Need

Oddiy qilib aytganda

need — “kerak”, “muhtoj bo‘lmoq”. O‘zbekchada biz “menga suv kerak”, “ketishim kerak”, “borishing shart emas” deymiz. Inglizchada bularning hammasi need bilan aytiladi, lekin u ikki xil ishlaydi:

• oddiy fe’l sifatida (eng ko‘p ishlatiladi): I need water. She needs to go. You don’t need to come.
• modal fe’l sifatida (asosan inkor shaklda, rasmiyroq): You needn’t come.

Eng muhim narsa — o‘zbekchadagi “kerak” so‘zi inglizchada ega bo‘lib emas, fe’l bo‘lib turadi. “Menga kitob kerak” → I need a book (so‘zma-so‘z: “Men kitobga muhtojman”). To me is needed a book deyilmaydi.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. need + ot va need + to + fe’l.
2. Inkor: don’t need to va needn’t.
3. need, must va have to farqi.
4. need + -ing: “...ish kerak” (majhul ma’no).
5. O‘tmishda: didn’t need to va needn’t have done.
6. Eng ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar.

need + ot

Biror narsaga ehtiyoj bo‘lsa, need dan keyin to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri ot keladi. need oddiy fe’l bo‘lgani uchun he / she / it bilan -s oladi.

• I need a new laptop.Menga yangi noutbuk kerak.
• She needs some help with her homework.Unga uy vazifasida biroz yordam kerak.
• We need more time.Bizga ko‘proq vaqt kerak.
• Do you need anything from the shop?Do‘kondan biror narsa kerakmi?
• Plants need water and light.O‘simliklarga suv va yorug‘lik kerak.

need odatda davomli zamonda ishlatilmaydi: I’m needing help emas, I need help.

need + to + fe’l

Biror ishni qilish kerak bo‘lsa, need to + fe’l ishlatiladi. Bu have to ga juda yaqin.

• I need to finish this report today.Bu hisobotni bugun tugatishim kerak.
• He needs to see a doctor.Unga shifokorga ko‘rinishi kerak.
• Do we need to book a table?Stolni oldindan band qilishimiz kerakmi?
• You need to be at the airport two hours before the flight.Parvozdan ikki soat oldin aeroportda bo‘lishingiz kerak.
• What do I need to bring?Nima olib kelishim kerak?

Inkor: don’t need to va needn’t

“Shart emas”, “kerak emas” ma’nosi ikki yo‘l bilan aytiladi. Ikkalasining ma’nosi bir xil — majburiyat yo‘q.

• You don’t need to take off your shoes.Poyabzalingizni yechishingiz shart emas.
• She doesn’t need to work on Saturdays.Unga shanba kunlari ishlash shart emas.
• You needn’t worry. Everything is fine.Xavotir olmang. Hammasi joyida.
• We needn’t hurry — the film starts at eight.Shoshilishimiz shart emas — film sakkizda boshlanadi.

Diqqat: needn’t dan keyin to qo‘yilmaydi va he / she bilan -s olmaydi: She needn’t come. (She needn’t to come, She needsn’t come — xato.)

needn’t va mustn’t — umuman boshqa ma’no

• You needn’t come.Kelishingiz shart emas. (xohlasangiz keling)
• You mustn’t come.Kelishingiz mumkin emas. (taqiq)

need, must va have to

need to ko‘pincha “buni qilish foydali, zarur” degan ohangda bo‘ladi. Shuning uchun maslahat berganda ham ishlatiladi: You need to rest more. — “Ko‘proq dam olishingiz kerak.”

• I must stop eating so much chocolate.Bunchalik ko‘p shokolad yeyishni to‘xtatishim kerak. (o‘zim qaror qildim)
• All visitors have to sign in at reception.Barcha tashrif buyuruvchilar qabulxonada ro‘yxatdan o‘tishi kerak. (qoida)
• The printer needs new ink.Printerga yangi siyoh kerak. (ehtiyoj)

need + -ing — majhul ma’no

Narsa haqida “...ish kerak” deganda, inglizchada need + -ing yoki need to be + V3 ishlatiladi. Bu gapda ishni kim qilishi muhim emas.

• My car needs washing.Mashinamni yuvish kerak.
• Your hair needs cutting.Sochingizni oldirish kerak.
• The walls need painting.Devorlarni bo‘yash kerak.
• This shirt needs to be ironed.Bu ko‘ylakni dazmollash kerak.
• The windows need cleaning — I can’t see anything!Derazalarni artish kerak — hech narsa ko‘rinmayapti!

Diqqat: The car needs to wash — xato, chunki mashina o‘zi yuvmaydi. The car needs washing yoki needs to be washed.

