Causative: have something done

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Sartaroshxonaga bordingiz va sochingizni oldirdingiz. O‘zbekchada “Sochimni oldirdim” deysiz — sochni boshqa kishi (sartarosh) oldi. Agar inglizchada I cut my hair desangiz, inglizlar o‘zingiz qaychi olib sochingizni kesganingizni tushunadi.

Mana shu farq uchun have something done tuzilmasi (causative — kauzativ) kerak: ishni o‘zingiz emas, boshqa birov sizga qilib beradi.

I cut my hair.Sochimni (o‘zim) kesdim.
I had my hair cut.Sochimni oldirdim. (sartarosh kesdi)

O‘zbekchadagi -dir, -tir, -t qo‘shimchasi xuddi shu vazifani bajaradi: tuzattirdim, bo‘yatdim, yuvdirdim, tiktirdim. Inglizchada esa butun tuzilma kerak.

Tuzilishihave + narsa + 3-shakl (V3)

So‘zlashuvdaget + narsa + 3-shakl (V3)

I had my hair cut.Sochimni oldirdim.
We are having our house painted.Uyimizni bo‘yatyapmiz.
She got her car repaired.U mashinasini tuzattirdi.
You should have your eyes tested.Ko‘zingizni tekshirtirishingiz kerak.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

have + narsa + V3 — ishni boshqaga qildirish.
get + narsa + V3 — so‘zlashuv uslubi.
Barcha zamonlarda kauzativ.
Noxush voqealar: He had his phone stolen.
Odamni ishga solish: have, get, make, let.
So‘z tartibi va eng ko‘p xatolar.

have + narsa + V3

have — zamonga qarab o‘zgaradi, narsa — o‘rtada, V3 — oxirida.

I have my car washed every week.Har hafta mashinamni yuvdiraman.
She had her dress made by a famous designer.U ko‘ylagini mashhur dizaynerga tiktirdi.
We had a new kitchen installed.Yangi oshxona o‘rnattirdik.
They are having their flat renovated.Ular kvartiralarini ta’mirlatyapti.
I need to have my phone fixed.Telefonimni tuzattirishim kerak.

Kim qildi? — by

Ishni kim qilgani muhim bo‘lsa, by qo‘shiladi:

I had my portrait painted by a famous artist.Portretimni mashhur rassomga chizdirdim.
She had her wedding dress made by her aunt.U to‘y ko‘ylagini xolasiga tiktirdi.

get + narsa + V3 — so‘zlashuv

get — have bilan bir xil ma’no, lekin norasmiyroq va so‘zlashuvda ko‘proq ishlatiladi.

I need to get my eyes tested.Ko‘zimni tekshirtirishim kerak.
She got her car repaired.U mashinasini tuzattirdi.
Where did you get your hair cut?Sochingizni qayerda oldirdingiz?
We should get the windows cleaned.Derazalarni tozalatishimiz kerak.

get ba’zan qiyinchilik bilan yoki tezda qilinganini ham ko‘rsatadi: I finally got the TV fixed. (Nihoyat televizorni tuzattirdim.)

Barcha zamonlarda

have (yoki get) zamonga qarab o‘zgaradi, qolgan qism o‘zgarmaydi.

Zamon	Misol
Present Simple	I have my car washed every week.
Present Continuous	I’m having my car washed now.
Past Simple	I had my car washed.
Present Perfect	I’ve had my car washed.
Future	I’ll have my car washed.
Modal	You should have it checked.
going to	I’m going to have it fixed.

We’re having the kitchen painted.Oshxonani bo‘yatyapmiz.
Have you had your hair cut? It looks great!Sochingizni oldirdingizmi? Zo‘r ko‘rinadi!
I’ll have the documents sent to you tomorrow.Hujjatlarni ertaga sizga yubortiraman.
You must have your passport renewed.Pasportingizni yangilatishingiz shart.

Inkor va savol

have — oddiy fe’l kabi ishlaydi, shuning uchun inkor va savolda do / does / did kerak.

