Also, Too, Either
“Ham” ma’nosidagi so‘zlar
Bu darsda
Oddiy qilib aytganda
O‘zbekchadagi “ham” so‘zi inglizchada bir nechta so‘z bilan beriladi. Tanlov ikki narsaga bog‘liq: gap bo‘lishli yoki inkor, va so‘z gapning qayerida turadi.
- I speak Russian too.Men ham ruscha gapiraman.
- She also plays the piano.U pianino ham chaladi.
- We’re going as well.Biz ham boryapmiz.
- He can’t swim either.U ham suza olmaydi.
Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:
- too va as well — gap oxirida.
- also — gap o‘rtasidagi o‘rni.
- either — inkor gaplarda.
- Me too va Me neither.
- “ham” ma’nosi gapdagi qaysi so‘zga tegishli.
too va as well
Ikkalasi ham bo‘lishli gapda, oxirida turadi. as well — biroz rasmiyroq, Britaniyada ko‘p.
- I’m hungry too.Men ham ochman.
- My sister is a doctor too.Opam ham shifokor.
- Can I come too?Men ham kelsam bo‘ladimi?
- She speaks French as well.U fransuzcha ham gapiradi.
Og‘zaki nutqda too dan oldin ko‘pincha vergul qo‘yiladi: I love it, too. Ikkalasi ham to‘g‘ri.
also
also — gapning o‘rtasida:
- We also have a dog.Bizda it ham bor.
- He’s also very funny.U yana juda kulgili ham.
- You can also pay by card.Karta bilan ham to‘lashingiz mumkin.
also gap boshida ham kelishi mumkin (vergul bilan): Also, I want to say... — Yana, aytmoqchiman...
either — inkorda
Inkor gapda too emas, either ishlatiladi:
| Bo‘lishli | Inkor |
|---|---|
| I like it too. | I don’t like it either. |
| She can swim too. | She can’t swim either. |
| We’re tired too. | We aren’t tired either. |
- I don’t eat meat. My wife doesn’t eat meat either.Men go‘sht yemayman. Xotinim ham yemaydi.
- I wasn’t at the party either.Men ham ziyofatda emasdim.
Diqqat: I don’t like it too. — xato. Inkorda — either.
Me too va Me neither
Suhbatda qisqa javob:
- — I love plov. — Me too!— Oshni yaxshi ko‘raman. — Men ham!
- — I’m not tired. — Me neither.— Charchamadim. — Men ham.
- — I can’t dance. — Me neither.— Raqsga tusha olmayman. — Men ham.
Me either ham Amerikada eshitiladi, lekin standart — Me neither. Rasmiyroq javoblar (So do I, Neither can I) — A2 darsida.
“ham” nimaga tegishli?
too bitta gapda turli ma’no berishi mumkin — urg‘u bilan aniqlanadi:
- Ali speaks English too.Ali ham ingliz tilida gapiradi. (boshqalardek)
- Ali speaks English too.Ali ingliz tilida ham gapiradi. (boshqa tillardek)
So do I va Neither do I
Me too va Me neither — so‘zlashuvda qisqa javob. Biroz rasmiyroq va to‘liqroq shakl — So + yordamchi fe’l + ega va Neither + yordamchi fe’l + ega:
| Gap | Men ham (bo‘lishli) | Men ham (inkor) |
|---|---|---|
| I like tea. | So do I. | — |
| She is tired. | So am I. | — |
| He can swim. | So can I. | — |
| We went to Bukhara. | So did I. | — |
| I don’t like coffee. | — | Neither do I. |
| I ’m not hungry. | — | Neither am I. |
| I can’t drive. | — | Neither can I. |
- — I love pizza. — So do I!— Men pitsani yaxshi ko‘raman. — Men ham!
- — I’m from Tashkent. — So am I.— Men Toshkentdanman. — Men ham.
- — I didn’t see the match. — Neither did I.— Men o‘yinni ko‘rmadim. — Men ham ko‘rmadim.
- — She can’t cook. — Neither can her sister.— U ovqat pishira olmaydi. — Singlisi ham.
Qoida: yordamchi fe’l gapdagi fe’lga moslashadi: I like → So do I; I am → So am I; I went → So did I.
Rozi emaslik: I do / I don’t
Agar siz rozi bo‘lmasangiz (boshqacha bo‘lsangiz), qisqa javob teskari bo‘ladi:
- — I love horror films. — Really? I don’t.— Men qo‘rqinchli filmlarni yaxshi ko‘raman. — Rostdanmi? Men yoqtirmayman.
- — I don’t like football. — I do! I play every week.— Men futbolni yoqtirmayman. — Men yoqtiraman! Har hafta o‘ynayman.
- — I’m not tired. — I am. Let’s go home.— Men charchamadim. — Men charchadim. Uyga ketaylik.
as well — gap oxirida
as well — too bilan bir xil ma’no, gap oxirida keladi, biroz britancha:
- I speak English and Russian as well.Men ingliz va rus tillarida ham gapiraman.
