Days, Months and Seasons

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Hafta kunlari, oylar va fasllar har kuni kerak bo‘ladi: uchrashuv belgilash, tug‘ilgan kunni aytish, sayohat rejasi. Ikki narsani eslab qoling:

1. Kunlar va oylar — doim katta harf bilan: Monday, May. Fasllar — kichik harf: summer.
2. Predloglar: kunlar bilan on, oylar va fasllar bilan in.

• See you on Monday.Dushanba kuni ko‘rishamiz.
• My birthday is in April.Tug‘ilgan kunim aprelda.
• It’s very hot in summer.Yozda juda issiq bo‘ladi.
• Navruz is on the 21st of March.Navro‘z 21-martda.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. Hafta kunlari va qisqartmalari.
2. 12 oy nomlari.
3. To‘rt fasl.
4. on va in predloglari.
5. every, next, last bilan predlog ishlatilmasligi.
6. weekend va weekday.

Hafta kunlari

Talaffuz: Wednesday — “uenzdey” (birinchi d aytilmaydi).

weekdays — ish kunlari (dushanba–juma), the weekend — dam olish kunlari (shanba–yakshanba).

Oylar

Fasllar

on yoki in?

• We have English on Tuesdays and Thursdays.Seshanba va payshanba kunlari ingliz tili bor.
• School starts on the 2nd of September.Maktab 2-sentabrda boshlanadi.
• I was born in 2008.Men 2008-yilda tug‘ilganman.
• We usually go to the mountains in August.Odatda avgustda tog‘ga boramiz.

Diqqat: on Mondays (ko‘plik) = har dushanba.

Predlogsiz holatlar

every, next, last, this dan oldin predlog qo‘yilmaydi:

• I go swimming every Saturday.Har shanba suzishga boraman.
• See you next Monday.Kelasi dushanba ko‘rishamiz.
• We met last summer.O‘tgan yoz tanishgan edik.
• I’m busy this week.Bu hafta bandman.

on next Monday — xato.

Weekend

Sanalarni aytish va yozish

Sanalarni Britaniya va Amerikada turlicha yozishadi va aytishadi:

• My birthday is on the 21st of March.Tug‘ilgan kunim 21-martda.
• Independence Day is on the 1st of September.Mustaqillik kuni 1-sentyabrda.
• I was born on 15 June 2005.Men 2005-yil 15-iyunda tug‘ilganman.

Diqqat: sanada tartib son ishlatiladi: the first, the second, the third, the twenty-first (the one of March — xato). Yozuvda: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 21st, 22nd, 23rd.

Diqqat: 3/5/2025 Britaniyada — 3-may, Amerikada — 5-mart! Rasmiy hujjatlarda oyni so‘z bilan yozish xavfsizroq.

Yillar

Yillarni aytishning ikki usuli bor:

• I was born in 1998 (nineteen ninety-eight).Men 1998-yilda tug‘ilganman.
• Uzbekistan became independent in 1991 (nineteen ninety-one).O‘zbekiston 1991-yilda mustaqil bo‘ldi.

this, next, last + kun / oy / fasl

this, next, last, every bilan predlog ishlatilmaydi:

• I’m busy this Friday.Shu juma bandman.
• We’re going to Turkey next summer.Kelasi yoz Turkiyaga boramiz.
• She started her new job last Monday.U o‘tgan dushanba yangi ishga kirdi.
• I visit my grandparents every Sunday.Har yakshanba bobo-buvimnikiga boraman.

on next Friday, in last summer — xato.

Hafta kunlarining qisqartmalari

Oylar: Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Aug, Sept, Oct, Nov, Dec (May, June, July — odatda to‘liq).

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. Kun yoki sana? → on.
2. Oy, fasl yoki yil? → in.
3. every, next, last, this bormi? → predlog yo‘q.
4. Katta harf: kun va oylar.

Misol: “Biz iyulda dengizga boramiz.”

1. Oy → in. Katta harf: July.

Misol: “Kelasi juma uchrashaylik.”

1. next bor → predlog yo‘q.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: on + kun/sana, in + oy/fasl/yil. next, last, every — predlogsiz.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Yillik reja

I love spring! My birthday is in April, on the 14th. In summer we go to Issyk-Kul. In September I start university again. My favourite day is Friday – on Friday evenings I meet my friends. Every Sunday we have lunch with my grandparents. Next winter I want to learn to ski!

Sayohat rejalash

• — When are you going on holiday?— Qachon ta’tilga ketyapsan?
• — On the 10th of July. We’re coming back on the 24th.— 10-iyulda. 24-da qaytamiz.
• — Lovely! Where are you going?— Ajoyib! Qayerga borasizlar?
• — To Georgia. We went to Turkey last summer, so we want somewhere new this year.— Gruziyaga. O‘tgan yozda Turkiyaga borgandik, bu yil yangi joyni xohlaymiz.
• — Is it hot there in July?— Iyulda u yerda issiq bo‘ladimi?
• — Yes, but it’s cooler in the mountains.— Ha, lekin tog‘larda salqinroq.

Kichik matn: “Oilamizdagi muhim sanalar”

There are many important dates in my family. My father’s birthday is on the 3rd of January, in winter. My mother was born on the 8th of March — so we celebrate two holidays on the same day! My birthday is in summer, on the 15th of August. My parents got married in 1999 (nineteen ninety-nine). Every year, in spring, we celebrate Navruz with all our relatives. Next month, my sister is getting married — the wedding is on Saturday, the 12th of October. I can’t wait!

Matndagi sanalarni toping va ularni ovoz chiqarib o‘qing. Qaysi joylarda on, qaysi joylarda in ishlatilgan va qaysilarida predlog umuman yo‘q?

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. I was born ___ March. → in
2. See you ___ Saturday. → on
3. We go skiing ___ winter. → in
4. The party is ___ the 3rd of June. → on
5. I visit my parents ___ Sunday. (har yakshanba, every) → every
6. Tuzating: on next week → next week
7. Tug‘ilgan kunim 1-aprelda. → My birthday is on the first of April.
8. 1998 qanday o‘qiladi? → nineteen ninety-eight
9. Kelasi yoz Turkiyaga boramiz. → We’re going to Turkey next summer.
10. Men 2005-yilda tug‘ilganman. → I was born in 2005.

Qisqa xulosa

• Kunlar: Monday... Sunday; oylar: January... December — katta harf.
• Fasllar: spring, summer, autumn, winter — kichik harf.
• on + kun, sana: on Monday, on 5th May.
• in + oy, fasl, yil: in May, in summer, in 2025.
• every, next, last, this — predlogsiz.
• at the weekend (BrE) / on the weekend (AmE).