Ever and Never

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Hayotiy tajriba haqida gapirganda — “Samarqandda bo‘lganmisiz?”, “Men hech qachon sushi yemaganman” — Present Perfect ishlatiladi. Qachon bo‘lgani muhim emas, bo‘lgan yoki bo‘lmagani muhim.

Bu gaplarda ikki so‘z juda ko‘p uchraydi:

• ever — “biror marta, umuman” (savolda): Have you ever been to Samarkand?
• never — “hech qachon” (bo‘lishli fe’l bilan inkor): I’ve never eaten sushi.

• Have you ever been to Khiva?Xivada hech bo‘lganmisiz?
• I’ve never flown in a plane.Men hech qachon samolyotda uchmaganman.
• She’s visited many countries.U ko‘p davlatlarda bo‘lgan.
• Has he ever won a prize?U biror marta mukofot yutganmi?

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. Present Perfect — hayotiy tajriba.
2. Have you ever...? savoli.
3. never — bo‘lishli fe’l bilan.
4. Batafsil ma’lumot — Past Simple bilan.
5. been va gone (qisqacha).
6. the first time, once, twice, many times.

Tuzilishi eslatma

ever — savolda

ever — have bilan V3 orasida:

• Have you ever tried horse riding?Hech ot minib ko‘rganmisiz?
• Has your father ever been to Moscow?Otangiz Moskvada bo‘lganmi?
• Have they ever met a famous person?Ular biror mashhur odamni uchratganmi?

never — inkor

never o‘zi inkor, shuning uchun have/has bo‘lishli:

never = not ever: I haven’t ever seen snow. — ham to‘g‘ri, lekin kamroq ishlatiladi.

Batafsil — Past Simple

Avval tajribani Present Perfect bilan aytamiz. Qachon, qayerda, qanday degan batafsil ma’lumot — Past Simple bilan:

• — Have you ever been to Turkey?— Turkiyada bo‘lganmisiz?
• — Yes, I have. I went there last summer.— Ha. O‘tgan yozda borganman.
• — Did you like it?— Yoqdimi?
• — Yes, I loved it!— Ha, juda yoqdi!

Qoida: aniq vaqt (yesterday, last year, in 2020) aytilsa — Present Perfect ishlatilmaydi: I’ve been there last year — xato.

been yoki gone?

Tajriba haqida go fe’li been shaklida keladi:

Necha marta?

• It’s the first time I’ve eaten this.Buni birinchi marta yeyishim.
• I’ve been there once.U yerda bir marta bo‘lganman.
• She’s seen that film twice.U bu filmni ikki marta ko‘rgan.
• We’ve visited Bukhara many times.Buxoroga ko‘p marta borganmiz.

The first time — birinchi marta

It’s the first / second time + Present Perfect — “birinchi / ikkinchi marta ...yapman”. Bu tuzilmada Present Perfect majburiy:

• This is the first time I’ve eaten sushi.Sushini birinchi marta yeyishim.
• It’s the second time she’s visited Paris.U Parijga ikkinchi marta kelyapti.
• Is this the first time you’ve flown?Siz birinchi marta uchyapsizmi?

It’s the first time I eat sushi — xato. I’ve eaten — to‘g‘ri.

Orttirma daraja + ever

ever ko‘pincha orttirma daraja bilan keladi — “hayotimda eng ...”:

• This is the best film I’ve ever seen.Bu men ko‘rgan eng yaxshi film.
• She’s the kindest person I’ve ever met.U men uchratgan eng mehribon odam.
• It was the worst meal I’ve ever had.Bu men yegan eng yomon ovqat edi.
• What’s the most beautiful place you’ve ever visited?Siz borgan eng go‘zal joy qaysi?

ever bilan boshqa so‘zlar

ever faqat savolda emas, ba’zi boshqa tuzilmalarda ham ishlatiladi:

Diqqat: I haven’t never — xato (ikki inkor). Yoki I’ve never, yoki I haven’t ever.

