With, For, About, From

Oddiy qilib aytganda

O‘zbek tilida ko‘p ma’nolar qo‘shimcha bilan beriladi: do‘stim bilan, sen uchun, kitob haqida, Toshkentdan. Inglizchada buning uchun predloglar (prepositions) ishlatiladi va ular otdan oldin turadi.

Joy va vaqt predloglarini alohida darslarda o‘rgandik. Bu darsda eng ko‘p ishlatiladigan boshqa predloglar: with, without, for, about, from, of, to.

• I go to school with my brother.Maktabga akam bilan boraman.
• I drink coffee without milk.Men qahvani sutsiz ichaman.
• This present is for you.Bu sovg‘a siz uchun.
• Let’s talk about the weekend.Dam olish kunlari haqida gaplashaylik.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. with va without.
2. for — uchun, maqsad.
3. about — haqida.
4. from va to — qayerdan va qayerga.
5. of — qism va bog‘lanish.
6. Predlogdan keyin olmosh: with me, for her.

with va without

• Can I come with you?Siz bilan borsam bo‘ladimi?
• A girl with long hair.Uzun sochli qiz.
• Write with a pen, not a pencil.Ruchka bilan yozing, qalam bilan emas.

for

for — “uchun”: kim uchun, nima uchun, qancha vaqtga:

• This letter is for you.Bu xat siz uchun.
• I work for a big company.Katta kompaniyada ishlayman.
• What’s for dinner?Kechki ovqatga nima bor?
• Thanks for your help.Yordamingiz uchun rahmat.
• I’m here for two weeks.Men bu yerda ikki haftaga keldim.

about

about — “haqida”:

• a film about lovesevgi haqida film
• What are you talking about?Nima haqida gapiryapsiz?
• Tell me about your family.Oilangiz haqida aytib bering.
• I’m worried about my exam.Imtihonim haqida xavotirdaman.

from va to

• Where are you from?Qayerdansiz?
• I got a message from my teacher.O‘qituvchimdan xabar oldim.
• We work from Monday to Friday.Dushanbadan jumagacha ishlaymiz.
• Send it to my email.Uni emailimga yuboring.

Diqqat: home bilan to ishlatilmaydi: go home (go to home — xato).

of

of — ikki narsani bog‘laydi: qism, miqdor, tegishlilik:

• a cup of teabir piyola choy
• a lot of peopleko‘p odamlar
• the name of the streetko‘chaning nomi
• the end of the filmfilmning oxiri
• one of my friendsdo‘stlarimdan biri

Odamlar uchun egalik odatda ’s bilan: Ali’s car (the car of Ali — g‘alati).

Predlogdan keyin olmosh

Predlogdan keyin obyekt olmoshi keladi: me, you, him, her, it, us, them.

Fe’l + predlog birikmalari

Ko‘p fe’llar muayyan predlog bilan keladi. Bu birikmalarni yaxlit yodlash kerak:

• Please listen to me!Iltimos, meni tinglang!
• We waited for an hour.Biz bir soat kutdik.
• It depends on you.Bu sizga bog‘liq.

Diqqat: I listen music — xato (to kerak). I wait the bus — xato (for kerak).

Sifat + predlog birikmalari

Sifatlar ham muayyan predlog bilan keladi:

• She’s good at maths.U matematikani yaxshi biladi.
• I’m interested in history.Men tarixga qiziqaman.
• My little sister is afraid of dogs.Singlim itlardan qo‘rqadi.
• Samarkand is famous for its old buildings.Samarqand qadimiy binolari bilan mashhur.
• The bottle is full of water.Shisha suvga to‘la.

Predlogdan keyin fe’l: -ing

Predlogdan keyin fe’l kelsa, u doim -ing shaklida bo‘ladi:

• Thank you for coming.Kelganingiz uchun rahmat.
• I’m interested in learning Chinese.Xitoy tilini o‘rganishga qiziqaman.
• She left without saying goodbye.U xayrlashmasdan ketdi.
• How about going for a walk?Sayr qilsak-chi?

Thanks for help me — xato. Thanks for helping me — to‘g‘ri.

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. O‘zbekcha qo‘shimchani toping: bilan, -siz, uchun, haqida, -dan, -ga.
2. Mos predlogni tanlang.
3. Predlogni otdan oldin qo‘ying. Olmosh bo‘lsa — me, him, her...

Misol: “Men u bilan gaplashdim.” (she)

1. “bilan” → with. she → her.

Misol: “Bu kitob Samarqand haqida.”

1. “haqida” → about.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: with — bilan, without — -siz, for — uchun, about — haqida, from — -dan, to — -ga, of — -ning. Predlogdan keyin: me, him, her, them.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Do‘stga xabar

Hi Shahzoda! I’m in Bukhara with my family. We’re here for five days. We came from Tashkent by train. Yesterday we visited a museum about the history of the city. I bought a present for you – a beautiful scarf! I can’t live without Bukhara bread now. See you soon. Love from Nilufar.

Ish suhbatida

• — What are you interested in?— Nimaga qiziqasiz?
• — I’m interested in technology and design.— Texnologiya va dizaynga qiziqaman.
• — What are you good at?— Nimani yaxshi bilasiz?
• — I’m good at working with people and solving problems.— Odamlar bilan ishlash va muammolarni hal qilishni yaxshi bilaman.
• — Is there anything you’re afraid of?— Biror narsadan qo‘rqasizmi?
• — Public speaking! But I’m working on it.— Ommaviy chiqishdan! Lekin ustida ishlayapman.
• — Thank you for coming. We’ll call you about the results.— Kelganingiz uchun rahmat. Natijalar haqida sizga qo‘ng‘iroq qilamiz.

Kichik matn: “Mening ukam”

My younger brother Jasur is ten. He’s very good at football but bad at maths. He’s interested in dinosaurs and always talks about them. He’s afraid of the dark, so he sleeps with a small light. Every evening he listens to music for an hour before bed. Yesterday he waited for me after school and said, “Thanks for coming!” I’m very proud of him — last week his team won a match, and he scored two goals!

Matndagi barcha fe’l + predlog va sifat + predlog birikmalarini toping.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. I drink tea ___ sugar. (shakarsiz) → without
2. This cake is ___ you. → for
3. Tell me ___ your trip. → about
4. He’s ___ Korea. → from
5. A glass ___ water. → of
6. Tuzating: Come with we! → Come with us!
7. Men musiqa tinglayman. → I listen to music.
8. U matematikani yaxshi biladi. → She’s good at maths.
9. Men tarixga qiziqaman. → I’m interested in history.
10. Kelganingiz uchun rahmat. → Thank you for coming.

Qisqa xulosa

• with — bilan; without — -siz.
• for — uchun: for you, thanks for...
• about — haqida: a film about love.
• from — -dan (qayerdan, kimdan); to — -ga (qayerga, kimga).
• of — qism, miqdor: a cup of tea, the end of the film.
• Predlog otdan oldin turadi; undan keyin me, him, her, us, them.