Present Perfect Continuous

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Tasavvur qiling, do‘stingiz qo‘llari bo‘yoqqa belangan holda keldi. So‘raysiz: “Nima qilayotgan eding?” Uning javobi: I’ve been painting. — “Bo‘yoq ishi qilayotgan edim.” Ish ertalab boshlangan, hozirgina tugagan yoki hali davom etmoqda. Muhimi — jarayon va uning davomiyligi.

Present Perfect Continuous o‘tmishda boshlanib, hozirgacha davom etayotgan (yoki hozirgina tugagan) ishni bildiradi. Bu zamonning asosiy savoli: “Qancha vaqtdan beri?”

O‘zbekchada bu ko‘pincha -yapman + “...dan beri” birikmasi bilan aytiladi: “Ikki yildan beri o‘qiyapman”. Bu yerda o‘zbekchada hozirgi zamon ishlatiladi, inglizchada esa albatta perfect shakli kerak: I have been studying for two years.

• I have been learning English for two years.Ikki yildan beri ingliz tilini o‘rganyapman.
• She has been waiting since 9 o’clock.U soat 9 dan beri kutyapti.
• It has been raining all day.Kun bo‘yi yomg‘ir yog‘yapti.
• You look tired. Have you been running?Charchagan ko‘rinasiz. Yugurdingizmi?

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. Present Perfect Continuous qanday tuziladi.
2. Ikki asosiy vazifa: davom etayotgan jarayon va hozirgi izlar.
3. for, since, how long bilan ishlatish.
4. Present Perfect va Present Perfect Continuous farqi.
5. Holat fe’llari bilan ishlatilmasligi.
6. O‘zbek o‘quvchilarining eng ko‘p xatolari.

Qanday tuziladi?

Bu zamon uch qismdan iborat:

1. have / has — egaga qarab;
2. been — o‘zgarmaydi;
3. fe’l + -ing.

• I’ve been studying all morning.Butun ertalab o‘qiyapman.
• He’s been working here since 2020.U 2020-yildan beri shu yerda ishlayapti.
• They’ve been talking for hours.Ular soatlab gaplashyapti.

Inkor va savol

• I haven’t been sleeping well lately.So‘nggi paytlarda yaxshi uxlay olmayapman.
• She hasn’t been feeling well.U o‘zini yaxshi his qilmayapti.
• Have you been waiting long?Uzoq kutyapsizmi?
• How long have you been living here?Bu yerda qancha vaqtdan beri yashayapsiz?
• What have you been doing?Nima qilayotgan edingiz? / Nima bilan bandsiz?

1-vazifa: hali davom etayotgan jarayon

O‘tmishda boshlangan, hozir ham davom etayotgan ish. Ishning davomiyligi ta’kidlanadi.

• I have been learning English for two years.Ikki yildan beri ingliz tilini o‘rganyapman. (hali o‘rganyapman)
• We’ve been living in Tashkent since 2015.2015-yildan beri Toshkentda yashayapmiz.
• She’s been working on this project all week.U butun hafta shu loyiha ustida ishlayapti.
• It’s been snowing since this morning.Ertalabdan beri qor yog‘yapti.
• How long have you been learning to drive?Qachondan beri haydashni o‘rganyapsiz?

for, since va how long

• I’ve been waiting for forty minutes.Qirq daqiqadan beri kutyapman.
• I’ve been waiting since 3 o’clock.Soat 3 dan beri kutyapman.

2-vazifa: hozirgi izlar

Ish hozirgina tugagan, lekin uning izi, natijasi hozir ko‘rinib turibdi. Biz ko‘rgan narsadan o‘tmishdagi jarayonni taxmin qilamiz.

• Why are you wet? — I’ve been swimming.Nega ho‘lsiz? — Suzayotgan edim.
• Her eyes are red. She’s been crying.Ko‘zlari qizargan. U yig‘lagan.
• The ground is wet. It has been raining.Yer ho‘l. Yomg‘ir yog‘gan.
• You’re out of breath. Have you been running?Nafasingiz tiqilib qolgan. Yugurdingizmi?
• Sorry I’m so dirty — I’ve been working in the garden.Kechirasiz, juda iflosman — bog‘da ishlayotgan edim.

Present Perfect bilan farqi

Bu ikki zamon juda o‘xshash. Farqni tushunish uchun “nima muhim?” degan savolni bering.

• I’ve read your book.Kitobingizni o‘qib chiqdim. (tugatdim — natija)
• I’ve been reading your book.Kitobingizni o‘qiyapman. (hali tugatmadim — jarayon)
• She’s cooked dinner.U kechki ovqatni pishirib bo‘ldi. (tayyor)
• She’s been cooking all afternoon.U tushdan keyin bo‘yi ovqat pishiryapti. (jarayon)

Qachon oddiy Perfect, qachon davomli?

