Reported Questions and Commands

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Savolni boshqa odamga aytib berganda, u endi savol emas — xabar bo‘lib qoladi. Shuning uchun so‘roq shakli yo‘qoladi: gap oddiy darak gap tartibida quriladi, do / does / did tushib qoladi va oxirida savol belgisi qo‘yilmaydi.

• “Where do you live?”“Qayerda yashaysiz?” (to‘g‘ri savol)
• He asked me where I lived.U qayerda yashashimni so‘radi. (ko‘chirma — oddiy tartib)

Bu gapdagi eng ko‘p uchraydigan xato — savol tartibini saqlab qolish: He asked where do I live — xato.

O‘zbekchada ham shunday: “Qayerda yashaysiz?” → “U qayerda yashashimni so‘radi” — savol shakli yo‘qoladi. Inglizchada: He asked where I lived (do yo‘q, tartib oddiy).

Bu darsda ko‘chirma gapning uch turini o‘rganamiz:

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. Maxsus savollarni ko‘chirish.
2. Ha / yo‘q savollari: if va whether.
3. Buyruq va iltimoslarni ko‘chirish.
4. Boshqa ko‘chirma fe’llar: advise, offer, promise, deny, suggest.
5. Fe’l qoliplari va zamon qachon o‘zgarmaydi.
6. Muloyim so‘roq (indirect questions) va eng ko‘p xatolar.

Maxsus savollar

Maxsus savol (what, where, when, why, who, how bilan) ko‘chirilganda:

1. So‘roq so‘zi qoladi;
2. do / does / did tushadi;
3. Ega + fe’l tartibi — oddiy gapdagidek;
4. Zamon orqaga suriladi (oddiy ko‘chirma gapdagidek).

• “Where do you live?” → He asked where I lived.“Qayerda yashaysiz?” → U qayerda yashashimni so‘radi.
• “What did you buy?” → He asked what I had bought.“Nima sotib oldingiz?” → U nima sotib olganimni so‘radi.
• “Why are you late?” → She asked why I was late.“Nega kechikdingiz?” → U nega kechikkanimni so‘radi.
• “When will you come?” → He asked when I would come.“Qachon kelasiz?” → U qachon kelishimni so‘radi.
• “How old is your son?” → She asked how old my son was.“O‘g‘lingiz necha yoshda?” → U o‘g‘lim necha yoshda ekanini so‘radi.

to be bilan — tartibga diqqat

Who / What ega bo‘lganda

Agar who yoki what — gapning egasi bo‘lsa, tartib o‘zgarmaydi:

• “Who called?” → She asked who had called.“Kim qo‘ng‘iroq qildi?” → U kim qo‘ng‘iroq qilganini so‘radi.
• “What happened?” → He asked what had happened.“Nima bo‘ldi?” → U nima bo‘lganini so‘radi.

Ha / yo‘q savollari: if va whether

So‘roq so‘zi yo‘q bo‘lsa (Do you...? Are you...? Can you...?), if yoki whether (...mi, -mi yo‘qmi) qo‘shiladi.

• “Are you OK?” → She asked if I was OK.“Yaxshimisiz?” → U yaxshi ekanimni so‘radi.
• “Do you speak English?” → She asked if I spoke English.“Inglizcha gapirasizmi?” → U inglizcha gapirishimni so‘radi.
• “Can you swim?” → He asked whether I could swim.“Suza olasizmi?” → U suza olishimni so‘radi.
• “Have you finished?” → She asked if I had finished.“Tugatdingizmi?” → U tugatganimni so‘radi.
• “Will you be there?” → They asked whether I would be there.“U yerda bo‘lasizmi?” → Ular u yerda bo‘lishimni so‘rashdi.

if va whether — deyarli bir xil. whether biroz rasmiyroq va or not bilan ko‘proq ishlatiladi: She asked whether or not I was coming.

Buyruq va iltimos

Buyruq va iltimos ko‘chirilganda to + fe’l (infinitiv) ishlatiladi.

• “Sit down.” → He told me to sit down.“O‘tiring.” → U menga o‘tirishni aytdi.
• “Don’t be late.” → She told us not to be late.“Kechikmang.” → U bizga kechikmaslikni aytdi.
• “Please help me.” → He asked me to help him.“Yordam bering.” → U yordam berishimni so‘radi.
• “Close the door, please.” → She asked me to close the door.“Eshikni yoping.” → U eshikni yopishimni so‘radi.
• “Don’t touch it!” → He told the children not to touch it.“Tegmang!” → U bolalarga tegmaslikni aytdi.

Inkor buyruq

not — to dan oldin:

He told me don’t wait yoki He told me to not wait — xato (ikkinchisi so‘zlashuvda uchraydi, lekin standart emas).

Boshqa ko‘chirma fe’llar

said, told, asked dan tashqari, ma’noni aniqroq beruvchi ko‘p fe’llar bor. Ular gapga rang beradi va imtihonlarda juda qadrlanadi.

• She advised me to rest.U menga dam olishni maslahat berdi.
• He promised to call.U qo‘ng‘iroq qilishga va’da berdi.
• He denied taking the money.U pulni olganini inkor etdi.
• She offered to help me.U menga yordam berishni taklif qildi.
• He refused to answer.U javob berishdan bosh tortdi.
• They warned us not to swim there.Ular bizni u yerda suzmaslik haqida ogohlantirishdi.
• He admitted making a mistake.U xato qilganini tan oldi.
• She suggested going to the cinema.U kinoga borishni taklif qildi.
• He apologised for being late.U kechikkani uchun kechirim so‘radi.
• She reminded me to buy milk.U menga sut olishni eslatdi.

