Adverbs of Frequency

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Bu so‘zlar “qanchalik tez-tez?” savoliga javob beradi. Ularni 0 dan 100 foizgacha bo‘lgan chiziq deb tasavvur qiling: never chap chetda (hech qachon — 0%), always o‘ng chetda (har doim — 100%), qolganlari o‘rtada.

Bu so‘zlarning ma’nosi oson. Asosiy qiyinchilik — ularning gapdagi joyi. O‘zbekchada “Men har doim choy ichaman” tartibi inglizchaga mos tushadi: I always drink tea. Lekin to be va yordamchi fe’llar bilan joy o‘zgaradi.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. Takror ravishlari va ularning ma’nosi.
2. Gapdagi o‘rni: oddiy fe’ldan oldin, to be dan keyin.
3. Yordamchi va modal fe’llar bilan.
4. Inkor va savolda.
5. Vaqt iboralari: every day, once a week, twice a month.
6. How often...? savoliga javob berish va eng ko‘p xatolar.

Gapdagi o‘rni: uchta qoida

Bu darsning eng muhim qismi. Uchta qoidani yodlang.

1. Oddiy fe’ldan oldin

Gapda oddiy fe’l (work, drink, go, eat) bo‘lsa, takror ravishi fe’ldan oldin, egadan keyin turadi.

• We usually have dinner at seven.Odatda yettida kechki ovqat qilamiz.
• I often go to the gym.Men tez-tez sport zaliga boraman.
• She sometimes cooks plov.U ba’zan palov pishiradi.
• My father never drinks coffee.Otam hech qachon qahva ichmaydi.
• They rarely watch TV.Ular kamdan-kam televizor ko‘radi.

2. to be dan keyin

Gapda am, is, are, was, were bo‘lsa, takror ravishi undan keyin turadi.

• He is never angry.Uning hech qachon jahli chiqmaydi.
• She is always late.U doim kechikadi.
• I am usually tired after work.Ishdan keyin odatda charchagan bo‘laman.
• The bus is often full.Avtobus tez-tez to‘la bo‘ladi.
• They were sometimes hungry.Ular ba’zan och qolishardi.

3. Yordamchi va modal fe’llardan keyin

Gapda yordamchi fe’l (have, has, do, does, will) yoki modal fe’l (can, should, must) bo‘lsa, takror ravishi yordamchi va asosiy fe’l orasida turadi.

• I have never been to London.Men hech qachon Londonda bo‘lmaganman.
• You should always check your work.Ishingizni doim tekshirishingiz kerak.
• I can sometimes hear the neighbours.Ba’zan qo‘shnilarni eshitaman.
• She will never forget this day.U bu kunni hech qachon unutmaydi.
• We don’t usually eat meat.Biz odatda go‘sht yemaymiz.

sometimes ning erkin joyi

sometimes, usually, normally, often gap boshida yoki oxirida ham kelishi mumkin — urg‘u uchun:

• Sometimes I work at home.Ba’zan uyda ishlayman.
• I work at home sometimes.Ba’zan uyda ishlayman.
• Usually I take the bus.Odatda avtobusda boraman.

always va never esa gap boshida kelmaydi (buyruq gaplardan tashqari): Never give up! — Hech qachon taslim bo‘lmang!

Inkor bilan

never, rarely, seldom — o‘zi inkor

Never, rarely, seldom, hardly ever o‘zi inkor ma’nosiga ega. Ularga not qo‘shilmaydi — ingliz tilida ikki marta inkor bo‘lmaydi.

• I never smoke.Men hech qachon chekmayman. (I don’t never smoke emas)
• She rarely calls me.U menga kamdan-kam qo‘ng‘iroq qiladi.
• We hardly ever go out.Biz deyarli hech qachon tashqariga chiqmaymiz.

O‘zbekchada esa ikkala inkor ham bor: “hech qachon chekmayman”. Inglizchada faqat bitta: I never smoke.

don’t always, don’t often

Boshqa takror ravishlari don’t / doesn’t dan keyin keladi:

• I don’t always agree.Har doim ham rozi bo‘lavermayman.
• She doesn’t often come here.U bu yerga tez-tez kelmaydi.
• We don’t usually work on Saturdays.Biz odatda shanba kuni ishlamaymiz.

Savolda

Savolda takror ravishi egadan keyin, asosiy fe’ldan oldin turadi.

• Do you often eat out?Tez-tez tashqarida ovqatlanasizmi?
• Does she always wake up so early?U doim shunchalik erta turadimi?
• Are you usually at home in the evening?Kechqurun odatda uydamisiz?
• Have you ever been to Japan?Hech Yaponiyada bo‘lganmisiz?

ever — “hech, biror marta” — asosan savolda va inkor ma’noli gaplarda ishlatiladi.

