Third Conditional — Shart gaplar: 3-tur

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Third Conditional — “afsus” shart gapi. O‘tmish tugagan, uni o‘zgartirib bo‘lmaydi. Lekin biz tasavvurda orqaga qaytamiz va aytamiz: “Agar o‘shanda boshqacha bo‘lganida edi...”

O‘zbekchada bu -ganimda edi, -gan bo‘lardim shakliga to‘g‘ri keladi: o‘qiganimda edi, o‘tgan bo‘lardim.

If I had studied, I would have passed.O‘qiganimda edi, o‘tgan bo‘lardim.

Muhim: bu gapdagi hamma narsa aksincha o‘qiladi. If I had studied, I would have passed degani aslida: “Men o‘qimadim va o‘tmadim.” Third Conditional doim bo‘lmagan voqea haqida.

TuzilishiIf + Past Perfect, would have + 3-shakl

HaqiqatGapning teskarisi — bo‘lishli → inkor, inkor → bo‘lishli

If I had studied, I would have passed.O‘qiganimda edi, o‘tgan bo‘lardim. (lekin o‘qimadim)
If she had left earlier, she wouldn’t have missed the train.Ertaroq chiqqanida, poyezdga kechikmagan bo‘lardi.
What would you have done if you had seen him?Uni ko‘rganingizda nima qilgan bo‘lardingiz?
We could have won if we had tried harder.Ko‘proq harakat qilganimizda, yutishimiz mumkin edi.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

Third Conditional qanday tuziladi.
Haqiqatga qaytarib tekshirish.
Bo‘lishli va inkor almashinuvi.
would have o‘rnida could have va might have.
’d ning ikki ma’nosi: had va would.
To‘rtta shart gap turini solishtirish va eng ko‘p xatolar.

Qanday tuziladi?

if qismiIf + ega + had + V3: If I had known, If she had come

natija qismiega + would have + V3: I would have helped, she would have seen

Ikkala qismda ham fe’lning 3-shakli (V3). Farqi: if qismida — had, natija qismida — would have.

If you had told me, I would have helped you.Menga aytganingizda, sizga yordam bergan bo‘lardim.
If it hadn’t rained, we would have gone to the beach.Yomg‘ir yog‘maganida, plyajga borgan bo‘lardik.
If they had invited me, I would have come.Ular meni taklif qilganida, kelgan bo‘lardim.
She would have bought the dress if it had been cheaper.Ko‘ylak arzonroq bo‘lganida, u uni sotib olgan bo‘lardi.

Tartibni almashtirish mumkin. If birinchi bo‘lsa — vergul, natija birinchi bo‘lsa — vergul yo‘q.

Qachon ishlatiladi?

1. Afsus

O‘tmishdagi xato yoki imkoniyatni boy berganimizdan afsuslanamiz.

If I had known about the sale, I would have bought more.Chegirma haqida bilganimda, ko‘proq sotib olgan bo‘lardim.
If I had listened to my parents, I wouldn’t have made that mistake.Ota-onamga quloq solganimda, u xatoga yo‘l qo‘ymagan bo‘lardim.

2. Tanqid

Boshqa odamning o‘tmishdagi xatosini ko‘rsatamiz.

If you had been more careful, you wouldn’t have broken it.Ehtiyotkorroq bo‘lganingizda, uni sindirmagan bo‘lardingiz.
If he had driven slower, the accident wouldn’t have happened.U sekinroq haydaganida, avariya bo‘lmagan bo‘lardi.

3. Yengillik

Yomon narsa bo‘lmaganidan xursandmiz.

If you hadn’t helped me, I would have failed.Siz yordam bermaganingizda, men muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchragan bo‘lardim.
If the doctor hadn’t come quickly, he would have died.Shifokor tez kelmaganida, u vafot etgan bo‘lardi.

4. O‘tmish haqida xayol

If I had been born in Japan, I would have learned Japanese.Yaponiyada tug‘ilganimda, yapon tilini o‘rgangan bo‘lardim.
What would you have done if you had won the lottery last year?O‘tgan yili lotereya yutganingizda nima qilgan bo‘lardingiz?

Haqiqatga qaytarib tekshiring

Third Conditional gapni tushunishning eng yaxshi usuli — uni haqiqatga aylantirish. Bo‘lishli qism inkorga, inkor qism bo‘lishliga aylanadi.

