How much / How many
Qancha? Nechta?
Bu darsda
Oddiy qilib aytganda
O‘zbekchada “qancha?” va “nechta?” deymiz. Inglizchada ham ikki xil savol bor, lekin tanlov otga qarab qilinadi:
- How many — sanaladigan otlar bilan (ko‘plikda): How many apples?
- How much — sanalmaydigan otlar bilan va narx so‘raganda: How much water? How much is it?
- How many children have you got?Nechta farzandingiz bor?
- How much money do you need?Sizga qancha pul kerak?
- How much is this jacket?Bu kurtka qancha turadi?
- How many people live in Tashkent?Toshkentda qancha odam yashaydi?
Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:
- Sanaladigan va sanalmaydigan otlarni farqlash.
- How many + ko‘plik ot.
- How much + sanalmaydigan ot.
- Narxni so‘rash va aytish.
- Otsiz savol: How many? How much?
- Javob berish: a lot, not many, not much.
Qaysi otlar sanaladi?
| Sanaladigan (bir, ikki...) | Sanalmaydigan |
|---|---|
| apples, books, students | water, milk, rice, sugar |
| eggs, cars, days | money, time, bread, information |
| people, children | advice, homework, news, music |
Qoida: ot oldiga son qo‘ya olsangiz (two apples) — sanaladi. Qo‘ya olmasangiz (two waters — g‘alati) — sanalmaydi.
How many
How many dan keyin ot doim ko‘plikda:
- How many brothers and sisters have you got?Nechta aka-uka va opa-singilingiz bor?
- How many students are there in your class?Sinfingizda nechta o‘quvchi bor?
- How many languages do you speak?Nechta tilda gapirasiz?
- How many hours do you sleep?Necha soat uxlaysiz?
How much
How much dan keyin ot birlikda, fe’l ham birlikda (is):
- How much water do you drink a day?Kuniga qancha suv ichasiz?
- How much time have we got?Qancha vaqtimiz bor?
- How much sugar is there?Qancha shakar bor?
- How much homework do you have?Qancha uy vazifangiz bor?
Narx so‘rash
- — How much is a kilo of apples? — 15,000 som.— Bir kilo olma qancha? — 15 000 so‘m.
- — How much are the tickets? — 30,000 each.— Chiptalar qancha? — Har biri 30 000.
- — How much does a taxi to the airport cost?— Aeroportgacha taksi qancha turadi?
Otsiz savol
Qaysi narsa ekani aniq bo‘lsa, ot tushirib qoldiriladi:
- — I need some eggs. — How many? — Ten.— Tuxum kerak. — Nechta? — O‘nta.
- — Can I have some milk? — How much? — Just a little.— Sut bera olasizmi? — Qancha? — Ozgina.
Javob berish
| Sanaladigan | Sanalmaydigan |
|---|---|
| a lot / lots | a lot / lots |
| not many | not much |
| a few (bir nechta) | a little (ozgina) |
| none / no + ot | none / no + ot |
- — How many friends have you got here? — Not many.— Bu yerda do‘stlaringiz ko‘pmi? — Ko‘p emas.
- — How much money have you got? — Only a little.— Qancha pulingiz bor? — Ozgina.
Ikkala tur ham bo‘ladigan otlar
Ba’zi otlar ma’nosiga qarab sanaladi yoki sanalmaydi. Shunda How much yoki How many tanlovi ham o‘zgaradi:
| How much (umuman, modda) | How many (alohida narsalar) |
|---|---|
| How much coffee do you drink? — Qancha qahva ichasiz? | How many coffees did you order? — Nechta qahva buyurtma qildingiz? |
| How much time do we have? — Qancha vaqtimiz bor? | How many times have you been there? — U yerda necha marta bo‘lgansiz? |
| How much paper do you need? — Qancha qog‘oz kerak? | How many papers do you read? — Nechta gazeta o‘qiysiz? |
| How much chicken is left? — Qancha tovuq go‘shti qoldi? | How many chickens have you got? — Nechta tovug‘ingiz bor? |
- How much hair do you cut off?Sochdan qanchasini kesasiz? (umuman soch)
- How many hairs are on your head?Boshingizda nechta soch tolasi bor?
Miqdor so‘zlari: a lot of, a few, a little
How much / How many savoliga javobda miqdor so‘zlari ishlatiladi. Ular ham sanaladigan va sanalmaydigan otlarga qarab farq qiladi:
| Sanaladigan (many) | Sanalmaydigan (much) | Ma’nosi |
|---|---|---|
| a lot of books | a lot of water | ko‘p |
| many books | much water (inkor / savolda) | ko‘p |
| a few books | a little water | biroz |
| few books | little water | juda kam |
| not many books | not much water | ko‘p emas |
| no books | no water | hech qanday |
- — How many friends do you have? — A lot! / A few. / Not many.— Nechta do‘sting bor? — Ko‘p! / Bir nechta. / Ko‘p emas.
- — How much sugar do you want? — Just a little, please.— Qancha shakar xohlaysiz? — Ozgina, iltimos.
