Adjective + Infinitive — Sifat + to + fe’l

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Ko‘p sifatlardan keyin to + fe’l keladi: It’s easy to learn. (O‘rganish oson.) I’m happy to help. (Yordam berishdan xursandman.)

Bu tuzilmaning ikki asosiy turi bor:

It is + sifat + to + fe’l — ishga baho beradi: It’s important to sleep well.
Odam + be + sifat + to + fe’l — odamning hissi: I’m glad to see you.

BahoIt’s + sifat + to + fe’l: It’s difficult to understand.

Hisega + be + sifat + to + fe’l: She was surprised to hear it.

Kim uchunIt’s + sifat + for + kim + to + fe’l: It’s hard for me to wake up early.

It’s dangerous to swim here.Bu yerda suzish xavfli.
It’s nice to meet you.Tanishganimdan xursandman.
I’m sorry to hear that.Buni eshitib afsuslandim.
It’s easy for children to learn languages.Bolalar uchun til o‘rganish oson.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

It is + sifat + to + fe’l.
It is + sifat + for + kim + to + fe’l.
his-tuyg‘u sifatlari: glad, happy, sorry, surprised + to.
Narsa haqida: This book is easy to read.
too / enough + to (qisqacha).
-ing bilan almashtirish.

It is + sifat + to

It — “bo‘sh ega”, haqiqiy ega — to + fe’l:

It’s important to drink water.Suv ichish muhim.
It’s impossible to sleep with this noise.Bu shovqinda uxlab bo‘lmaydi.
It was interesting to visit the museum.Muzeyga borish qiziqarli bo‘ldi.
Is it safe to walk here at night?Bu yerda kechasi yurish xavfsizmi?

Ko‘p ishlatiladigan sifatlar: easy, difficult, hard, important, necessary, possible, impossible, dangerous, safe, nice, good, interesting, boring, expensive.

for + kim

Ish kim uchun oson/qiyin ekanini aytish — for + kim:

It’s hard for me to get up early.Men uchun erta turish qiyin.
It’s important for children to play outside.Bolalar uchun tashqarida o‘ynash muhim.
Is it easy for you to understand him?Uni tushunish siz uchun osonmi?

Diqqat: It’s hard for me get up — xato. to kerak.

His-tuyg‘u sifatlari

Odam nima his qilgani va nima sababdan — sifat + to:

Sifat	Misol
glad / happy / pleased	I’m glad to hear you’re better.
sorry	I’m sorry to hear about your father.
surprised	We were surprised to see him there.
sad	She was sad to leave.
afraid	I’m afraid to tell him.
ready	Are you ready to go?
lucky	You’re lucky to be alive!

Narsa haqida

Ega narsa bo‘lishi ham mumkin — gap qisqaroq bo‘ladi:

It + sifat + toIt’s easy to read this book.

Narsa + sifat + toThis book is easy to read.

This question is difficult to answer.Bu savolga javob berish qiyin.
Uzbek plov is easy to make? No!O‘zbek oshini pishirish osonmi? Yo‘q!
The instructions were hard to follow.Ko‘rsatmalarga amal qilish qiyin edi.

Diqqat: This book is easy to read it — xato (it ortiqcha).

too / enough + to

The coffee is too hot to drink.Qahva ichish uchun juda issiq.
He’s old enough to drive.U mashina haydash uchun yetarlicha katta.

-ing bilan

Ba’zan to o‘rniga -ing ishlatilsa ham bo‘ladi (ega sifatida):

It’s fun to swim. = Swimming is fun.

Odamning xarakteri: kind of you

Odamning xarakteri haqida gapirganda for emas, of ishlatiladi:

of + kishi (xarakter)	for + kishi (vaziyat)
It’s kind of you* to help.* — Yordam berganingiz mehribonlik.	It’s hard for me* to wake up early.* — Men uchun erta turish qiyin.
kind, nice, clever, stupid, rude, generous, silly	easy, hard, difficult, important, necessary

It’s very kind of you to invite me.Meni taklif qilganingiz juda mehribonlik.
It was stupid of me to forget my keys.Kalitlarimni unutganim ahmoqlik edi.
It’s generous of your parents to pay for the trip.Ota-onangizning sayohat uchun to‘lashi saxiylik.
That was rude of him to leave without saying goodbye.Xayrlashmay ketgani qo‘pollik edi.

Test: You are kind deyish mumkinmi? Ha → of. Waking up early is hard deyish mumkinmi? Ha → for.

Sifat + to + fe’l: be sure / likely / certain

Ba’zi sifatlar ehtimol va ishonchni bildiradi:

He’s sure to win.U albatta yutadi.
It’s likely to rain.Yomg‘ir yog‘ishi ehtimoli bor.
She’s certain to pass the exam.U imtihondan albatta o‘tadi.
They’re unlikely to come.Ularning kelishi dargumon.

Batafsil — B2 darajasidagi “Ehtimol va muqarrarlik” darsida.