I didn’t have my car repaired. I did it myself.Mashinamni tuzattirmadim. O‘zim qildim.
Did you have your hair cut?Sochingizni oldirdingizmi?
Where do you have your clothes cleaned?Kiyimlaringizni qayerda tozalatasiz?
How often do you get your car serviced?Mashinangizni qanchalik tez-tez texnik ko‘rikdan o‘tkazasiz?

Noxush voqealar

have + narsa + V3 faqat buyurtma emas. U kimgadir noxush voqea sodir bo‘lganini ham bildiradi — buyurtma qilmagan holda.

He had his phone stolen.Uning telefoni o‘g‘irlandi.
She had her bag snatched in the market.Uning sumkasini bozorda tortib ketishdi.
We had our car damaged in the storm.Bo‘ronda mashinamiz shikastlandi.
I had my passport stolen while I was travelling.Sayohat paytida pasportim o‘g‘irlandi.

Bu holatda ega — jabrlanuvchi, ishni qilgan odam esa noma’lum.

Bosqichma-bosqich

Misol: “Men kompyuterimni tuzattirdim.”

Ega: I (buyurtmachi).
have zamonda: Past Simple → had.
Narsa: my computer.
Fe’l 3-shaklda: repair → repaired.

NatijaI had my computer repaired.

Misol: “Ertaga uyimizni bo‘yatamiz.”

Ega: we. Kelajak, reja: are having (yoki are going to have).
Narsa: our house. V3: painted.

NatijaWe’re having our house painted tomorrow.

Misol: “Ko‘zingizni tekshirtirishingiz kerak.”

Maslahat: should.
have (asosiy shakl, modaldan keyin) + your eyes + tested.

NatijaYou should have your eyes tested.

So‘z tartibiga diqqat

Tartib ma’noni butunlay o‘zgartiradi!

have + V3 + narsaPast Perfect — o‘zim qilgan edim: I had repaired my car.

have + narsa + V3Kauzativ — boshqaga qildirdim: I had my car repaired.

I had repaired my car.Mashinamni o‘zim tuzatgan edim. (Past Perfect)
I had my car repaired.Mashinamni tuzattirdim. (boshqa odam)
She had cut her hair.U sochini (o‘zi) kesgan edi.
She had her hair cut.U sochini oldirdi.

Odamni ishga solish

Ba’zan kimgadir ish buyurish, uni ko‘ndirish, majbur qilish yoki ruxsat berish haqida gapiramiz. Bunda odam aytiladi va har bir fe’lning o‘z qolipi bor.

have + odam + fe’lRasmiy buyruq: I’ll have my secretary call you.

get + odam + to + fe’lKo‘ndirish: I got him to sign it.

make + odam + fe’lMajbur qilish: She made me apologise.

let + odam + fe’lRuxsat: They let us leave.

I’ll have my assistant send you the details.Yordamchimga sizga tafsilotlarni yubortiraman.
I finally got my brother to help me.Nihoyat akamni yordam berishga ko‘ndirdim.
The teacher made us stay after class.O‘qituvchi bizni darsdan keyin qoldirdi.
My parents made me study every evening.Ota-onam meni har oqshom o‘qishga majbur qilardi.
My father let me drive his car.Otam mashinasini haydashimga ruxsat berdi.
Don’t let the children play near the road.Bolalarni yo‘l yaqinida o‘ynashga qo‘ymang.

Diqqat: faqat get dan keyin to keladi. have, make, let dan keyin to yo‘q!

He made me wait.U meni kutishga majbur qildi. (made me to wait emas)
She let me use her phone.U telefonidan foydalanishimga ruxsat berdi. (let me to use emas)
I got him to fix it.Uni tuzatishga ko‘ndirdim. (to bor)

make — majhul nisbatda to paydo bo‘ladi

They made me wait.Ular meni kutishga majbur qilishdi.
I was made to wait.Kutishga majbur qilindim. (majhulda to bor!)

