First, Then, After that

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Voqeani, retseptni yoki yo‘riqnomani tartib bilan aytib berish uchun maxsus so‘zlar ishlatiladi: first (avval), then (keyin), after that (undan keyin), finally (oxirida). Ular sequencers (tartib so‘zlari) deyiladi va matnni tushunarli, ravon qiladi.

• First, wash the rice.Avval guruchni yuving.
• Then cut the carrots.Keyin sabzini to‘g‘rang.
• After that, fry the meat.Undan keyin go‘shtni qovuring.
• Finally, add the rice and wait.Oxirida guruchni soling va kuting.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. Boshlash: first, first of all.
2. Davom ettirish: then, next, after that, later.
3. Tugatish: finally, in the end, at last.
4. before va after + ot / -ing.
5. Vergul qoidasi.
6. Hikoya va yo‘riqnomada ishlatish.

Boshlash

• First, open the app.Avval ilovani oching.
• First of all, I want to thank you.Avvalo, sizga rahmat aytmoqchiman.
• To begin with, we didn’t like the city.Boshida bizga shahar yoqmadi.

Davom ettirish

Diqqat: After, we went home. — xato. after yolg‘iz kelmaydi. To‘g‘ri: After that, ... yoki Afterwards, ...

Tugatish

• We looked everywhere. In the end, we found the keys in the car.Hamma joyni qidirdik. Oxir-oqibat kalitlarni mashinadan topdik.
• At last! I’ve finished my homework!Nihoyat! Uy vazifamni tugatdim!

before va after

before va after — predlog sifatida ot yoki -ing bilan:

• Before breakfast, I go for a run.Nonushtadan oldin yugurgani chiqaman.
• After lunch, we went to the museum.Tushlikdan keyin muzeyga bordik.
• After finishing work, I went home.Ishni tugatgach uyga ketdim.
• Wash your hands before eating.Ovqatlanishdan oldin qo‘lingizni yuving.

Vergul

First, Next, After that, Finally — odatda vergul bilan. Then — ko‘pincha vergulsiz:

Retsept va ko‘rsatmalarda

Ketma-ketlik so‘zlari retseptlar, ko‘rsatmalar va yo‘riqnomalarda juda ko‘p ishlatiladi:

• First, wash the rice.Avval guruchni yuving.
• Next, cut the carrots and onions.Keyin sabzi va piyozni to‘g‘rang.
• After that, fry the meat in hot oil.Shundan so‘ng go‘shtni qizigan yog‘da qovuring.
• Then, add the carrots and cook for ten minutes.Keyin sabzini qo‘shib, o‘n daqiqa pishiring.
• Finally, add the rice and water.Nihoyat, guruch va suvni qo‘shing.

Ko‘rsatmalarda raqamlar ham ishlatiladi: Step 1, Step 2... yoki Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly (rasmiyroq).

Hikoyada qo‘shimcha so‘zlar

Hikoyani jonliroq qilish uchun quyidagi so‘zlar qo‘shiladi:

• Suddenly, the lights went out.To‘satdan chiroqlar o‘chib qoldi.
• At first I didn’t like him, but later we became friends.Avvaliga uni yoqtirmasdim, lekin keyinroq do‘st bo‘lib qoldik.
• I was cooking. Meanwhile, my husband was cleaning.Men ovqat qilayotgan edim. Ayni paytda erim tozalayotgan edi.
• We waited for hours. Eventually, the bus came.Soatlab kutdik. Oxir-oqibat avtobus keldi.

at first va first farqi

Bu ikkisi ko‘p chalkashtiriladi:

• First, read the question carefully.Avval savolni diqqat bilan o‘qing.
• At first, I was nervous, but then I relaxed.Avvaliga hayajonlangandim, keyin xotirjam bo‘ldim.

in the end va at the end ham farqli: In the end — oxir-oqibat (natija); at the end of — biror narsaning oxirida: at the end of the film.

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. Voqealarni tartib bilan yozing.
2. Birinchisiga — First. O‘rtadagilariga — Then / Next / After that. Oxirgisiga — Finally / In the end.
3. Bir xil so‘zni takrorlamang — almashtirib ishlating.

Misol: Choy damlash

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: First → Then / Next / After that → Finally. after yolg‘iz emas: after that. before / after + -ing.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Kechagi kun

Yesterday was a busy day. First, I got up at 6 and went to the gym. Then I had a quick breakfast. After that, I went to work by metro. I had three meetings before lunch! After lunch, I worked on a report. Later, my friend called and we met at a café. We waited an hour for a table, but in the end we had a great dinner. Finally, I got home at 11. At last I could sleep!

Do‘stga yo‘l ko‘rsatish

• — How do I get to your house from the metro?— Metrodan uyingizga qanday boraman?
• — First, take exit 2. Then turn left.— Avval 2-chiqishdan chiq. Keyin chapga buril.
• — OK.— Xo‘p.
• — After that, walk past the bank. Next, cross the road at the lights.— Shundan so‘ng bank yonidan o‘t. Keyin svetoforda yo‘lni kesib o‘t.
• — And then?— Keyin-chi?
• — Finally, you’ll see a blue building. That’s mine!— Nihoyat, ko‘k binoni ko‘rasan. U meniki!

Kichik matn: “Birinchi marta osh pishirdim”

Last weekend I cooked plov for the first time. At first, I was nervous because it’s a difficult dish. First, I washed the rice and put it in water. Then I cut the meat, onions and carrots. After that, I heated the oil in a big pot. Suddenly, the oil started to smoke — it was too hot! I turned the heat down. Next, I fried the meat and onions. Meanwhile, my sister prepared a salad. Eventually, after two hours, the plov was ready. In the end, it was delicious, and my family asked for more!

Matndagi barcha ketma-ketlik so‘zlarini toping. First va At first qanday farq bilan ishlatilgan?

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. ___, open the box. (avval) → First
2. ___ ___, take out the instructions. (undan keyin) → After that
3. We waited for two hours. ___ ___ ___, the plane arrived. (oxir-oqibat) → In the end
4. Wash your hands before ___ (eat). → eating
5. Tuzating: After, we watched a film. → After that, we watched a film.
6. Avvaliga hayajonlandim, keyin tinchlandim. → At first I was nervous, but then I relaxed.
7. Avval savolni o‘qing. → First, read the question.
8. To‘satdan chiroqlar o‘chdi. → Suddenly, the lights went out.
9. Filmning oxirida u yig‘ladi. → At the end of the film, she cried.

Qisqa xulosa

• Boshlash: First, First of all, To begin with.
• Davom: Then, Next, After that, Afterwards, Later.
• Tugatish: Finally (oxirgi qadam), In the end (natijada), At last (nihoyat).
• after yolg‘iz kelmaydi — after that.
• before / after + ot yoki -ing: before lunch, after finishing.
• Vergul: First, ... After that, ... Finally, ...; Then — ko‘pincha vergulsiz.