Fairly, Rather, Pretty — Daraja ravishlari

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Daraja ravishlari sifat yoki ravishning kuchini o‘zgartiradi: “biroz sovuq”, “ancha yaxshi”, “juda charchagan”, “nihoyatda qiziq”. Ular bitta sifatni kuchaytiradi yoki yumshatadi.

O‘zbekchada bizda juda, ancha, biroz, sal, nihoyatda, xiyla kabi so‘zlar bor. Ingliz tilida ham shunday shkala mavjud. Uni termometr kabi tasavvur qiling:

Eng kuchliextremely, incredibly, really — nihoyatda, juda

Kuchlivery — juda

O‘rtacha-kuchlipretty, rather — ancha, xiyla

O‘rtachafairly, quite — anchagina, yetarlicha

Kuchsiza bit, a little, slightly — biroz, sal

Muhim nuqta — bu so‘zlar faqat kuchni emas, munosabatni ham bildiradi. Masalan, rather ko‘pincha kutilmagan yoki yoqmagan narsa haqida, a bit esa asosan salbiy sifatlar bilan ishlatiladi. Bu darsda shu nozik farqlarni o‘rganamiz.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

Daraja ravishlari shkalasi.
fairly, quite, pretty, rather farqi.
a bit, a little, slightly — biroz.
extremely, incredibly, really — juda kuchli.
Mutlaq sifatlar: absolutely, totally, completely.
Gapdagi o‘rni va eng ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar.

Gapdagi o‘rni

Daraja ravishi odatda sifat yoki ravishdan oldin keladi:

ravish + sifatIt’s pretty cold today.

ravish + ravishShe speaks very quickly.

ravish + fe’l (ba’zilari)I really like it. / I quite enjoyed it.

The film was really good.Film juda yaxshi edi.
You’re driving a bit fast.Biroz tez haydayapsiz.
He’s fairly tall for his age.U yoshiga nisbatan ancha baland bo‘yli.
It’s extremely important.Bu nihoyatda muhim.
I really enjoyed the trip.Sayohat menga juda yoqdi.

fairly, quite, pretty, rather

Bu to‘rttasi “ancha”, “anchagina” degan ma’noga yaqin, lekin kuchi va ohangi farq qiladi.

So‘z	Kuchi	Ohangi	Misol
fairly	eng kuchsiz	neytral, “yomon emas”	The test was fairly* easy.*
quite	o‘rtacha	ijobiy, britancha	It’s quite* good.*
pretty	o‘rtacha-kuchli	so‘zlashuv	That’s pretty* cool!*
rather	o‘rtacha-kuchli	ko‘pincha kutilmagan yoki salbiy	It’s rather* expensive.*

fairly — “anchagina, yomon emas”

fairly eng ehtiyotkor so‘z. U narsa qoniqarli, lekin ajoyib emasligini bildiradi.

My English is fairly good.Ingliz tilim anchagina yaxshi.
The hotel was fairly clean.Mehmonxona yetarlicha toza edi.
I’m fairly sure he’s right.Uning haq ekaniga ancha ishonaman.

quite — “ancha, anchagina”

Britaniya ingliz tilida quite + oddiy sifat “ancha, yaxshigina” degani, lekin very dan kuchsizroq. Ohang intonatsiyaga ham bog‘liq.

The film was quite interesting.Film ancha qiziqarli edi.
It’s quite a long way.Bu ancha uzoq yo‘l.
She’s quite nice when you get to know her.Yaqinroq tanisangiz, u ancha yoqimli.

Diqqat: quite dan keyin artikl: quite a good film (a quite good film ham bo‘ladi, lekin kam). Mutlaq sifatlar bilan quite “butunlay” degan ma’noni beradi: You’re quite right. — “Siz mutlaqo haqsiz.”

pretty — “ancha, xiyla” (so‘zlashuv)

pretty og‘zaki nutqda juda ko‘p ishlatiladi, ma’nosi quite ga yaqin, lekin biroz kuchliroq. Rasmiy matnda ishlatilmaydi.