Fe’llar qolipi

Har bir ko‘chirma fe’lning o‘z qolipi bor. Ularni guruhlab yodlang.

• “I’ll help you.” → She offered to help me.“Yordam beraman.” → U yordam berishni taklif qildi.
• “You should see a doctor.” → He advised me to see a doctor.“Shifokorga boring.” → U shifokorga borishni maslahat berdi.
• “I didn’t take it!” → He denied taking it.“Men olmadim!” → U olganini inkor etdi.
• “Let’s go out.” → She suggested going out.“Chiqaylik.” → U chiqishni taklif qildi.
• “You stole the money!” → She accused him of stealing the money.“Pulni o‘g‘irlading!” → U uni pul o‘g‘irlashda aybladi.

suggest dan keyin to kelmaydi: She suggested going yoki She suggested that we go (suggested to go — xato).

Zamon o‘zgarmaydigan holatlar

Oddiy ko‘chirma gapdagidek, ba’zi holatlarda zamon orqaga surilmaydi:

• She said she lives in Tashkent.U Toshkentda yashashini aytdi. (hali ham)
• He says he is busy.U band ekanini aytyapti. (asosiy fe’l hozirgi zamonda)
• She asks if we are ready.U tayyormi ekanimizni so‘rayapti.

Bosqichma-bosqich

Misol: “Where does she work?” he asked me.

1. Boshlang: He asked me.
2. So‘roq so‘zini qoldiring: where.
3. do / does / did ni olib tashlang.
4. Oddiy tartib: she + fe’l.
5. Zamonni orqaga suring: works → worked.

Misol: “Have you seen my keys?” she asked.

1. Ha / yo‘q savoli → if / whether.
2. Tartib: I + had seen (Present Perfect → Past Perfect).
3. Olmosh: my → her.

Misol: “Please don’t tell anyone,” she said to me.

1. Inkor iltimos → asked me not to + fe’l.

Muloyim so‘roq (indirect questions)

Xuddi shu oddiy gap tartibi hozirgi zamonda ham kerak — muloyim savol berganda. Bunda savol boshqa savol ichiga “o‘raladi”. Zamon surilmaydi.

• Could you tell me where the bank is?Bank qayerdaligini ayta olasizmi? (where is the bank emas)
• Do you know what time it starts?Qachon boshlanishini bilasizmi? (what time does it start emas)
• I wonder if she is coming.U keladimi-yo‘qmi, qiziq.
• Can you tell me how much this costs?Bu qancha turishini ayta olasizmi?
• Do you know whether the shop is open?Do‘kon ochiqmi-yo‘qmi, bilasizmi?

Muloyim savollar notanish odamlar, do‘konlar, rasmiy vaziyatlar uchun juda foydali. Ular to‘g‘ri savoldan muloyimroq eshitiladi.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: ko‘chirma savolda — oddiy gap tartibi (ega + fe’l), do / did yo‘q, savol belgisi yo‘q. Buyruqda — told / asked + odam + (not) to + fe’l.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Ish suhbatini aytib berish

• — How was the job interview?— Ish suhbati qanday o‘tdi?
• — Good, I think. They asked me why I wanted the job.— Yaxshi, menimcha. Nega bu ishni xohlashimni so‘rashdi.
• — What else?— Yana nima?
• — They asked if I had any experience and whether I could start next month.— Tajribam bormi va kelasi oydan boshlay olamanmi, so‘rashdi.
• — Did they tell you anything about the salary?— Maosh haqida biror narsa aytishdimi?
• — They promised to call me on Friday and asked me to send my documents.— Jumada qo‘ng‘iroq qilishga va’da berishdi va hujjatlarimni yuborishimni so‘rashdi.

Kichik matn

Yesterday a tourist stopped me in the street. She asked me where the Registan was and how she could get there. I told her to take bus number 3. She asked if it was far, and I said it was about fifteen minutes. Then she asked me whether I knew a good restaurant nearby. I suggested trying the plov centre. Before she left, she thanked me for helping her and asked me to take a photo of her.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. “Where are you from?” → He asked me ___. → where I was from
2. “Do you like coffee?” → She asked me ___. → if / whether I liked coffee
3. “Close the window.” → He told me ___. → to close the window
4. “Don’t be late.” → She told us ___. → not to be late
5. “I’ll help you.” → He ___ me. → offered to help
6. Bank qayerdaligini ayta olasizmi? → Could you tell me where the bank is?
7. U menga nima uchun kechikkanimni so‘radi. → She asked me why I was late.
8. Xatoni toping: He asked me what did I want. → He asked me what I wanted.

Qisqa xulosa

• Ko‘chirma savolda oddiy gap tartibi: ega + fe’l.
• do / does / did tushadi, savol belgisi yo‘q.
• Maxsus savol: asked + so‘roq so‘zi + ega + fe’l.
• Ha / yo‘q savoli: asked + if / whether + ega + fe’l.
• Buyruq va iltimos: told / asked + odam + (not) to + fe’l.
• Aniqroq fe’llar: advise, offer, promise, refuse, deny, admit, suggest, warn, remind.
• Har bir fe’lning o‘z qolipi bor: promise to, advise me to, deny -ing, apologise for -ing.
• Muloyim so‘roq: Could you tell me where the bank is? — hozirgi zamonda ham oddiy tartib.