If she had known, she would have called.Bilganida edi, qo‘ng‘iroq qilgan bo‘lardi.
→ She didn’t know. She didn’t call.Haqiqat: u bilmagan, qo‘ng‘iroq qilmagan.
If I hadn’t missed the bus, I would have arrived on time.Avtobusdan qolmaganimda, vaqtida yetib kelgan bo‘lardim.
→ I missed the bus. I didn’t arrive on time.Haqiqat: avtobusdan qoldim, kechikdim.

Xayolda ijobiy va salbiy

Haqiqat bo‘lishli bo‘lsa, shart inkor bo‘ladi va aksincha.

I missed the bus. → If I hadn’t missed the bus, I would have arrived.Avtobusga kechikmaganimda, yetib kelgan bo‘lardim.
I didn’t go to the party. → If I had gone to the party, I would have met her.Bazmga borganimda, u bilan tanishgan bo‘lardim.
It rained. We stayed home. → If it hadn’t rained, we wouldn’t have stayed home.Yomg‘ir yog‘maganida, uyda qolmagan bo‘lardik.

Bosqichma-bosqich

Misol: “Ertaroq chiqqanimda, kechikmagan bo‘lardim.”

Haqiqat: kech chiqdim, kechikdim.
If qismi (Past Perfect): If I had left earlier.
Natija (would have + V3): I wouldn’t have been late.

NatijaIf I had left earlier, I wouldn’t have been late.

Misol: “Agar ob-havo yaxshi bo‘lganida, biz piknikka borgan bo‘lardik.”

Haqiqat: ob-havo yomon edi, bormadik.
If: If the weather had been good.
Natija: we would have gone on a picnic.

NatijaIf the weather had been good, we would have gone on a picnic.

Misol: “Siz menga aytmaganingizda, men hech qachon bilmagan bo‘lardim.”

Haqiqat: siz aytdingiz, men bildim.
If (inkor): If you hadn’t told me.
Natija (inkor): I would never have known.

NatijaIf you hadn’t told me, I would never have known.

would have o‘rnida could have va might have

Natija qismida would have o‘rniga boshqa modal fe’llar ham kelishi mumkin:

would have + V3...gan bo‘lardim (aniq natija)

could have + V3...a olgan bo‘lardim (imkoniyat)

might have + V3balki ...gan bo‘lardim (ehtimol)

If I had known, I could have helped.Bilganimda, yordam bera olgan bo‘lardim.
If we had left earlier, we might have caught the train.Ertaroq chiqqanimizda, balki poyezdga ulgurgan bo‘lardik.
We could have won if we had tried harder.Ko‘proq harakat qilganimizda, yutishimiz mumkin edi.
If you hadn’t helped me, I might have failed.Yordam bermaganingizda, balki muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchragan bo‘lardim.

should have va could have bilan bog‘lash

Third Conditional ko‘pincha should have (qilishim kerak edi) va could have (qila olardim) bilan birga ishlatiladi — afsus va tanqid uchun.

I should have left earlier. If I had, I wouldn’t have been late.Ertaroq chiqishim kerak edi. Chiqqanimda, kechikmasdim.
You should have asked me. I could have helped you.Mendan so‘rashingiz kerak edi. Sizga yordam bera olardim.

Qisqartma: ’d ning ikki ma’nosi

So‘zlashuvda ’d ikki xil ma’no beradi va bitta gapda ikkalasi ham uchrashi mumkin:

If I’d + V3’d = had: If I’d known...

I’d have + V3’d = would: ...I’d have come.

If I’d known, I’d have come.Bilganimda, kelgan bo‘lardim.
= If I had known, I would have come.to‘liq shakl

Ajratish usuli: ’d dan keyin nima kelishiga qarang:

’d + V3 (known, gone, seen) → had;
’d + have → would.

Tez nutqda would have — “wouldve” yoki hatto “woulda” deb eshitiladi. Yozuvda would of — xato.

