Past Continuous

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Past Continuous — o‘tmish filmidagi bitta kadr. Tasavvur qiling, kimdir sizdan so‘raydi: “Kecha soat 8 da nima qilayotgan edingiz?” Siz javob berasiz: “Ovqat yeyotgan edim.” Ya’ni o‘sha paytda siz ishning o‘rtasida edingiz — u soat 8 dan oldin boshlangan va keyin ham davom etgan.

O‘zbekchada bu -yotgan edim, -ayotgan edi shakliga to‘g‘ri keladi: uxlayotgan edim, o‘qiyotgan edi, gaplashayotgan edik.

Ikki o‘tgan zamonni solishtiring:

• Past Simple — voqeani nuqta kabi, butunligicha aytadi: I read a book (kitob o‘qidim — tamom).
• Past Continuous — jarayonni chiziq kabi ko‘rsatadi: I was reading a book (kitob o‘qiyotgan edim — jarayon davom etayotgan edi).

• I was sleeping at 10 last night.Kecha soat 10 da uxlayotgan edim.
• They were playing football all afternoon.Ular tushdan keyin bo‘yi futbol o‘ynashdi.
• What were you doing?Nima qilayotgan edingiz?

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. Past Continuous qanday tuziladi.
2. O‘tmishning aniq bir paytidagi jarayon.
3. Past Continuous va Past Simple birga: when va while.
4. Bir vaqtda davom etgan ikki ish.
5. Hikoyada fon (sahna) tasvirlash.
6. Eng ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar.

Qanday tuziladi?

Bu zamon Present Continuous’ga juda o‘xshaydi — faqat am / is / are o‘rniga was / were ishlatiladi.

-ing qo‘shish qoidalari ham bir xil: write → writing, sit → sitting, lie → lying.

Qachon ishlatiladi?

1. O‘tmishning aniq bir paytida davom etayotgan ish

Vaqt nuqtasi aytiladi (soat 8 da, kecha shu paytda) va o‘sha paytda ish jarayonda edi.

• At 7 o’clock I was having breakfast.Soat yettida nonushta qilayotgan edim.
• This time yesterday we were flying to Istanbul.Kecha shu paytda Istanbulga uchayotgan edik.
• What were you doing at midnight?Yarim tunda nima qilayotgan edingiz?
• At 10 pm the children were sleeping.Kechki soat 10 da bolalar uxlayotgan edi.

2. Uzoq davom etgan ish

all day, all evening, the whole morning kabi iboralar bilan jarayonning uzunligiga urg‘u beriladi.

• It was raining all day.Kun bo‘yi yomg‘ir yog‘di.
• She was working the whole evening.U butun kechqurun ishladi.

Past Simple bilan birga

Bu Past Continuous’ning eng muhim vazifasi. Uzun ish (fon) Past Continuous bilan, uni bo‘lgan qisqa ish Past Simple bilan aytiladi.

• I was cooking when she called.U qo‘ng‘iroq qilganda ovqat pishirayotgan edim.
• While we were walking, it started to rain.Biz yurib ketayotganimizda yomg‘ir boshlandi.
• I was taking a shower when the lights went out.Dush qabul qilayotganimda chiroq o‘chib qoldi.
• He broke his leg while he was playing football.U futbol o‘ynayotganda oyog‘ini sindirdi.
• When I arrived, they were having dinner.Men yetib kelganimda, ular kechki ovqat qilayotgan edi.

Vaqt chizig‘ida

Uzun ish qisqa ishdan oldin boshlangan va u sodir bo‘lgan paytda davom etayotgan edi. Qisqa ish uni bo‘ldi yoki uning o‘rtasida sodir bo‘ldi.

when va while farqi

• when — odatda qisqa ish oldidan: when she called, when I arrived;
• while — odatda uzun ish oldidan: while I was cooking, while we were walking.

Gap qismlarining tartibini almashtirish mumkin. when / while bilan boshlangan qism gap boshida bo‘lsa, undan keyin vergul qo‘yiladi:

• When she called, I was cooking.U qo‘ng‘iroq qilganda, ovqat pishirayotgan edim. (vergul bor)
• I was cooking when she called.Ovqat pishirayotgan edim, shu payt u qo‘ng‘iroq qildi. (vergul yo‘q)

Ikki uzun ish birga

While bilan ikkala ish bir vaqtda, parallel davom etgan bo‘lishi mumkin. Bunda ikkalasi ham Past Continuous’da.

• While I was cooking, he was reading.Men ovqat pishirayotganimda, u kitob o‘qiyotgan edi.
• While the teacher was explaining, the students were taking notes.O‘qituvchi tushuntirayotganda, talabalar yozib olayotgan edi.
• My mum was watching TV and my dad was sleeping.Onam televizor ko‘rayotgan, otam esa uxlayotgan edi.

Fon tasviri

Hikoya yoki voqea boshida sahna Past Continuous bilan chiziladi — o‘sha paytda atrofda nima bo‘layotgani. Keyin asosiy voqealar Past Simple bilan aytiladi.