Savolni o‘zgartirish yordam beradi:

• How long have you been reading?Qancha vaqtdan beri o‘qiyapsiz? (jarayon — Continuous)
• How many pages have you read?Necha sahifa o‘qidingiz? (natija, son — Simple)

Son, miqdor aytilsa — Present Perfect (three letters, five kilometres, twice). Vaqt davomiyligi aytilsa — Present Perfect Continuous (all day, for two hours).

• I’ve walked ten kilometres today.Bugun o‘n kilometr yurdim. (son)
• I’ve been walking for three hours.Uch soatdan beri yuryapman. (davomiylik)

live va work

live, work, study, teach fe’llari bilan ikkala shakl ham deyarli bir xil ma’no beradi:

• I’ve lived here for ten years.O‘n yildan beri shu yerda yashayman.
• I’ve been living here for ten years.O‘n yildan beri shu yerda yashayapman.

Farqi juda kichik: Continuous biroz vaqtinchalik yoki yaqinda boshlangan holatni ko‘rsatadi, Simple esa doimiy holatni.

Holat fe’llari

know, like, love, want, understand, believe, own, belong kabi holat fe’llari Continuous shaklida ishlatilmaydi. Ularda Present Perfect ishlatiladi.

• I have known him for years.Uni yillardan beri taniyman. (have been knowing emas)
• She’s had this car since 2018.Bu mashina unda 2018-yildan beri bor. (egalik)
• We’ve always loved this place.Biz bu joyni doim yaxshi ko‘rganmiz.

Bosqichma-bosqich

Misol: “Ikki soatdan beri kutyapman.”

1. Boshlangan vaqtni tekshiring: ikki soat oldin boshlangan, hali davom etmoqda.
2. have / has been: I have been.
3. fe’l-ing: waiting.
4. Davomiylik: for two hours.

Misol: “U qachondan beri ingliz tilini o‘rganyapti?”

1. Savol: How long.
2. Yordamchi: she → has.
3. been + fe’l-ing: been learning.

Misol: “Nega charchagan ko‘rinasiz?” — “Kun bo‘yi ishlayapman.”

1. Hozirgi iz (charchoq) + davomiylik (kun bo‘yi).
2. I + have been working + all day.

O‘zbek o‘quvchilarining tuzog‘i

O‘zbekchada “...dan beri” bilan hozirgi zamon ishlatiladi: “Uch yildan beri ishlayapman”. Shuning uchun ko‘pchilik inglizchada Present Continuous ishlatadi: I am working here for three years — xato.

Qoida: for / since bilan hozirgacha davom etayotgan ish — doim Perfect (Simple yoki Continuous).

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: “...dan beri + hozirgi zamon” (o‘zbekcha) → have / has been + -ing (inglizcha).

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Shifokorda

• — What seems to be the problem?— Nima bezovta qilyapti?
• — I’ve been having headaches.— Boshim og‘riyapti.
• — How long have you been having them?— Qachondan beri?
• — For about two weeks.— Taxminan ikki haftadan beri.
• — Have you been sleeping well?— Yaxshi uxlayapsizmi?
• — Not really. I’ve been working very late.— Unchalik emas. Juda kechgacha ishlayapman.

Eski do‘st bilan uchrashuv

• — Jasur! I haven’t seen you for ages! What have you been doing?— Jasur! Seni ko‘rmaganimga ancha bo‘ldi! Nima bilan bandsan?
• — I’ve been working in Seoul. I’ve been living there for three years.— Seulda ishlayapman. Uch yildan beri o‘sha yerda yashayapman.
• — Wow! Have you been learning Korean?— Voy! Koreys tilini o‘rganyapsanmi?
• — Yes, I have. And I’ve made a lot of friends.— Ha. Va ko‘p do‘st orttirdim.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. I ___ (wait) for you for an hour! → have been waiting
2. She ___ (learn) Spanish since January. → has been learning
3. How long ___ you ___ (live) here? → have / been living
4. I ___ (know) Ali since childhood. → have known
5. Nega ko‘zlaringiz qizargan? Yig‘ladingizmi? → Why are your eyes red? Have you been crying?
6. Ertalabdan beri yomg‘ir yog‘yapti. → It has been raining since this morning.
7. Bugun uchta xat yozdim. → I’ve written three letters today.
8. Xatoni toping: I am working here since 2019. → I have been working here since 2019.

Qisqa xulosa

• Tuzilishi: have / has + been + fe’l-ing.
• O‘tmishda boshlanib, hozirgacha davom etayotgan ish: I’ve been learning English for two years.
• Hozirgina tugagan ishning izlari: I’m wet — I’ve been swimming.
• for, since, how long, all day, lately bilan.
• Jarayon, davomiylik — Continuous; natija, son — oddiy Perfect.
• know, like, want kabi holat fe’llari bilan ishlatilmaydi.
• O‘zbekcha “...dan beri + -yapman” → have been + -ing.