O‘tmishda: didn’t need to va needn’t have done

O‘tmishda “shart emas edi” degan ikki shakl bor va ularning farqi nozik:

• I didn’t need to cook because we went to a restaurant.Ovqat qilishim shart emas edi, chunki restoranga bordik. (qilmadim)
• I needn’t have cooked so much food. Nobody was hungry.Shuncha ko‘p ovqat qilmasam ham bo‘lardi. Hech kim och emas edi. (qilgandim)
• We didn’t need to take a taxi — the hotel was close.Taksiga o‘tirishimiz shart emas edi — mehmonxona yaqin edi.
• You needn’t have bought flowers, but they’re lovely!Gul olmasangiz ham bo‘lardi, lekin ular juda chiroyli!

O‘tgan zamondagi oddiy ehtiyoj: needed — I needed a break. — “Menga tanaffus kerak edi.”

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. Narsa kerakmi? → need + ot.
2. Ish qilish kerakmi? → need to + fe’l.
3. Shart emasmi? → don’t need to yoki needn’t.
4. Narsa ustida ish qilish kerakmi? (bo‘yash, yuvish) → need + -ing.
5. O‘tmishda keraksiz ish qilinganmi? → needn’t have + V3.

Misol: “Unga yangi telefon kerak.”

1. Narsa kerak → need + ot.
2. Ega — u (he/she) → needs.

Misol: “Gilamni tozalash kerak.”

1. Kim tozalashi muhim emas → need + -ing.

Misol: “Shuncha ko‘p non olmasam ham bo‘lardi.” (olganman)

1. Ish qilingan, lekin keraksiz → needn’t have + V3.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: need + ot / need to + fe’l; shart emas — don’t need to yoki needn’t; narsa haqida — needs cleaning.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Safarga tayyorgarlik

• — Do we need to take warm clothes?— Issiq kiyim olishimiz kerakmi?
• — Yes, it’s cold in the mountains at night. And you need a good pair of boots.— Ha, tog‘da kechasi sovuq bo‘ladi. Yana yaxshi botinka kerak.
• — Do I need a visa?— Menga viza kerakmi?
• — No, you don’t need one for Kyrgyzstan.— Yo‘q, Qirg‘izistonga viza kerak emas.
• — Great. So I needn’t go to the embassy.— Zo‘r. Demak, elchixonaga borishim shart emas.

Uyda ta’mirlash

• — This kitchen needs painting.— Bu oshxonani bo‘yash kerak.
• — And the tap needs fixing too. It’s dripping.— Jo‘mrakni ham tuzatish kerak. Tomchilayapti.
• — We need to call a plumber.— Santexnik chaqirishimiz kerak.
• — You don’t need to call anyone. I can do it myself!— Hech kimni chaqirishing shart emas. O‘zim qila olaman!

Kichik matn: “Imtihon kuni”

On the day of my English exam I woke up at five because I was nervous. I needn’t have got up so early — the exam started at ten! I checked my bag again: I needed my passport, two pens and a bottle of water. My teacher had said, “You don’t need to bring a dictionary — it isn’t allowed.” At the centre, a woman told us, “You needn’t worry. Just read the questions carefully.” I didn’t need to ask for extra time, and I finished early. Now I just need to wait for the results.

Matndan needn’t have got va didn’t need to ni toping. Ularning qaysi biri qilingan ishni, qaysi biri qilinmagan ishni bildiradi?

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. Menga biroz pul kerak. → I need some money.
2. U (o‘g‘il) dam olishi kerak. → He needs to rest.
3. Kelishingiz shart emas. → You don’t need to come. / You needn’t come.
4. Derazalarni artish kerak. → The windows need cleaning.
5. Bizga chipta kerakmi? → Do we need tickets?
6. Taksi chaqirmasam ham bo‘lardi (chaqirgandim). → I needn’t have called a taxi.
7. Unga sendan yordam kerak. → She needs you to help her.

Hammasi to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, mavzu bo‘yicha testni topshiring.

Qisqa xulosa

• need + ot: I need a pen. — ega kishi bo‘ladi, “menga” emas.
• need to + fe’l: I need to go. he / she bilan needs.
• Shart emas: don’t need to + fe’l yoki needn’t + fe’l (to siz, -s siz).
• needn’t — shart emas, mustn’t — mumkin emas.
• Narsa haqida: need + -ing = need to be + V3: The car needs washing.
• O‘tmish: didn’t need to (qilinmagan), needn’t have + V3 (qilingan, lekin behuda).
• need davomli zamonda ishlatilmaydi.