Kundalik ishlar

Kauzativ kundalik hayotda juda ko‘p ishlatiladi:

Ibora	Ma’nosi
have your hair cut	soch oldirmoq
have your car repaired / serviced	mashina tuzattirmoq / texnik ko‘rikdan o‘tkazmoq
have your eyes tested	ko‘z tekshirtirmoq
have your teeth checked	tish tekshirtirmoq
have a suit made	kostyum tiktirmoq
have a photo taken	suratga tushmoq
have your house painted	uyni bo‘yatmoq
have something delivered	biror narsani yetkazib berishlarini so‘ramoq

We’re having the kitchen painted.Oshxonani bo‘yatyapmiz.
I need to get my eyes tested.Ko‘zimni tekshirtirishim kerak.
Where do you have your hair cut?Sochingizni qayerda oldirasiz?
We had our photo taken at the wedding.To‘yda suratga tushdik.
Can I have this delivered to my house?Buni uyimga yetkazib bera olasizmi?

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

✗ ~~I cut my hair at the barber’s.~~

✓ I had my hair cut at the barber’s.

Boshqa odam qilgan bo‘lsa, causative.

✗ ~~I had repaired my car. (tuzattirdim ma’nosida)~~

✓ I had my car repaired.

Tartib: narsa + 3-shakl.

✗ ~~He made me to wait.~~

✓ He made me wait.

make dan keyin to yo‘q.

✗ ~~She let me to go.~~

✓ She let me go.

let dan keyin to yo‘q.

✗ ~~I got him fix it.~~

✓ I got him to fix it.

get + odam + to.

✗ ~~I had my car repair.~~

✓ I had my car repaired.

V3 kerak.

✗ ~~I’m going to repair my car at the garage.~~

✓ I’m going to have my car repaired at the garage.

Ustaga — kauzativ.

✗ ~~Did you had your hair cut?~~

✓ Did you have your hair cut?

did dan keyin have.

✗ ~~I had stolen my phone. (o‘g‘irlandi)~~

✓ I had my phone stolen.

Noxush voqea — have + narsa + V3.

Eslab qoling: have / get + narsa + V3 — ishni boshqa odam qiladi. make / let + odam + fe’l (to yo‘q), get + odam + to + fe’l.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

To‘yga tayyorgarlik

— Are you ready for your sister’s wedding?— Singlingizning to‘yiga tayyormisiz?
— Almost. I had a new suit made last week.— Deyarli. O‘tgan hafta yangi kostyum tiktirdim.
— And your hair?— Sochingiz-chi?
— I’m having it cut tomorrow morning.— Ertaga ertalab oldiraman.
— What about the car?— Mashina-chi?
— I got it washed and decorated with flowers.— Uni yuvdirdim va gullar bilan bezattirdim.
— And did you get your brother to help with the guests?— Akangizni mehmonlarga yordam berishga ko‘ndirdingizmi?
— Yes, finally!— Ha, nihoyat!

Kichik matn

Last month we moved into a new flat. It needed a lot of work. We had the walls painted, had new windows put in and had the bathroom renovated. My husband wanted to do everything himself, but I made him call a professional. We also had new furniture delivered from Tashkent. Unfortunately, on the first day we had our car scratched in the car park. But now everything is ready and we love our new home!

O‘zingizni tekshiring

I ___ (my car / service) every year. → have my car serviced
She ___ (her hair / dye) red last week. → had her hair dyed
We’re ___ (our house / paint) next month. → having our house painted
He ___ (his wallet / steal) on the bus. → had his wallet stolen
Men ko‘zoynagimni tuzattirishim kerak. → I need to have my glasses repaired.
O‘qituvchi bizni yana bir bor yozishga majbur qildi. → The teacher made us write it again.
Men uni menga yordam berishga ko‘ndirdim. → I got him to help me.
Xatoni toping: My mother let me to stay up late. → My mother let me stay up late.

Qisqa xulosa

have / get + narsa + V3 — ishni boshqa odam qiladi: I had my hair cut.
get — so‘zlashuvda, have — neytral.
have zamonga qarab o‘zgaradi: have, had, am having, will have.
Noxush voqealar: He had his phone stolen.
Tartib muhim: had my car repaired (kauzativ) ≠ had repaired my car (Past Perfect).
have / make / let + odam + fe’l (to yo‘q).
get + odam + to + fe’l.
Majhulda: I was made to wait.