Javob berishning tabiiy usuli

Have you ever...? ga javobda ko‘pincha qo‘shimcha ma’lumot beriladi — bunda Past Simple ishlatiladi:

• — Have you ever been to Turkey? — Yes, I have. I went there last summer.— Hech Turkiyada bo‘lganmisiz? — Ha. O‘tgan yozda borgandim.
• — Have you ever met a famous person? — No, never. / No, I haven’t.— Hech mashhur odam bilan uchrashganmisiz? — Yo‘q, hech qachon.
• — Have you ever tried horse riding? — Once, when I was ten.— Hech ot minganmisiz? — Bir marta, o‘n yoshimda.

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. Hayotiy tajribami, vaqti noaniqmi? → Present Perfect.
2. Savol → Have/Has + ega + ever + V3?
3. Inkor → ’ve/’s never + V3 (haven’t qo‘shmang).
4. Aniq vaqt qo‘shilsa → Past Simple.

Misol: “Siz hech qachon ilon ko‘rganmisiz?”

Misol: “Men hech qachon Yaponiyada bo‘lmaganman.”

1. never + bo‘lishli. go → been.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: Have you ever + V3? — tajriba savoli. I’ve never + V3 — bitta inkor. Aniq vaqt bo‘lsa — Past Simple.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Do‘stlar o‘rtasida o‘yin: “Have you ever...?”

• — Have you ever climbed a mountain?— Hech tog‘ga chiqqanmisan?
• — Yes, I have. I climbed Chimgan last spring.— Ha. O‘tgan bahorda Chimyonga chiqqanman.
• — Cool! I’ve never done that. Have you ever eaten horse meat?— Zo‘r! Men hech chiqmaganman. Ot go‘shti yeganmisan?
• — Of course! I’ve eaten it many times.— Albatta! Ko‘p marta yeganman.
• — Has your sister ever lived abroad?— Opang hech chet elda yashaganmi?
• — Yes, she lived in Seoul for two years.— Ha, Seulda ikki yil yashagan.

Restoranda

• — Have you ever tried Korean food?— Hech koreys taomini tatib ko‘rganmisan?
• — No, never. This is the first time I’ve been to a Korean restaurant.— Yo‘q, hech qachon. Koreys restoraniga birinchi marta kelishim.
• — You’ll love it! Have you ever eaten kimchi?— Senga yoqadi! Hech kimchi yeganmisan?
• — What’s that?— U nima?
• — Spicy cabbage. It’s the best thing I’ve ever eaten!— Achchiq karam. Men yegan eng zo‘r narsa!
• — OK, I’ll try it.— Xo‘p, tatib ko‘raman.

Kichik matn: “Sayohat tajribam”

I love travelling. I’ve been to twelve countries, but I’ve never been to America. The most beautiful place I’ve ever seen is Lake Issyk-Kul in Kyrgyzstan — I went there in 2022. Have you ever swum in a mountain lake? The water is very cold! Last month I visited Japan. It was the first time I’d been to Asia outside Central Asia. I’ve also tried skydiving once — it was the scariest thing I’ve ever done!

Matnda ever va never ni toping. Qaysi gaplar Present Perfect’da, qaysilari Past Simple’da va nima uchun?

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. ___ you ever ___ (eat) Indian food? → Have / eaten
2. I’ve ___ seen a whale. (hech qachon) → never
3. She ___ (be) to Dubai twice. → ’s been
4. — Have you ever been to Nukus? — Yes, I ___. I ___ (go) there in 2022. → have / went
5. Tuzating: I haven’t never tried it. → I’ve never tried it.
6. Bu mening birinchi marta sushi yeyishim. → It’s the first time I’ve eaten sushi.
7. Bu men ko‘rgan eng yaxshi film. → It’s the best film I’ve ever seen.
8. Men u yerda hech bo‘lmaganman. (ever bilan) → I haven’t ever been there.
9. Men deyarli hech qachon qahva ichmayman. → I hardly ever drink coffee.

Qisqa xulosa

• Hayotiy tajriba (vaqti noaniq) — Present Perfect.
• Savol: Have / Has + ega + ever + V3?
• Inkor: ’ve / ’s never + V3 (never bilan haven’t yo‘q).
• Batafsil, aniq vaqt — Past Simple: I went there last year.
• been — borib qaytgan; gone — ketgan, hali qaytmagan.
• once, twice, many times, the first time.