How often...?

“Qanchalik tez-tez?” — How often + savol.

• How often do you exercise?Qanchalik tez-tez mashq qilasiz?
• How often does the bus come?Avtobus qanchalik tez-tez keladi?
• How often do you visit your parents?Ota-onangiznikiga qanchalik tez-tez borasiz?

Vaqt iboralari

Aniqroq tezlikni aytish uchun vaqt iboralari ishlatiladi. Ular odatda gap oxirida keladi.

• I call my mother every day.Onamga har kuni qo‘ng‘iroq qilaman.
• We go to the cinema once a month.Biz oyiga bir marta kinoga boramiz.
• She goes swimming twice a week.U haftasiga ikki marta suzishga boradi.
• I visit my grandparents three times a year.Bobo-buvimnikiga yiliga uch marta boraman.
• He complains all the time!U doim shikoyat qiladi!

Once — bir marta, twice — ikki marta, uchdan boshlab — three times, four times...

a bu iboralarda “har bir” ma’nosini beradi: once a week — har haftada bir marta. Once in a week deyish xato.

Javob berish

How often...? savoliga qisqa yoki to‘liq javob berish mumkin:

• How often do you travel? — Twice a year.Qanchalik tez-tez sayohat qilasiz? — Yiliga ikki marta.
• How often do you eat fast food? — Not very often.Qanchalik tez-tez fast-fud yeysiz? — Unchalik tez-tez emas.
• How often do you check your phone? — All the time!Telefoningizni qanchalik tez-tez tekshirasiz? — Doim!
• — Do you ever go fishing? — Sometimes. / Never.— Hech baliq oviga borasizmi? — Ba’zan. / Hech qachon.

Bosqichma-bosqich

Takror ravishini gapga qo‘yish uchun fe’lga qarang.

1. Oddiy fe’l bormi? So‘z fe’ldan oldin: She often reads.
2. to be bormi? So‘z undan keyin: She is often late.
3. Yordamchi fe’l bormi? So‘z yordamchi va asosiy fe’l orasida: She has never been there.

• I usually get up at seven.Odatda yettida turaman.
• They are always happy.Ular doim xursand.
• You should always check it.Doim tekshirishingiz kerak.
• Do you often eat out?Tez-tez tashqarida ovqatlanasizmi?

Misol: “Men ertalab hech qachon nonushta qilmayman.”

1. Fe’l: have breakfast (oddiy fe’l).
2. never — fe’ldan oldin, not kerak emas.
3. Vaqt: in the morning — oxirida.

Misol: “U odatda ishga kechikmaydi.”

1. to be + sifat: late → is.
2. Inkor + usually → isn’t usually.

Misol: “Biz yiliga ikki marta tog‘ga boramiz.”

1. Aniq tezlik → vaqt iborasi: twice a year (oxirida).

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: oddiy fe’ldan oldin, to be dan keyin, yordamchi fe’ldan keyin. never bilan not yo‘q.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Sog‘lom turmush haqida

• — How often do you do sport?— Qanchalik tez-tez sport bilan shug‘ullanasiz?
• — I usually go running three times a week.— Odatda haftasiga uch marta yugurishga boraman.
• — Do you ever eat fast food?— Hech fast-fud yeysizmi?
• — Hardly ever. I always cook at home.— Deyarli hech qachon. Doim uyda pishiraman.
• — And do you sleep well?— Yaxshi uxlaysizmi?
• — Not always. I’m often tired in the morning.— Har doim emas. Ertalab tez-tez charchagan bo‘laman.

Kundalik tartib

I always get up at 6:30. I usually have breakfast with my family, but I sometimes skip it when I’m late. I often take the metro to work. I’m never late! In the evening I rarely watch TV — I usually read or go for a walk. I call my parents every day and visit them once a week.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. I ___ (always / drink) tea in the morning. → always drink
2. She ___ (is / often) late. → is often
3. We have ___ (never / be) to Japan. → never been
4. U hech qachon go‘sht yemaydi. → She never eats meat.
5. Siz tez-tez kinoga borasizmi? → Do you often go to the cinema?
6. Men oyiga bir marta sartaroshga boraman. → I go to the hairdresser once a month.
7. Ular odatda uyda emas. → They aren’t usually at home.
8. Xatoni toping: He doesn’t never call me. → He never calls me.

Qisqa xulosa

• always (100%) → usually → often → sometimes → rarely → never (0%).
• Oddiy fe’ldan oldin: I always drink tea.
• to be dan keyin: She is always late.
• Yordamchi / modal fe’ldan keyin: I have never been there. You should always check.
• never, rarely, hardly ever bilan not ishlatilmaydi.
• Savol: How often...?
• Aniq tezlik: every day, once a week, twice a month, three times a year — gap oxirida.