So do I / Neither do I

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Kimdir biror narsa desa va siz “Men ham!” demoqchi bo‘lsangiz, inglizchada ikki usul bor:

• Oddiy: Me too. / Me neither.
• To‘liqroq: So do I. / Neither do I.

Ikkinchi usulda yordamchi fe’l gapga moslashadi: I’m tired. — So am I. / I can swim. — So can I. / I like tea. — So do I.

• — I’m hungry. — So am I.— Qornim och. — Meniki ham.
• — I can’t swim. — Neither can I.— Suza olmayman. — Men ham.
• — I went to Bukhara last year. — So did I!— O‘tgan yili Buxoroga bordim. — Men ham!
• — I don’t like coffee. — Neither does my wife.— Qahvani yoqtirmayman. — Xotinim ham.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. So + yordamchi fe’l + ega — bo‘lishli rozilik.
2. Neither + yordamchi fe’l + ega — inkor rozilik.
3. Yordamchi fe’lni tanlash: am, do, did, can, have.
4. Teskari tartib: So do I (So I do emas).
5. Rozi bo‘lmaslik: I do / I don’t.
6. Me too / Me neither bilan taqqoslash.

Yordamchi fe’lni tanlash

Gapdagi yordamchi fe’l takrorlanadi. Yordamchi fe’l bo‘lmasa — do / does / did:

Inkor gaplarga

Nor — neither ning sinonimi: Nor do I. Neither dan keyin yordamchi fe’l bo‘lishli (neither don’t — xato).

Teskari tartib

So va Neither dan keyin yordamchi fe’l egadan oldin keladi:

(So I do — boshqa ma’no: “Ha, rostdan ham qilaman”.)

Ega har qanday bo‘lishi mumkin:

• — Ali loves football. — So does his brother.— Ali futbolni yaxshi ko‘radi. — Akasi ham.
• — We didn’t understand. — Neither did they.— Biz tushunmadik. — Ular ham.

Rozi bo‘lmaslik

Agar sizda teskari bo‘lsa — ega + yordamchi fe’l (oddiy tartib):

• — I like spicy food. — I don’t.— Achchiq ovqatni yoqtiraman. — Men yoqtirmayman.
• — I can’t dance. — I can!— Raqsga tusha olmayman. — Men tusha olaman!
• — I’m not tired. — I am.— Charchamadim. — Men charchadim.
• — I didn’t like the film. — Oh, I did!— Film yoqmadi. — Menga yoqdi!

Me too / Me neither bilan

Ega I bo‘lmasa — faqat So/Neither ishlaydi: So does my sister.

Turli zamonlarda

So / Neither bilan javobda yordamchi fe’l gapdagi zamonga moslashadi:

• — I’ve never been to London. — Neither have I.— Men hech qachon Londonda bo‘lmaganman. — Men ham.
• — I’ll call you later. — So will I.— Keyinroq senga qo‘ng‘iroq qilaman. — Men ham.
• — We were at the concert. — So were we!— Biz konsertda edik. — Biz ham!

Nor — Neither ning sinonimi

Nor — Neither bilan bir xil ma’no, biroz rasmiyroq:

• — I don’t like coffee. — Nor do I.— Men qahvani yoqtirmayman. — Men ham.
• — She can’t come. — Nor can her husband.— U kela olmaydi. — Eri ham.

Boshqa odamlar haqida

So / Neither faqat I bilan emas — har qanday ega bilan ishlaydi:

• My brother is a doctor, and so is my sister.Akam shifokor, opam ham.
• Aziz doesn’t eat meat, and neither does his wife.Aziz go‘sht yemaydi, xotini ham.
• I love this city, and so do my parents.Men bu shaharni yaxshi ko‘raman, ota-onam ham.
• Tom can’t drive, and neither can I.Tom mashina hayday olmaydi, men ham.

too va either bilan solishtirish

Xuddi shu ma’noni too / either bilan ham aytish mumkin — faqat tartib boshqa:

• — I’m hungry. — So am I. = I am too.— Qornim ochdi. — Meniki ham.
• — I don’t understand. — Neither do I. = I don’t either.— Tushunmayapman. — Men ham.