- Can I have a coffee as well, please?Menga ham qahva bering, iltimos.
| So‘z | O‘rni | Gap turi |
|---|---|---|
| too | oxirida | bo‘lishli |
| as well | oxirida | bo‘lishli |
| also | fe’ldan oldin / to be dan keyin | bo‘lishli |
| either | oxirida | inkor |
Bosqichma-bosqich
- Gap bo‘lishlimi yoki inkormi? Inkor → either (oxirida).
- Bo‘lishli: gap oxiriga too / as well, yoki o‘rtasiga also.
- also o‘rni: oddiy fe’ldan oldin, be va modaldan keyin.
Misol: “Men ham charchadim.”
- Bo‘lishli. Oxiriga → too.
Misol: “U ham kelmadi.”
- Inkor → either.
Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar
Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar
✗ I don’t like it too.
✓ I don’t like it either.
Inkorda — either.
✗ I too like coffee.
✓ I like coffee too. / I also like coffee.
too — oxirida.
✗ I like also coffee.
✓ I also like coffee.
also — fe’ldan oldin.
✗ She also is a nurse.
✓ She is also a nurse.
be dan keyin also.
✗ — I’m not hungry. — Me too.
✓ — Me neither.
Inkorga — Me neither.
✗ I can also to cook.
✓ I can also cook.
Modaldan keyin to yo‘q.
✗ He either doesn’t smoke.
✓ He doesn’t smoke either.
either — oxirida.
✗ — I like tea. — So I do.
✓ — So do I.
so + yordamchi + ega.
✗ — I’m tired. — So do I.
✓ — So am I.
to be bilan — am.
✗ — I can’t swim. — Neither I can.
✓ — Neither can I.
neither + yordamchi + ega.
✗ — I don’t like it. — Me too.
✓ — Me neither. / Neither do I.
Inkorga javob — neither.
✗ I don’t like it too.
✓ I don’t like it either.
Inkorda — either.
Eslab qoling: bo‘lishli — too, as well (oxirida), also (o‘rtada). Inkor — either (oxirida). Javob: Me too / Me neither.
Hayotiy vaziyatlarda
Ikki do‘st tanishmoqda
- — I’m from Namangan.— Men Namangandanman.
- — Really? My mum is from Namangan too!— Rostdanmi? Onam ham Namangandan!
- — I love football. I also play basketball.— Futbolni yaxshi ko‘raman. Basketbol ham o‘ynayman.
- — Me too! But I can’t play tennis.— Men ham! Lekin tennis o‘ynay olmayman.
- — Me neither. And I don’t like swimming either.— Men ham. Suzishni ham yoqtirmayman.
Ikki yangi hamkasb
- — I’m from Samarkand.— Men Samarqanddanman.
- — Really? So am I! Which part?— Rostdanmi? Men ham! Qaysi qismidan?
- — Near the Registan. I love history.— Registon yaqinidan. Tarixni yaxshi ko‘raman.
- — So do I. But I don’t like museums much.— Men ham. Lekin muzeylarni unchalik yoqtirmayman.
- — Neither do I! They’re a bit boring.— Men ham! Ular biroz zerikarli.
- — I can’t speak French. Can you?— Men fransuzcha gapira olmayman. Siz-chi?
- — No, neither can I. But I speak German as well as English.— Yo‘q, men ham. Lekin inglizchadan tashqari nemischa ham gapiraman.
Kichik matn: “Egizaklar”
My cousins, Ali and Vali, are twins, and they are very similar. Ali loves football, and so does Vali. Ali can’t swim, and neither can Vali. They both study at the same university, and they also play in the same band. Ali doesn’t like vegetables, and Vali doesn’t like them either. But there is one big difference: Ali is a morning person — he gets up at six. Vali doesn’t! He sleeps until noon. “I’m tired,” says Ali every evening. “So am I,” says Vali, but he isn’t really!
Matndan so, neither, also, either ni toping va har birining tuzilishini tushuntiring.
O‘zingizni tekshiring
- I’m a student ___. → too / as well
- She doesn’t eat fish ___. → either
- We ___ have a cat. → also
- — I love this song. — ___ ___! → Me too
- — I don’t understand. — ___ ___. → Me neither
- Tuzating: He can’t drive too. → He can’t drive either.
- — Men choyni yaxshi ko‘raman. — Men ham. (so) → So do I.
- — Men charchadim. — Men ham. → So am I.
- — Men suza olmayman. — Men ham. → Neither can I.
- — Men futbolni yoqtirmayman. — Men yoqtiraman! → I do!
Qisqa xulosa
- too, as well — bo‘lishli gap, oxirida.
- also — bo‘lishli gap, o‘rtada: fe’ldan oldin, be va modaldan keyin.
- either — inkor gap, oxirida.
- Me too — bo‘lishliga; Me neither — inkorga.
- I don’t like it too — xato, either kerak.