Barcha shart gaplar

Tur	Tuzilishi	Ma’nosi	Misol
0	If + Present, Present	Doimiy haqiqat	If you heat ice, it melts.
1	If + Present, will + fe’l	Real kelajak	If it rains, I’ll stay home.
2	If + Past, would + fe’l	Hozirgi xayol	If I had money, I’d buy a car.
3	If + Past Perfect, would have + V3	O‘tmishdagi xayol	If I had studied, I’d have passed.

If I have time, I’ll call you.Vaqtim bo‘lsa, qo‘ng‘iroq qilaman. (1 — mumkin)
If I had time, I’d call you.Vaqtim bo‘lganida, qo‘ng‘iroq qilardim. (2 — vaqtim yo‘q)
If I had had time, I’d have called you.Vaqtim bo‘lganida, qo‘ng‘iroq qilgan bo‘lardim. (3 — o‘tmishda vaqtim bo‘lmagan)

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

✗ ~~If I would have known, I would have come.~~

✓ If I had known, I would have come.

if qismida would kelmaydi.

✗ ~~If I had known, I would came.~~

✓ If I had known, I would have come.

would have + 3-shakl.

✗ ~~If I knew, I would have helped. (o‘tmish)~~

✓ If I had known, I would have helped.

O‘tmish shart — Past Perfect.

✗ ~~If she had came, ...~~

✓ If she had come, ...

had + V3: come — came — come.

✗ ~~I would of told you.~~

✓ I would have told you.

of emas, have.

✗ ~~If I had saw it, I would have bought it.~~

✓ If I had seen it, I would have bought it.

see — saw — seen.

✗ ~~If he hadn’t been late, he would catch the train.~~

✓ ..., he would have caught the train.

O‘tmish natija — would have.

✗ ~~If we would have left earlier...~~

✓ If we had left earlier...

if qismida had.

Eslab qoling: If + had + V3, would have + V3. Gap doim bo‘lmagan o‘tmish haqida — haqiqat uning teskarisi.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Imtihondan keyin

— How was the exam?— Imtihon qanday o‘tdi?
— Terrible. If I had studied more, I would have passed.— Dahshatli. Ko‘proq o‘qiganimda, o‘tgan bo‘lardim.
— Why didn’t you study?— Nega o‘qimadingiz?
— I was ill. If I hadn’t been ill, I would have prepared better.— Kasal edim. Kasal bo‘lmaganimda, yaxshiroq tayyorlangan bo‘lardim.
— You should have told the teacher. She might have let you take it later.— O‘qituvchiga aytishingiz kerak edi. Balki keyinroq topshirishga ruxsat bergan bo‘lardi.

Hayotdagi tasodif

Ten years ago I almost didn’t go to my friend’s birthday party. I was tired and wanted to stay home. But my sister made me go. If I hadn’t gone to that party, I wouldn’t have met my husband. If we hadn’t met, we wouldn’t have got married. And if we hadn’t got married, I wouldn’t have had my two wonderful children. Sometimes one small decision changes everything!

O‘zingizni tekshiring

If I ___ (know) you were coming, I ___ (cook) dinner. → had known / would have cooked
If she ___ (not / miss) the bus, she ___ (not / be) late. → hadn’t missed / wouldn’t have been
We ___ (win) if we ___ (play) better. → would have won / had played
Haqiqatga aylantiring: If he had asked me, I would have helped. → He didn’t ask me. I didn’t help.
Menga qo‘ng‘iroq qilganingizda, sizni olib ketgan bo‘lardim. → If you had called me, I would have picked you up.
Ertaroq turganimda, avtobusga ulgurgan bo‘lardim. → If I had got up earlier, I would have caught the bus.
Siz bo‘lmaganingizda, men buni qila olmagan bo‘lardim. → If you hadn’t been there, I couldn’t have done it.
Xatoni toping: If I would have seen him, I would have said hello. → If I had seen him, I would have said hello.

Qisqa xulosa

Tuzilishi: If + Past Perfect, would have + V3.
O‘tmishdagi bo‘lmagan voqea va uning xayoliy natijasi.
Haqiqat — gapning teskarisi: If I had studied → I didn’t study.
Ko‘pincha afsus, tanqid yoki yengillik bildiradi.
if qismida would ishlatilmaydi.
Natijada could have (imkoniyat) va might have (ehtimol) ham bo‘ladi.
’d + V3 = had, ’d + have = would.
would of — xato, to‘g‘ri: would have.