The exam was pretty hard.Imtihon ancha qiyin bo‘ldi.
I’m pretty tired, actually.Rostini aytsam, ancha charchadim.
That’s a pretty good idea!Bu xiyla yaxshi fikr!

Diqqat: pretty sifat sifatida “chiroyli” degani: a pretty girl. Ravish sifatida — “ancha”: pretty good.

rather — “ancha, xiylagina” (kutilmagan)

rather ko‘pincha salbiy yoki kutilmagan sifatlar bilan keladi. Ijobiy sifat bilan esa “kutganimdan ham yaxshi” degan hayratni bildiradi.

It’s rather cold in here.Bu yer ancha sovuq ekan.
The instructions were rather confusing.Ko‘rsatmalar xiyla chalkash edi.
The film was rather good, actually!Film, aslida, ancha yaxshi ekan! (kutmagandim)

a bit, a little, slightly — “biroz”

Bu so‘zlar sifatni yumshatadi. a bit va a little ko‘pincha salbiy sifatlar bilan ishlatiladi: muammoni yumshoqroq aytish uchun.

I’m a bit tired.Biroz charchadim.
This soup is a little salty.Bu sho‘rva biroz sho‘r.
The shoes are slightly too big.Poyabzal sal kattaroq.
It’s a bit late to call him now.Unga hozir qo‘ng‘iroq qilish biroz kech.

Ijobiy sifat bilan a bit g‘alati eshitiladi: a bit beautiful — xato. To‘g‘risi: quite beautiful, really beautiful.

a bit va slightly qiyosiy daraja bilan ham juda ko‘p ishlatiladi:

Can you speak a bit slower?Biroz sekinroq gapira olasizmi?
This one is slightly cheaper.Bunisi sal arzonroq.
I feel a little better today.Bugun o‘zimni biroz yaxshiroq his qilyapman.

extremely, incredibly, really — juda kuchli

Bu so‘zlar very dan ham kuchliroq ma’no beradi.

The exam was extremely difficult.Imtihon nihoyatda qiyin edi.
She’s incredibly talented.U aql bovar qilmas darajada iste’dodli.
I’m really sorry.Juda afsusdaman.
The food was really delicious.Ovqat juda mazali edi.

really ham sifat bilan, ham fe’l bilan ishlatiladi: I really want to go. — “Rostdan ham borishni juda xohlayman.” very esa fe’l bilan ishlatilmaydi: I very like it — xato. To‘g‘risi: I really like it yoki I like it very much.

Mutlaq sifatlar: absolutely, totally, completely

Ba’zi sifatlarning ma’nosi o‘zi eng kuchli daraja: amazing, terrible, exhausted, freezing, delicious, perfect, impossible. Ular bilan very ishlatilmaydi. Buning o‘rniga absolutely, totally, completely, really keladi.

Oddiy sifat	Mutlaq sifat
very good	absolutely amazing / fantastic
very bad	absolutely terrible / awful
very tired	completely exhausted
very cold	absolutely freezing
very hungry	absolutely starving
very big	absolutely huge
very surprised	completely amazed

The concert was absolutely amazing!Konsert mutlaqo ajoyib edi!
I’m completely exhausted.Holdan toydim.
It’s absolutely freezing outside!Tashqarida qahraton sovuq!
That’s totally impossible.Bu mutlaqo imkonsiz.

very amazing, very exhausted, absolutely good — xato. really esa har ikki turdagi sifat bilan ishlaydi: really good, really amazing.

Bosqichma-bosqich

Qanchalik kuchli? Shkaladan tanlang: a bit → fairly → quite → pretty / rather → very → extremely.
Sifat salbiymi? Yumshatish uchun → a bit / a little.
Kutilmagan yoki yoqmagan narsami? → rather.
Sifat mutlaqmi? (amazing, freezing) → absolutely / completely, very emas.
Fe’lni kuchaytiryapsizmi? → really, very emas.

Misol: “Bugun qahraton sovuq!”

“Qahraton” — mutlaq sifat: freezing.
very emas → absolutely.

NatijaIt’s absolutely freezing today!