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. Gap bo‘lishlimi yoki inkormi? Bo‘lishli → So. Inkor → Neither.
2. Yordamchi fe’lni toping. Yo‘q bo‘lsa → do/does/did (zamonga qarab).
3. Tartib: So/Neither + yordamchi fe’l + ega.

Misol: “— I’ve finished. — Men ham.”

1. Bo‘lishli → So. Yordamchi fe’l: have.

Misol: “— She doesn’t eat meat. — Uning eri ham.”

1. Inkor → Neither. Present Simple, he → does.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: So / Neither + yordamchi fe’l + ega. Yordamchi fe’l gapdagidek: am, can, have, do, did.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Ikki talaba

• — I’m so nervous about the exam.— Imtihondan juda hayajondaman.
• — So am I! I didn’t sleep last night.— Men ham! Kecha uxlamadim.
• — Neither did I. I studied until 3.— Men ham. Soat uchgacha o‘qidim.
• — I can’t remember the irregular verbs.— Noto‘g‘ri fe’llarni eslay olmayapman.
• — Really? I can. I learned them all!— Rostdanmi? Men eslayman. Hammasini yodladim!
• — Lucky you! I want to go home after the exam.— Omadingni! Imtihondan keyin uyga ketmoqchiman.
• — So do I.— Men ham.

Yangi hamkasblar

• — I started working here last month.— Men bu yerda o‘tgan oy ishlay boshladim.
• — So did I! Which department?— Men ham! Qaysi bo‘limda?
• — Marketing. I’ve never worked in a big company before.— Marketingda. Ilgari hech qachon katta kompaniyada ishlamaganman.
• — Neither have I. It’s a bit scary.— Men ham. Biroz qo‘rqinchli.
• — I’m going to the canteen for lunch.— Tushlikka oshxonaga ketyapman.
• — So am I. Let’s go together!— Men ham. Birga boraylik!

Kichik matn: “Egizak opa-singil”

My cousins, Nigora and Dilnoza, are twins, and they are very similar. Nigora loves painting, and so does Dilnoza. Nigora can’t sing, and neither can her sister. Last year Nigora went to Paris, and so did Dilnoza — on the same trip! Nigora has never eaten sushi, and nor has Dilnoza. But there is one difference: Nigora is afraid of dogs, but Dilnoza isn’t — she has three!

Matndagi so, neither, nor bilan tuzilgan javoblarni toping. Har birida yordamchi fe’l qanday tanlangan?

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. — I’m hungry. — So ___ I. → am
2. — I don’t like rain. — Neither ___ I. → do
3. — I went to the party. — So ___ I. → did
4. — I can’t ski. — Neither ___ my brother. → can
5. — I’ve never been to London. — Neither ___ I. → have
6. Tuzating: — I like tea. — So I do. → So do I.
7. — Men Buxoroga bordim. — Men ham. → — So did I.
8. — Men hech qachon Londonda bo‘lmaganman. — Men ham. → — Neither have I.
9. Akam shifokor, opam ham. → My brother is a doctor, and so is my sister.
10. — Men qahvani yoqtirmayman. — Men ham. (nor) → — Nor do I.

Qisqa xulosa

• Bo‘lishli gapga rozilik: So + yordamchi fe’l + ega — So do I.
• Inkor gapga rozilik: Neither / Nor + yordamchi fe’l + ega — Neither do I.
• Yordamchi fe’l gapga moslashadi: am, is, can, have, will, do, does, did.
• Tartib teskari: So can I (So I can emas).
• neither dan keyin fe’l bo‘lishli.
• Rozi bo‘lmaslik: I do. / I don’t. / I can.