Be used to / Get used to

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Uchta tuzilma juda o‘xshaydi, lekin ma’nosi butunlay boshqa:

• used to + fe’l — o‘tmishdagi odat (endi yo‘q): I used to live in Tashkent. (Toshkentda yashar edim.)
• be used to + -ing / ot — ko‘nikkan bo‘lish, odatiy hol: I’m used to living alone. (Yolg‘iz yashashga ko‘nikkanman.)
• get used to + -ing / ot — ko‘nikib borish, jarayon: I’m getting used to living alone. (Yolg‘iz yashashga ko‘nikyapman.)

• I’m used to getting up early.Erta turishga ko‘nikkanman.
• She isn’t used to the noise.U shovqinga ko‘nikmagan.
• It took me a year to get used to London.Londonga ko‘nikishim uchun bir yil kerak bo‘ldi.
• Don’t worry, you’ll get used to it.Xavotir olma, ko‘nikib ketasan.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. be used to — ko‘nikkan holat.
2. get used to — ko‘nikish jarayoni.
3. Nega to dan keyin -ing keladi.
4. Turli zamonlarda: was used to, have got used to.
5. used to + fe’l bilan farqi.
6. Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar.

be used to

be used to — biror narsa siz uchun odatiy, normal, endi qiyin emas:

• I’m used to spicy food.Achchiq ovqatga ko‘nikkanman.
• We’re used to working at night.Kechasi ishlashga ko‘nikkanmiz.
• He wasn’t used to driving on the left.U chap tomonda haydashga ko‘nikmagan edi.
• Are you used to the weather here?Bu yerning ob-haviga ko‘nikdingizmi?

get used to

get used to — o‘zgarish: avval qiyin edi, asta-sekin osonlashyapti:

• I’m getting used to my new job.Yangi ishimga ko‘nikyapman.
• It’s hard to get used to a new language.Yangi tilga ko‘nikish qiyin.
• She got used to the city quickly.U shaharga tez ko‘nikdi.
• I’ve finally got used to wearing glasses.Nihoyat ko‘zoynak taqishga ko‘nikdim.

Nega -ing?

Bu tuzilmalarda to — predlog (infinitiv belgisi emas). Predlogdan keyin esa ot yoki -ing keladi:

Tekshirish: to dan keyin ot qo‘yib ko‘ring — I’m used to the noise. Ot qo‘yish mumkin bo‘lsa, fe’l -ing bo‘ladi.

Zamonlar

be va get zamonga qarab o‘zgaradi:

Uchta tuzilmani solishtiring

be used to + ot

be used to dan keyin faqat -ing emas, ot yoki olmosh ham kelishi mumkin:

• I’m used to the cold weather now.Endi sovuq ob-havoga ko‘nikdim.
• She isn’t used to spicy food.U achchiq ovqatga o‘rganmagan.
• We’re used to the noise.Biz shovqinga ko‘nikkanmiz.
• You’ll get used to it!Ko‘nikib qolasan!
• He got used to his new boss quickly.U yangi boshlig‘iga tezda ko‘nikdi.

You’ll get used to it — juda keng tarqalgan dalda iborasi: “Ko‘nikib qolasan, xavotir olma.”

Savol va inkor

• Are you used to driving on the left?Chap tomondan haydashga o‘rganganmisiz?
• I can’t get used to the time difference.Vaqt farqiga ko‘nika olmayapman.
• It took me a long time to get used to the cold.Sovuqqa ko‘nikishim uchun ko‘p vaqt ketdi.

It took me ... to get used to — “...ga ko‘nikishimga ... vaqt ketdi” — juda foydali ibora.

Uchta tuzilma — so‘zlashuvda farqlash

Talaffuzda used to (/juːstə/) uchala tuzilmada bir xil eshitiladi, shuning uchun grammatik belgilarga qarang:

Asosiy savol: oldida be / get bormi? Bor bo‘lsa — keyin -ing. Yo‘q bo‘lsa — oddiy fe’l.