Ot + to + fe’l

Sifatdan tashqari, ba’zi otlardan keyin ham to + fe’l keladi:

It’s a pleasure to meet you.Siz bilan tanishganimdan xursandman.
It’s a good idea to book in advance.Oldindan band qilish yaxshi fikr.
It’s a pity to waste food.Ovqatni isrof qilish achinarli.
It’s time to go.Ketish vaqti keldi.
I have a lot of work to do.Qiladigan ishim ko‘p.

the first / the last / the only + to

Tartib so‘zlaridan keyin ham to + fe’l:

She was the first to arrive.U birinchi bo‘lib keldi.
He was the last to leave.U oxirgi bo‘lib ketdi.
You’re the only one to know my secret.Mening sirimni biladigan yagona odam sensan.

Bosqichma-bosqich

Ishga baho beryapsizmi? → It’s + sifat + to + fe’l.
Kim uchun? → for + kim qo‘shing.
Odamning hissimi? → I’m + sifat + to + fe’l.

Misol: “Men uchun matematikani tushunish qiyin.”

NatijaIt’s difficult for me to understand maths.

Misol: “Sizni ko‘rganimdan xursandman.”

NatijaI’m happy to see you.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

✗ ~~It’s easy learn English.~~

✓ It’s easy to learn English.

to kerak.

✗ ~~It’s difficult for me understand.~~

✓ It’s difficult for me to understand.

for + kim + to.

✗ ~~Is difficult to say.~~

✓ It’s difficult to say.

It — ega.

✗ ~~This book is easy to read it.~~

✓ This book is easy to read.

it ortiqcha.

✗ ~~I’m happy for see you.~~

✓ I’m happy to see you.

sifat + to.

✗ ~~It’s important that to sleep.~~

✓ It’s important to sleep.

that ortiqcha.

✗ ~~It’s hard to me to wake up.~~

✓ It’s hard for me to wake up.

Kim uchun — for.

✗ ~~It’s kind for you to help.~~

✓ It’s kind of you to help.

Xarakter — of.

✗ ~~It’s difficult of me to understand.~~

✓ It’s difficult for me to understand.

Vaziyat — for.

✗ ~~He’s sure winning.~~

✓ He’s sure to win.

sure + to.

✗ ~~It’s time going home.~~

✓ It’s time to go home.

time to.

✗ ~~She was the first arriving.~~

✓ She was the first to arrive.

the first + to.

Eslab qoling: It’s + sifat + (for + kim) + to + fe’l. His: I’m glad / sorry / surprised + to.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Yangi shahar haqida

— How do you like Seoul?— Seul qanday yoqyaptimi?
— It’s exciting to live here, but it was hard for me to find a flat.— Bu yerda yashash qiziq, lekin men uchun kvartira topish qiyin bo‘ldi.
— And the language?— Til-chi?
— Korean is difficult to learn, but people are happy to help.— Koreys tilini o‘rganish qiyin, lekin odamlar yordam berishdan xursand.
— Is it expensive to eat out?— Tashqarida ovqatlanish qimmatmi?
— Not really. I was surprised to see how cheap street food is!— Unchalik emas. Ko‘cha ovqati qanchalik arzonligini ko‘rib hayron qoldim!

Mehmon kutish

— Thank you for coming! It’s lovely to see you.— Kelganingiz uchun rahmat! Sizni ko‘rganimdan xursandman.
— It was kind of you to invite us.— Bizni taklif qilganingiz mehribonlik.
— Please sit down. Was it easy to find the house?— Iltimos, o‘tiring. Uyni topish oson bo‘ldimi?
— Not really. It was hard for us to find parking.— Unchalik emas. Mashina qo‘yadigan joy topish biz uchun qiyin bo‘ldi.
— Sorry about that. You’re the first to arrive!— Uzr. Siz birinchi bo‘lib keldingiz!
— It’s nice to be early for once!— Bir marta bo‘lsa ham erta kelish yoqimli!

Kichik matn: “Birinchi haydovchilik darsi”

Yesterday I had my first driving lesson. I was nervous to start, but my instructor was patient and it was easy to talk to him. At first it was difficult for me to remember everything — the mirrors, the pedals, the signals. I stopped suddenly, and it was silly of me to panic. “It’s normal to make mistakes,” he said. “It’s important to stay calm.” After an hour, I was happy to drive around the car park alone. I’m sure to pass the test in a few months!

Matnda sifat + to + fe’l tuzilmalarini toping. Qaysi joylarda for yoki of ishlatilgan?

O‘zingizni tekshiring

It’s dangerous ___ ___ (drive) fast. → to drive
It’s hard ___ me ___ ___ (say) no. → for / to say
I’m sorry ___ ___ (hear) that. → to hear
This machine is easy ___ ___ (use). → to use
Tuzating: It’s important learn grammar. → It’s important to learn grammar.
Tuzating: This song is easy to sing it. → This song is easy to sing.
Meni taklif qilganingiz mehribonlik. → It’s kind of you to invite me.
Men uchun erta turish qiyin. → It’s hard for me to wake up early.
Ketish vaqti keldi. → It’s time to go.
U birinchi bo‘lib keldi. → She was the first to arrive.

Qisqa xulosa

It’s + sifat + to + fe’l — baho: It’s easy to learn.
It’s + sifat + for + kim + to + fe’l: It’s hard for me to wake up.
His: glad, happy, sorry, surprised, ready, afraid + to.
Narsa ega bo‘lsa: This book is easy to read (it ortiqcha emas).
too + sifat + to, sifat + enough + to.