Misol: “Bu ko‘ylak sal qimmatroq.”

Yumshatish, salbiy sifat → a bit / slightly.

NatijaThis shirt is a bit expensive. / This shirt is slightly too expensive.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

✗ ~~I very like this song.~~

✓ I really like this song.

very fe’l bilan ishlatilmaydi.

✗ ~~The film was very amazing.~~

✓ The film was absolutely amazing.

Mutlaq sifat — absolutely.

✗ ~~I’m very exhausted.~~

✓ I’m completely exhausted.

exhausted — mutlaq sifat.

✗ ~~She is a bit beautiful.~~

✓ She is quite beautiful.

a bit — asosan salbiy sifatlar bilan.

✗ ~~It’s a quite long way.~~

✓ It’s quite a long way.

quite a + sifat + ot.

✗ ~~The test was absolutely easy.~~

✓ The test was really / very easy.

easy — oddiy sifat.

✗ ~~It’s pretty much cold.~~

✓ It’s pretty cold.

pretty + sifat, much kerak emas.

✗ ~~I’m a bit of tired.~~

✓ I’m a bit tired.

Sifatdan oldin of yo‘q.

✗ ~~He drives extremely careful.~~

✓ He drives extremely carefully.

Fe’lni ravish tasvirlaydi.

Eslab qoling: a bit (salbiy) < fairly < quite < pretty / rather < very < extremely. Mutlaq sifatlar bilan — absolutely, fe’l bilan — really.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Restoranda

— How’s your soup?— Sho‘rvang qalay?
— It’s pretty good, but a bit salty.— Ancha yaxshi, lekin biroz sho‘r.
— My steak is absolutely delicious!— Mening bifshteksim mutlaqo mazali!
— The prices are rather high, though.— Lekin narxlar xiyla baland.
— True, but the service is really fast.— To‘g‘ri, lekin xizmat juda tez.

Ish haqida suhbat

— How was your first week at the new job?— Yangi ishdagi birinchi haftang qanday o‘tdi?
— Fairly good. The people are really friendly.— Anchagina yaxshi. Odamlar juda samimiy.
— And the work?— Ishchi?
— Quite difficult at first, but I’m slightly more confident now.— Avvaliga ancha qiyin edi, lekin hozir biroz o‘zimga ishonchim ortdi.
— You must be completely exhausted.— Holdan toygan bo‘lsang kerak.

Kichik matn: “Tog‘ga sayohat”

Last weekend we went hiking in the mountains. The weather was fairly warm in the morning, but by the afternoon it was absolutely freezing! The path was quite narrow and rather dangerous in some places. My brother walks extremely fast, so I was a bit behind all the time. When we reached the top, the view was absolutely stunning. I was completely exhausted, but I really enjoyed the trip. It was pretty much the best weekend of the year.

Matndagi har bir daraja ravishini toping va uni shkalaga joylashtiring. Qaysilari mutlaq sifatlar bilan kelgan?

O‘zingizni tekshiring

Men biroz charchadim. → I’m a bit tired.
Bu qo‘shiq menga juda yoqadi. → I really like this song.
Konsert mutlaqo ajoyib edi. → The concert was absolutely amazing.
Bu ancha uzoq yo‘l. → It’s quite a long way.
Imtihon nihoyatda qiyin edi. → The exam was extremely difficult.
Bunisi sal arzonroq. → This one is slightly cheaper.
Bu yer xiyla sovuq ekan. → It’s rather cold in here.

Hammasi to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, mavzu bo‘yicha testni topshiring.

Qisqa xulosa

Daraja ravishi sifat yoki ravishdan oldin keladi.
Shkala: a bit / slightly < fairly < quite < pretty / rather < very < extremely / incredibly.
a bit / a little — asosan salbiy sifatlar va qiyosiy daraja bilan.
rather — kutilmagan yoki yoqmagan narsa; pretty — so‘zlashuvda.
quite a + sifat + ot: quite a long way.
Mutlaq sifatlar (amazing, exhausted, freezing) bilan — absolutely / completely, very emas.
Fe’l bilan — really: I really like it (I very like it — xato).