It is or There is?

Oddiy qilib aytganda

There is va It is ko‘pincha adashtiriladi, chunki ikkalasi ham gap boshida turadi. Lekin vazifalari boshqa:

• There is — yangi narsani tanishtiradi: “...bor”.
• It is — allaqachon ma’lum narsani tasvirlaydi: “u ...”.

Odatda ular ketma-ket keladi: avval There is bilan tanishtiramiz, keyin It is bilan tasvirlaymiz.

• There’s a park near my house. It’s big.Uyim yonida bog‘ bor. U katta.
• There are two shops here. They’re small.Bu yerda ikkita do‘kon bor. Ular kichik.
• There’s a letter for you. It’s from Ali.Sizga xat bor. U Alidan.
• — What’s that? — It’s a museum.— U nima? — Bu muzey.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. There is — borlik, It is — tasvir.
2. Ketma-ketlik: There is... It is...
3. Ko‘plikda: There are... They are...
4. Savollarda farq: Is there...? / Is it...?
5. Ob-havo va vaqtda faqat it.

Asosiy farq

O‘zbekchaga tarjima qilib tekshiring: “bor” desangiz — there is. “u — ...” desangiz — it is.

• There’s a problem.Muammo bor.
• It’s a big problem.Bu katta muammo.
• There’s a man at the door.Eshikda bir kishi bor.
• It’s my uncle.Bu — amakim.

Ko‘plik

• There are many restaurants in Tashkent. They’re not expensive.Toshkentda restoranlar ko‘p. Ular qimmat emas.
• There are new students in our class. They’re from Korea.Sinfimizda yangi o‘quvchilar bor. Ular Koreyadan.

Savollar

• Is there a pharmacy near here?Yaqinda dorixona bormi?
• Is it open now?U hozir ochiqmi?
• Is there any milk?Sut bormi?
• Is it fresh?U yangimi?

Faqat it

Ob-havo, vaqt, sana, masofa haqida faqat it ishlatiladi:

• It’s hot today.Bugun issiq. (There is hot — xato)
• It’s 5 o’clock.Soat besh.
• It’s Monday.Bugun dushanba.
• It’s far from here.Bu yerdan uzoq.

Lekin ob-havo ot bilan aytilsa — there is ham mumkin:

• There’s a lot of snow today.Bugun qor ko‘p.
• There’s a strong wind.Kuchli shamol bor.

O‘tgan zamonda: It was / There was

Xuddi shu farq o‘tgan zamonda ham saqlanadi:

• There was a concert in the park yesterday. It was amazing.Kecha parkda konsert bo‘ldi. U ajoyib edi.
• There were lots of people at the wedding.To‘yda ko‘p odam bor edi.
• It was very hot last summer.O‘tgan yozda juda issiq edi.
• Was there a problem? — No, there wasn’t.Muammo bo‘ldimi? — Yo‘q.

Kelasi zamonda: There will be / It will be

• There will be a meeting tomorrow. It will be short.Ertaga yig‘ilish bo‘ladi. U qisqa bo‘ladi.
• There’s going to be a storm tonight.Bugun kechasi bo‘ron bo‘ladi.
• It will be sunny at the weekend.Dam olish kunlari quyoshli bo‘ladi.

Diqqat: There will have a party — xato. To‘g‘risi: There will be a party. (have emas, be).

Uzun gapda ikkalasi birga

Ko‘pincha there narsani tanishtiradi, keyin it / they uni tasvirlaydi:

• There’s a museum in the old town. It’s free on Sundays.Eski shaharda muzey bor. Yakshanba kunlari u bepul.
• There are two parks near my house. They’re very big.Uyim yaqinida ikkita park bor. Ular juda katta.
• There was a strange noise. It came from the kitchen.G‘alati ovoz eshitildi. U oshxonadan keldi.

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. “Bor” ma’nosi bormi? → There is / There are.
2. Narsa allaqachon aytilganmi va uni tasvirlayapsizmi? → It is / They are.
3. Ob-havo, vaqt, masofa? → It is.

Misol: “Bu yerda bank bor. U yangi.”

1. “Bank bor” → There’s a bank here.
2. “U yangi” — bankni tasvirlaymiz → It’s new.

Misol: “Bugun sovuq.”

1. Ob-havo → It.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: There is — nima bor. It is — u qanday. Ob-havo va vaqt — doim it.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Yangi kvartira haqida

I have a new flat. There are three rooms. They’re quite big. There’s a balcony too – it’s my favourite place! There isn’t a lift in the building, and it’s on the fifth floor, so it’s a bit difficult. But there’s a beautiful park next to the building. It’s very green and quiet.

Sayohat haqida

• — How was your trip to Khiva?— Xivaga sayohating qanday o‘tdi?
• — Wonderful! There are so many old buildings, and they’re all beautiful.— Ajoyib! U yerda juda ko‘p qadimiy binolar bor, hammasi chiroyli.
• — Was it hot?— Issiq edimi?
• — Yes, it was 40 degrees! But there was a nice breeze in the evening.— Ha, 40 daraja edi! Lekin kechqurun yoqimli shabada bor edi.
• — Is there a good hotel?— Yaxshi mehmonxona bormi?
• — Yes. There’s one inside the old city walls. It’s not expensive.— Ha. Eski shahar devorlari ichida bittasi bor. Qimmat emas.

Kichik matn: “Mening qishlog‘im”

I come from a small village near Namangan. There isn’t a big shop, but there’s a small market. It’s open every morning. There are lots of fruit trees in our garden — they’re apricot and cherry trees. In summer it’s very hot, and in winter it sometimes snows. When I was a child, there was an old cinema in the village. It was my favourite place. Now there’s a new school there, and it has a big library.

Matnda there va it ni toping. Qaysi gap narsani tanishtiradi, qaysi gap uni tasvirlaydi?

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. ___ a supermarket near here. ___ open 24 hours. → There’s / It’s
2. ___ windy today. → It’s
3. ___ any students in the room? → Are there
4. ___ two cats in the garden. ___ white. → There are / They’re
5. Tuzating: There is hot in summer. → It is hot in summer.
6. Kecha ziyofat bo‘ldi. U zo‘r edi. → There was a party yesterday. It was great.
7. Ertaga yig‘ilish bo‘ladi. → There will be a meeting tomorrow.
8. O‘tgan qish juda sovuq edi. → It was very cold last winter.
9. Bu yerda ikkita kafe bor. Ular arzon. → There are two cafés here. They’re cheap.

Qisqa xulosa

• There is / are — biror narsaning borligi, yangi ma’lumot.
• It is / They are — ma’lum narsani tasvirlash.
• Odatiy tartib: There’s a... → It’s...
• Savol: Is there...? (bormi?) / Is it...? (qandaymi?)
• Ob-havo, vaqt, sana, masofa — faqat it.