Kelajak va boshqa zamonlar

• You will get used to your new school.Yangi maktabingga ko‘nikib qolasan.
• I have never got used to waking up early.Men hech qachon erta turishga ko‘nikmaganman.
• She was used to working long hours.U uzoq soatlar ishlashga ko‘nikkan edi.

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. O‘tmish odatimi (endi yo‘q)? → used to + fe’l.
2. Hozir odatiy, ko‘nikkanmi? → be used to + -ing / ot.
3. Ko‘nikish jarayonimi? → get used to + -ing / ot.

Misol: “Men sovuqqa ko‘nikmaganman.”

1. Ko‘nikkan holat (inkor) → be not used to + ot.

Misol: “Erta turishga ko‘nikib ketasiz.”

1. Jarayon, kelajak → will get used to + -ing.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: used to + fe’l — o‘tmish. be / get used to + -ing — ko‘nikkan / ko‘nikyapman. to dan keyin -ing!

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Chet elda o‘qish

• — How’s life in Korea?— Koreyada hayot qanday?
• — Good! But I’m still getting used to the food.— Yaxshi! Lekin hali ham ovqatga ko‘nikyapman.
• — Is it spicy?— Achchiqmi?
• — Very! I’m used to Uzbek food, not kimchi!— Juda! Men o‘zbek taomlariga o‘rganganman, kimchiga emas!
• — And the language?— Til-chi?
• — Hard, but I’ve got used to speaking Korean every day. I used to be shy, but not now!— Qiyin, lekin har kuni koreyscha gapirishga ko‘nikdim. Avval tortinchoq edim, endi emas!

Chet elda yangi ish

• — How’s life in London?— Londonda hayot qalay?
• — Good, but I’m still getting used to the weather. It rains every day!— Yaxshi, lekin hali ham ob-havoga ko‘nikyapman. Har kuni yomg‘ir yog‘adi!
• — And the food?— Ovqat-chi?
• — I’m not used to eating so much bread. I miss plov!— Shuncha non yeyishga o‘rganmaganman. Oshni sog‘indim!
• — Are you used to the underground now?— Endi metroga ko‘nikdingmi?
• — Yes, it took me a month to get used to it.— Ha, ko‘nikishimga bir oy ketdi.
• — Don’t worry, you’ll get used to everything soon.— Xavotir olma, tez orada hammasiga ko‘nikib qolasan.

Kichik matn: “Tungi smena”

Last year I started working night shifts at a hospital. At first, it was very hard. I wasn’t used to sleeping during the day, and I felt tired all the time. My body couldn’t get used to the new routine. But slowly I got used to it. Now I’m used to going to work at 10 p.m. and sleeping until 2 p.m. My family is also used to my strange hours. I used to think night work was impossible, but now I quite enjoy it.

Matnda used to, be used to va get used to ni toping. Ular qanday farq qiladi?

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. I’m used to ___ (work) late. → working
2. She’s getting used ___ her new school. → to
3. He ___ used to the hot weather yet. (inkor, hozir) → isn’t
4. I ___ ___ play tennis, but now I don’t. → used to
5. Tuzating: I’m used to wake up at 6. → I’m used to waking up at 6.
6. Tuzating: You’ll soon get use to it. → You’ll soon get used to it.
7. Endi sovuqqa ko‘nikdim. → I’m used to the cold now.
8. Ko‘nikib qolasan! → You’ll get used to it!
9. Ko‘nikishimga bir oy ketdi. → It took me a month to get used to it.
10. Ilgari men chekardim. → I used to smoke.

Qisqa xulosa

• used to + fe’l — o‘tmishdagi odat: I used to smoke.
• be used to + -ing / ot — ko‘nikkan, odatiy: I’m used to the noise.
• get used to + -ing / ot — ko‘nikish jarayoni: I’m getting used to it.
• to — predlog, shuning uchun -ing: used to getting up.
• be / get zamonga qarab o‘zgaradi: was used to, got used to, will get used to.