Possessive + Gerund

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Gerund (fe’lning -ing shakli ot vazifasida) oldidan ba’zan harakatni bajaruvchi odamni ko‘rsatish kerak bo‘ladi:

I don’t mind waiting. — Kutishga qarshi emasman. (kim kutadi? — men) I don’t mind his waiting. — Uning kutishiga qarshi emasman. (kim kutadi? — u)

Ingliz tilida bu “bajaruvchini” ikki xil ifodalash mumkin:

1. Egalik shakli (possessive): his coming, my being late, John’s leaving — rasmiy, “to‘g‘ri” grammatika.
2. To‘ldiruvchi shakli (object pronoun / ot): him coming, me being late, John leaving — norasmiy, so‘zlashuvda ko‘proq.

I don’t mind his smoking. — rasmiy. I don’t mind him smoking. — norasmiy, so‘zlashuv.

Ikkalasining ma’nosi bir xil. O‘zbek tilida bu ma’no ko‘pincha egalik qo‘shimchasi bilan beriladi: uning kelishi, mening kechikishim, Azizning ketishi — ya’ni o‘zbekcha shakl possessive gerundga juda o‘xshaydi.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. Possessive + gerund — rasmiy uslub.
2. Object + gerund — norasmiy uslub.
3. Qaysi fe’l va predloglardan keyin keladi.
4. Gerund gapning egasi bo‘lganda — egalik shakli afzal.
5. Qachon faqat to‘ldiruvchi shakli ishlatiladi.
6. Sezgi fe’llari: I saw him leaving — boshqa tuzilma.

Egalik shakli — rasmiy uslub

Egalik olmoshi (my, your, his, her, our, their) yoki egalik otidagi ’s gerunddan oldin keladi:

• I don’t mind your coming late.Kech kelishingizga qarshi emasman.
• I appreciate your helping me.Menga yordam berganingizni qadrlayman.
• She was upset about his forgetting her birthday.U tug‘ilgan kunini unutib qo‘ygani uchun xafa edi.
• Do you mind my opening the window?Derazani ochishimga qarshi emasmisiz?
• We were surprised at John’s leaving so suddenly.Jonning to‘satdan ketib qolganidan hayron bo‘ldik.
• I can’t understand their wanting to move.Ularning ko‘chib ketishni xohlashini tushuna olmayman.

Bu shakl rasmiy xatlar, akademik matnlar va ehtiyotkor nutqda afzal ko‘riladi. Grammatika kitoblari uni “to‘g‘ri” shakl deb hisoblaydi.

To‘ldiruvchi shakli — norasmiy

Kundalik so‘zlashuvda egalik shakli ko‘pincha to‘ldiruvchi olmosh (me, him, her, us, them) yoki oddiy ot bilan almashtiriladi:

• I don’t mind you coming late.Kech kelishingga qarshi emasman.
• Do you mind me opening the window?Derazani ochishimga qarshi emasmisan?
• I can’t imagine him doing that.Uning buni qilishini tasavvur qila olmayman.
• She’s worried about her son travelling alone.U o‘g‘lining yolg‘iz sayohat qilishidan xavotirda.
• I remember my grandfather telling me stories.Bobomning menga ertak aytib berganini eslayman.

Solishtiring

Ikkala shakl ham to‘g‘ri — tanlov uslubga bog‘liq.

Qaysi fe’l va predloglardan keyin?

Bu tuzilma gerund oladigan fe’llar va predloglardan keyin keladi:

• She insisted on my staying for dinner.U kechki ovqatga qolishimni talab qildi.
• My parents don’t approve of my going out late.Ota-onam kechasi ko‘chaga chiqishimni ma’qullamaydi.
• Please excuse my being late.Kechikkanim uchun uzr. (rasmiy, muloyim)
• Forgive my asking, but how old are you?So‘raganim uchun kechirasiz, lekin necha yoshdasiz?
• What do you think about him moving to Dubai?Uning Dubayga ko‘chib ketishi haqida nima deb o‘ylaysan?

Excuse my / Forgive my + -ing — juda muloyim, rasmiy iboralar: Excuse my interrupting. — “Gapingizni bo‘lganim uchun uzr.”

Gerund — gapning egasi

Agar gerund gapning boshida, ega vazifasida tursa, egalik shakli ancha tabiiyroq. To‘ldiruvchi shakli bu yerda noqulay eshitiladi:

• Your coming here means a lot to me.Bu yerga kelganingiz men uchun juda muhim.
• Her winning the prize surprised everyone.Uning sovrin yutgani hammani hayratda qoldirdi.
• John’s leaving the company was a big loss.Jonning kompaniyadan ketishi katta yo‘qotish bo‘ldi.
• My being a foreigner made things difficult.Chet ellik ekanim ishlarni qiyinlashtirdi.

Qachon faqat to‘ldiruvchi shakli?

Ba’zi hollarda egalik shakli ishlatilmaydi yoki juda g‘alati eshitiladi:

1. Jonsiz otlar

Narsalar, mavhum tushunchalar bilan odatda egalik shakli ishlatilmaydi:

• I’m worried about the car breaking down. ✓Mashina buzilib qolishidan xavotirdaman.
• I’m worried about the car’s breaking down. ✗ (g‘alati)
• There’s no chance of the weather improving. ✓Ob-havoning yaxshilanishiga umid yo‘q.

