Prepositions of Movement

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Joy predloglari (in, on, under) narsa qayerda turganini bildiradi. Harakat predloglari esa narsa yoki odam qayerga, qaysi yo‘nalishda harakatlanayotganini ko‘rsatadi: into (ichiga), out of (ichidan tashqariga), across (ko‘ndalangiga), through (orqali)...

• She walked into the room.U xonaga kirdi.
• He ran out of the house.U uydan yugurib chiqdi.
• Go across the road.Yo‘lni kesib o‘ting.
• We walked along the river.Biz daryo bo‘ylab yurdik.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. to, into, out of, from.
2. up, down, over, under.
3. across, along, through, around.
4. past, towards, onto, off.
5. Yo‘l ko‘rsatish iboralari.
6. in va into farqi.

to, from, into, out of

in yoki into?

Og‘zaki nutqda put, throw kabi fe’llar bilan in ham ishlatiladi: Put it in the bag.

up, down, over, under

• We walked up the hill.Tepalikka chiqdik.
• The ball rolled down the stairs.To‘p zinapoyadan pastga dumaladi.
• The plane flew over the mountains.Samolyot tog‘lar ustidan uchdi.
• The boat went under the bridge.Qayiq ko‘prik ostidan o‘tdi.
• The horse jumped over the fence.Ot to‘siqdan sakrab o‘tdi.

across, along, through, around

across yoki through? Tekis yuza (yo‘l, daryo, maydon) — across. Ichida bo‘lish (o‘rmon, tunnel, olomon) — through.

past, towards

• Walk past the bank and turn left.Bank yonidan o‘tib, chapga buriling.
• He came towards me.U menga qarab keldi.

Yo‘l ko‘rsatish

• Go along this street.Shu ko‘cha bo‘ylab boring.
• Go past the mosque.Masjid yonidan o‘ting.
• Go across the square.Maydonni kesib o‘ting.
• Go through the park.Bog‘ orqali o‘ting.
• Go up the stairs to the second floor.Zinadan ikkinchi qavatga chiqing.

Fe’l + harakat predlogi

Harakat predloglari ko‘pincha harakat fe’llari bilan birga keladi va yangi ma’no beradi:

• The children ran out of the classroom.Bolalar sinfdan yugurib chiqishdi.
• A bird flew into the room.Xonaga qush uchib kirdi.
• We walked along the river for an hour.Bir soat daryo bo‘ylab yurdik.
• Be careful not to fall off the ladder!Narvondan yiqilib tushmaslikka ehtiyot bo‘l!

on va onto, off

on / onto — ustiga; off — ustidan (tushmoq):

• The cat jumped onto the table.Mushuk stol ustiga sakrab chiqdi. (harakat)
• The cat is on the table.Mushuk stol ustida. (joy)
• Take your shoes off!Poyabzalingni yech!
• He fell off his horse.U otidan yiqilib tushdi.
• Get off the bus at the next stop.Keyingi bekatda avtobusdan tushing.

Vaqt va harakat birga

Harakat predloglari vaqt bilan ham birga keladi:

• We drove from Tashkent to Samarkand in four hours.Toshkentdan Samarqandgacha to‘rt soatda yetib bordik.
• I walked through the park at sunset.Quyosh botayotganda parkdan o‘tdim.
• She swam across the lake in ten minutes.U ko‘lni o‘n daqiqada suzib o‘tdi.

Mavhum ma’nolar

Ba’zi harakat predloglari mavhum ma’noda ham ishlatiladi:

• Prices went up again.Narxlar yana oshdi.
• I’m going through a difficult time.Men qiyin davrni boshdan kechiryapman.
• She’s over the moon!U juda baxtli! (idioma)
• Let’s go over the plan once more.Rejani yana bir bor ko‘rib chiqaylik.

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. Harakat bormi? Ha → harakat predlogi (into, across...). Yo‘q → joy predlogi (in, on...).
2. Yo‘nalishni aniqlang: ichkariga? ustidan? bo‘ylab? ichidan o‘tib?
3. Mos predlogni tanlang.

Misol: “U suvga sakradi.”

1. Harakat, ichiga → into.

Misol: “Biz o‘rmon orqali yurdik.”

1. O‘rmon — hajm, ichidan o‘tdik → through.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: into / out of — ichiga / tashqariga. across — kesib (tekislik). through — ichidan o‘tib. along — bo‘ylab.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Yo‘l so‘rash

• — Excuse me, how do I get to the museum?— Kechirasiz, muzeyga qanday borsam bo‘ladi?
• — Go along this street and walk past the bank.— Shu ko‘cha bo‘ylab boring va bank yonidan o‘ting.
• — OK.— Xo‘p.
• — Then go across the road and through the park.— Keyin yo‘lni kesib o‘ting va bog‘ orqali o‘ting.
• — And then?— Keyin-chi?
• — Walk up the hill. The museum is at the top.— Tepalikka chiqing. Muzey tepada.

Parkda yo‘l ko‘rsatish

• — Excuse me, how do I get to the museum?— Kechirasiz, muzeyga qanday boraman?
• — Walk through the park and across the bridge.— Parkdan o‘tib, ko‘prikni kesib o‘ting.
• — Then?— Keyin-chi?
• — Go along the river past the café.— Kafe yonidan o‘tib, daryo bo‘ylab yuring.
• — Is it far?— Uzoqmi?
• — No. Then go up the steps, and the museum is in front of you.— Yo‘q. Keyin zinadan chiqing, muzey ro‘parangizda bo‘ladi.

Kichik matn: “Itim qochib ketdi”

Last Sunday my dog ran away. I opened the door, and he ran out of the house into the street. He ran across the road, past the shop and through the park. I ran after him. He jumped over a fence and into the river! He swam across it and climbed out on the other side. I had to walk along the river to the bridge, then go over it. Finally, I found him sitting under a tree, very happy and very wet!

Matndagi barcha harakat predloglarini toping va itning yo‘lini rasm qilib chizing.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. The children ran ___ the classroom. (ichkariga) → into
2. Take the cake ___ ___ the oven. → out of
3. We drove ___ a long tunnel. → through
4. Be careful when you go ___ the road. → across
5. The cat jumped ___ the wall. (ustidan) → over
6. They walked ___ the beach at sunset. (bo‘ylab) → along
7. Mushuk stol ustiga sakrab chiqdi. → The cat jumped onto the table.
8. U velosipeddan yiqilib tushdi. → He fell off his bike.
9. Mashinadan chiq! → Get out of the car!
10. Biz daryo bo‘ylab yurdik. → We walked along the river.

Qisqa xulosa

• to / from — ...ga / ...dan.
• into / out of — ichiga / ichidan; onto / off — ustiga / ustidan.
• up / down — tepaga / pastga; over / under — ustidan / ostidan.
• across — kesib (tekislik); through — ichidan o‘tib (hajm).
• along — bo‘ylab; around — atrofida; past — yonidan; towards — ...ga qarab.
• in — joy; into — harakat.