• The sun was shining and birds were singing.Quyosh charaqlab, qushlar sayrayotgan edi.
• It was a cold night. Snow was falling and the wind was blowing.Sovuq kecha edi. Qor yog‘ayotgan, shamol esayotgan edi.
• People were waiting for the bus. Suddenly a car stopped...Odamlar avtobus kutayotgan edi. To‘satdan bir mashina to‘xtadi...

Bu usul kitoblarda, filmlarda va imtihondagi hikoya yozish topshiriqlarida juda ko‘p ishlatiladi.

when bilan ma’no farqi

Bir xil gapda zamonni almashtirsangiz, ma’no o‘zgaradi. Bu juda muhim nuqta.

• When she came, I was cooking.U kelganda, ovqat pishirayotgan edim. (allaqachon boshlangan edi)
• When she came, I cooked.U kelgach, ovqat pishirdim. (u kelgandan keyin boshladim)
• When the film started, we were eating popcorn.Film boshlanganda, popkorn yeyotgan edik.
• When the film started, we turned off our phones.Film boshlanganda, telefonlarni o‘chirdik.

Inkor va savol

• I wasn’t sleeping. I was just resting.Uxlayotganim yo‘q edi. Shunchaki dam olayotgan edim.
• They weren’t listening to the teacher.Ular o‘qituvchini tinglamayotgan edi.
• Were you driving fast?Tez haydayotgan edingizmi?
• What were you doing when I called?Men qo‘ng‘iroq qilganimda nima qilayotgan edingiz?
• Why was she crying?U nega yig‘layotgan edi?
• Who were you talking to?Kim bilan gaplashayotgan edingiz?

Holat fe’llari

Present Continuous’dagi kabi, know, want, like, understand, believe kabi holat fe’llari -ing olmaydi. Ular o‘tmishda ham Past Simple zamonida qoladi.

• I knew the answer.Javobni bilardim. (was knowing emas)
• She wanted to go home.U uyga ketmoqchi edi. (was wanting emas)
• I didn’t understand him.Uni tushunmayotgan edim. (wasn’t understanding emas)

Bosqichma-bosqich

Misol: “U qo‘ng‘iroq qilganda, men uxlayotgan edim.”

Bu yerda ikki voqea bor.

1. Uzun voqea (fon): uxlayotgan edim → I was sleeping (Past Continuous).
2. Qisqa voqea (uni bo‘ldi): qo‘ng‘iroq qildi → she called (Past Simple).
3. Bog‘laymiz: qisqa voqea oldidan when.

Misol: “Avtobusni kutayotganimda, eski do‘stimni ko‘rdim.”

1. Uzun: kutayotganimda → I was waiting for the bus.
2. Qisqa: ko‘rdim → I saw an old friend.
3. Uzun oldidan → while.

Misol: “Kecha soat 9 da nima qilayotgan edingiz?”

1. So‘roq so‘zi: What.
2. Ega: you → were.
3. Fe’l + ing: doing. Vaqt: at 9 last night.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: uzun ish (fon) — was / were + -ing, uni bo‘lgan ish — Past Simple.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Baxtsiz hodisa haqida

• — What happened to your arm?— Qo‘lingizga nima bo‘ldi?
• — I broke it last week.— O‘tgan hafta sindirib oldim.
• — How?— Qanday qilib?
• — I was riding my bike and a dog ran into the road.— Velosiped haydab ketayotgan edim, bir it yo‘lga yugurib chiqdi.
• — Oh no! Were you going fast?— Voy! Tez ketayotgan edingizmi?
• — Not really, but it was raining and the road was wet.— Unchalik emas, lekin yomg‘ir yog‘ayotgan va yo‘l ho‘l edi.

Kichik hikoya

It was a beautiful evening. The sun was setting and a light wind was blowing. I was walking along the river with my dog. Some children were playing on the grass and an old man was fishing. Suddenly my dog saw a cat and ran after it. I shouted, but he didn’t stop. While I was running after him, I fell into the water!

Matnning birinchi qismi — fon (Past Continuous), keyingi qismi — voqealar (Past Simple).

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. At 8 o’clock I ___ (have) dinner. → was having
2. They ___ (play) tennis when it started to rain. → were playing
3. While she ___ (sleep), someone knocked at the door. → was sleeping
4. I ___ (see) an accident while I was driving home. → saw
5. Siz u yerda nima qilayotgan edingiz? → What were you doing there?
6. Men televizor ko‘rmayotgan edim. → I wasn’t watching TV.
7. Biz gaplashayotganimizda, u kirib keldi. → While we were talking, he came in.
8. Xatoni toping: When I came, she cooked dinner (u allaqachon pishirayotgan edi). → When I came, she was cooking dinner.

Qisqa xulosa

• Tuzilishi: was / were + fe’l-ing.
• O‘tmishning aniq bir paytida davom etayotgan ish: At 8 I was reading.
• Uzun ish — Past Continuous, uni bo‘lgan qisqa ish — Past Simple.
• while + uzun ish, when + qisqa ish.
• while bilan ikki uzun ish bir vaqtda: While I was cooking, he was reading.
• Hikoyada fon chizish uchun: The sun was shining...
• know, want, like kabi holat fe’llari -ing olmaydi.