2. Uzun ot guruhlari

• I remember the man next door shouting. ✓Qo‘shni odamning baqirganini eslayman.
• I remember the man next door’s shouting. ✗ (noqulay)

3. Ko‘plikdagi otlar va noaniq olmoshlar

• I don’t like people being rude. ✓Odamlarning qo‘pollik qilishini yoqtirmayman.
• I can’t imagine anyone doing that. ✓Birovning buni qilishini tasavvur qila olmayman.
• I object to students using phones in class. ✓Talabalarning darsda telefondan foydalanishiga qarshiman.

4. Gerunddan keyin uzun qism bo‘lsa

So‘zlashuvda va uzun gaplarda to‘ldiruvchi shakli tabiiyroq.

Sezgi fe’llari: I saw him leaving

see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, catch fe’llari bilan faqat to‘ldiruvchi shakli ishlatiladi — bu boshqa tuzilma (verb + object + -ing):

• I heard her singing in the shower.Uning dushda qo‘shiq aytayotganini eshitdim.
• We watched the children playing in the park.Bolalarning parkda o‘ynayotganini tomosha qildik.
• She caught him stealing money.U uni pul o‘g‘irlayotganda ushlab oldi.
• I found her crying in her room.Uni xonasida yig‘layotgan holda topdim.

Bu yerda him, her — sezgi fe’lining to‘ldiruvchisi, gerundning bajaruvchisi emas.

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. Gerund oldidan bajaruvchini ko‘rsatish kerakmi? — Ha.
2. Gerund gapning egasimi? → egalik shakli: His leaving surprised us.
3. Uslub rasmiymi? → egalik shakli: I appreciate your helping.
4. Uslub norasmiymi? → to‘ldiruvchi shakli: I appreciate you helping.
5. Jonsiz ot, uzun guruh, noaniq olmoshmi? → to‘ldiruvchi / oddiy ot.
6. Sezgi fe’lidan keyinmi? (see, hear) → faqat to‘ldiruvchi.

Misol: “Uning (qiz) kech kelishi hammani asabiylashtirdi.” (rasmiy)

1. Gerund — ega → egalik shakli.

Misol: “Shu yerga o‘tirsam qarshi emasmisan?” (do‘stga)

1. Norasmiy → to‘ldiruvchi shakli.

Misol: “Avtobusning kechikishidan xavotirdaman.”

1. Jonsiz ot → oddiy ot.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: my / his / John’s + -ing — rasmiy; me / him / John + -ing — norasmiy. Gerund — ega bo‘lsa — egalik; jonsiz ot va sezgi fe’llari bilan — to‘ldiruvchi. he / she / I + -ing — xato.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Muloyim iltimos

• — Excuse me, do you mind my sitting here?— Kechirasiz, shu yerga o‘tirishimga qarshi emasmisiz?
• — Not at all. Please, go ahead.— Umuman. Marhamat, o‘tiring.
• — Thank you. And forgive my asking, but are you from Tashkent?— Rahmat. So‘raganim uchun kechirasiz, siz Toshkentdanmisiz?
• — Yes, I am. Why?— Ha. Nega?
• — I thought I recognised your accent!— Talaffuzingizdan tanigandek bo‘ldim!

Ota-ona va farzand

• — Mum, why don’t you like me going to concerts?— Oyi, nega konsertlarga borishimni yoqtirmaysiz?
• — I’m worried about you coming home so late.— Bunchalik kech qaytishingdan xavotirlanaman.
• — But I always take a taxi!— Lekin men doim taksiga o‘tiraman-ku!
• — I know, and I appreciate you calling me when you arrive.— Bilaman, yetib kelganingda qo‘ng‘iroq qilishingni qadrlayman.

Kichik matn: “Rasmiy minnatdorchilik xati”

Dear Mr Rahimov, I am writing to thank you for your support during my internship. I greatly appreciated your taking the time to explain the company’s procedures to me. Your inviting me to the board meeting was a wonderful opportunity. I also remember your saying that every mistake is a chance to learn — this advice helped me a lot. Please excuse my not writing sooner; the last few weeks have been very busy. I hope you will not object to my contacting you again in the future. Yours sincerely, Dilnoza Karimova

Xatdagi barcha egalik + gerund tuzilmalarini toping. Ularni norasmiy uslubda qanday yozgan bo‘lardingiz?

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. Yordam berganingizni qadrlayman. (rasmiy) → I appreciate your helping me.
2. Shu yerga o‘tirsam qarshi emasmisan? (norasmiy) → Do you mind me sitting here?
3. Uning ketishi hammani hayratda qoldirdi. → His leaving surprised everyone.
4. Uning buni qilishini tasavvur qila olmayman. → I can’t imagine him doing that.
5. Mashinaning buzilishidan xavotirdaman. → I’m worried about the car breaking down.
6. Uni binodan chiqib ketayotganini ko‘rdim. → I saw him leaving the building.
7. Kechikkanim uchun uzr. (rasmiy) → Please excuse my being late.

Hammasi to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, mavzu bo‘yicha testni topshiring.

Qisqa xulosa

• Gerund oldidan bajaruvchi: egalik (my, his, John’s) yoki to‘ldiruvchi (me, him, John).
• Egalik — rasmiy; to‘ldiruvchi — norasmiy. Ikkalasi ham to‘g‘ri.
• Fe’llar va predloglar: mind, imagine, appreciate, remember, insist on, object to, approve of, excuse.
• Gerund ega bo‘lsa — egalik shakli: His being late annoyed me.
• Jonsiz otlar, uzun guruhlar, people / anyone — to‘ldiruvchi shakli.
• Sezgi fe’llari (see, hear, watch, catch) — faqat to‘ldiruvchi: I saw him leaving.
• he / she / I + -ing — xato.