuli

Ingliz tilida kelajakni bir nechta zamon bilan aytish mumkin. Har birining o‘z vazifasi bor.

Shakl	Ma’nosi	Misol
will	shu zahoti qaror, bashorat, va’da	I’ll have tea, please.
be going to	oldindan qaror, ko‘rinib turgan kelajak	I’m going to buy a car.
Present Continuous	kelishilgan uchrashuv, aniq tadbir	I’m meeting Ali at 5.
Present Simple	jadval, rasmiy reja	The bus leaves at 8.

I’m going to visit my aunt.Ammamnikiga bormoqchiman. (niyat)
I’m visiting my aunt on Sunday.Yakshanba kuni ammamnikiga boraman. (kelishilgan, ular kutishadi)
The train leaves at 7:30.Poyezd 7:30 da jo‘naydi. (jadval)
I think I’ll visit my aunt.Menimcha, ammamnikiga boraman. (hozir qaror)

going to va Present Continuous juda yaqin. Farqi: going to — niyat (men shunday qilmoqchiman), Present Continuous — kelishuv (vaqt va joy belgilangan, boshqalar ham biladi).

go bilan: going to go

“Bormoqchiman” — I’m going to go. Bu to‘g‘ri, lekin og‘ir eshitiladi. Shuning uchun so‘zlashuvda ko‘pincha Present Continuous ishlatiladi:

I’m going to go to the cinema.Kinoga bormoqchiman. (to‘g‘ri)
I’m going to the cinema tonight.Bugun kechqurun kinoga boraman. (tabiiyroq)

Bosqichma-bosqich

Misol: “Men kelasi yil Koreyaga bormoqchiman.”

Ega: I.
to be: am.
going to: going to.
Asosiy fe’l: go.
Qolgani: to Korea next year.

NatijaI am going to go to Korea next year.

Misol: “Ehtiyot bo‘ling, stakan tushib ketadi!”

Belgi ko‘rinib turibdi (stakan chetda) → going to.
Ega: the glass → it → is.
Fe’l: fall.

NatijaBe careful, the glass is going to fall!

Misol: “Dam olish kunlari nima qilmoqchisiz?”

So‘roq so‘zi: What.
to be: are (egadan oldin).
Ega: you. going to + do.

NatijaWhat are you going to do at the weekend?

O‘tgan zamonda: was going to

was / were going to — o‘tmishda reja bor edi, lekin u bajarilmadi. O‘zbekchadagi -moqchi edim ga to‘g‘ri keladi.

I was going to call you, but I forgot.Sizga qo‘ng‘iroq qilmoqchi edim, lekin unutibman.
We were going to buy a house, but prices went up.Uy olmoqchi edik, lekin narxlar oshib ketdi.
She was going to study law, but she became a doctor.U huquqni o‘qimoqchi edi, lekin shifokor bo‘ldi.

So‘zlashuvda gonna

Tez og‘zaki nutqda going to “gonna” deb eshitiladi: I’m gonna go. What are you gonna do? Bu qo‘shiqlar va filmlarda juda ko‘p uchraydi.

Muhim: gonna faqat fe’l oldidan (going to + fe’l) shunday aytiladi. Joyga borish ma’nosida (I’m going to school) “gonna” deyilmaydi. Yozma ishda, imtihonda va rasmiy matnda gonna ishlatmang.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

✗ ~~I going to work.~~

✓ I’m going to work.

to be tushib qolmaydi.

✗ ~~She is going to works.~~

✓ She is going to work.

to dan keyin fe’l asosiy shaklda.

✗ ~~I’m going to working.~~

✓ I’m going to work.

going to + fe’lning asosiy shakli.

✗ ~~Do you going to come?~~

✓ Are you going to come?

Savolda to be, do emas.

✗ ~~She going to be late.~~

✓ She is going to be late.

is shart.

✗ ~~I’m going buy a car.~~

✓ I’m going to buy a car.

to tushib qolmaydi.

✗ ~~— The phone’s ringing. — I’m going to answer it.~~

✓ — The phone’s ringing. — I’ll answer it.

Shu zahoti qaror — will.

✗ ~~Look! He will fall!~~

✓ Look! He’s going to fall!

Ko‘rinib turgan belgi — going to.

✗ ~~I’m gonna to go.~~

✓ I’m gonna go.

gonna = going to, yana to kerak emas.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Ta’til rejalari

— What are you going to do in the summer?— Yozda nima qilmoqchisiz?
— We’re going to visit Turkey.— Turkiyaga bormoqchimiz.
— Nice! Are you going to stay in Istanbul?— Zo‘r! Istanbulda qolmoqchimisiz?
— Yes, for a week. Then we’re going to drive to Antalya.— Ha, bir hafta. Keyin Antalyaga mashinada bormoqchimiz.
— Is your son going to come too?— O‘g‘lingiz ham boradimi?
— No, he isn’t. He’s going to work this summer.— Yo‘q. U bu yoz ishlamoqchi.

Yangi yil rejalari

This year I’m going to change my life! I’m going to get up at six every morning and go running. I’m not going to eat fast food. I’m going to read one book every month and I’m going to pass my IELTS exam. And I’m definitely going to spend less time on my phone!

O‘zingizni tekshiring

I ___ (visit) my grandparents this weekend. (reja) → am going to visit
Look at that man! He ___ (fall) into the river! → is going to fall
___ you ___ (watch) the film tonight? → Are / going to watch
She ___ (not / study) medicine. → isn’t going to study
— It’s cold in here. — I ___ close the window. (hozir qaror) → ’ll
Universitetdan keyin nima qilmoqchisiz? → What are you going to do after university?
Sizga yozmoqchi edim, lekin vaqtim bo‘lmadi. → I was going to write to you, but I didn’t have time.
Xatoni toping: They going to buy a flat. → They are going to buy a flat.

Qisqa xulosa

Tuzilishi: am / is / are + going to + fe’l.
Oldindan rejalashtirilgan ish va niyat: I’m going to study medicine.
Ko‘rinib turgan belgiga asoslangan kelajak: It’s going to rain.
Shu zahoti qaror, va’da va taklif uchun — will.
Kelishilgan uchrashuv — Present Continuous, jadval — Present Simple.
was going to — reja bor edi, lekin bajarilmadi.
gonna — faqat og‘zaki nutqda.