- There aren’t many people here today.Bugun bu yerda odam ko‘p emas.
- I don’t have much money.Pulim ko‘p emas.
Diqqat: bo‘lishli gapda much kamdan-kam ishlatiladi: I have much money — g‘alati; I have a lot of money — tabiiy.
O‘lchov birliklari bilan
Sanalmaydigan narsalarni o‘lchov birligi bilan sanash mumkin — shunda How many ishlatiladi:
- How many cups of tea do you drink a day?Kuniga necha piyola choy ichasiz?
- How many kilos of apples do you need?Necha kilo olma kerak?
- How many bottles of water should I buy?Necha shisha suv olay?
- How many slices of bread would you like?Necha bo‘lak non xohlaysiz?
Taqqoslang: How much tea (umuman choy) — How many cups of tea (piyolalar soni).
Bosqichma-bosqich
- Otni toping. Sanaladimi? (son qo‘yib bo‘ladimi?)
- Sanaladi → How many + ko‘plik.
- Sanalmaydi yoki narx → How much.
- Keyin savol tartibi: do/does yoki is/are.
Misol: “Nechta mushugingiz bor?”
- cat — sanaladi → How many cats.
Misol: “Qancha guruch kerak?”
- rice — sanalmaydi → How much rice.
Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar
Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar
✗ How much apples do you want?
✓ How many apples do you want?
apples — sanaladi.
✗ How many money have you got?
✓ How much money have you got?
money — sanalmaydi.
✗ How many book do you have?
✓ How many books do you have?
How many + ko‘plik.
✗ How much is these shoes?
✓ How much are these shoes?
Ko‘plik — are.
✗ How much it costs?
✓ How much does it cost?
Savol tartibi.
✗ How many people is there?
✓ How many people are there?
people — ko‘plik.
✗ How much informations?
✓ How much information?
information — sanalmaydi, -s yo‘q.
✗ How much times have you been there?
✓ How many times...?
times — sanaladi.
✗ How many money do you need?
✓ How much money do you need?
money — sanalmaydi.
✗ I have much friends.
✓ I have a lot of friends.
Bo‘lishli gapda — a lot of.
✗ How much cups of tea?
✓ How many cups of tea?
cups — sanaladi.
✗ There is a few water.
✓ There is a little water.
Sanalmaydigan — a little.
Eslab qoling: many — sanaladigan (ko‘plik). much — sanalmaydigan va narx.
Hayotiy vaziyatlarda
Bozorda
- — Good morning! How much are the tomatoes?— Assalomu alaykum! Pomidor qancha?
- — 12,000 a kilo. How many kilos do you want?— Kilosi 12 000. Necha kilo olasiz?
- — Two, please. And how much is the honey?— Ikki kilo, iltimos. Asal-chi, qancha?
- — 80,000 a jar.— Bir bankasi 80 000.
- — OK, one jar. How much is that altogether?— Mayli, bitta banka. Hammasi qancha bo‘ldi?
- — 104,000, please.— 104 000, marhamat.
Supermarketda
- — How much milk do we need?— Qancha sut kerak?
- — Two bottles. And how many eggs are there at home?— Ikki shisha. Uyda nechta tuxum bor?
- — Not many — maybe three. Let’s buy a dozen.— Ko‘p emas — balki uchta. O‘n ikkitasini olaylik.
- — How much is this cheese?— Bu pishloq qancha turadi?
- — 45,000 sums per kilo. How much do you want?— Kilosi 45 000 so‘m. Qancha xohlaysiz?
- — Just a little — about 300 grams.— Ozgina — taxminan 300 gramm.
Kichik matn: “Tug‘ilgan kunga tayyorgarlik”
My sister’s birthday is on Saturday, and I’m making a list. How many guests are coming? About twenty. How much food do we need? A lot! I need five kilos of rice for the plov and a few kilos of carrots. How many bottles of juice should I buy? Maybe ten. We don’t have much time, and we don’t have much money either, so I’m buying only a little cake. My mum asked, “How many chairs do we have?” Only twelve — so some guests will sit on the sofa!
Matndagi How much va How many savollarini toping. Ulardan keyin qanday otlar kelgan?
O‘zingizni tekshiring
- How ___ eggs do we need? → many
- How ___ milk is in the fridge? → much
- How ___ ___ this T-shirt? → much is
- How ___ ___ these glasses? → much are
- Tuzating: How many water do you drink? → How much water do you drink?
- How ___ people came to the party? → many
- Kuniga necha piyola choy ichasiz? → How many cups of tea do you drink a day?
- Qancha vaqtimiz bor? → How much time do we have?
- Mening do‘stlarim ko‘p. → I have a lot of friends.
- Ozgina shakar, iltimos. → A little sugar, please.
Qisqa xulosa
- How many + ko‘plik sanaladigan ot: How many books?
- How much + sanalmaydigan ot: How much water?
- Narx: How much is / are...? How much does it cost?
- Ot aniq bo‘lsa, tushirib qoldiriladi: How many? How much?
- Javob: a lot, not many / not much, a few / a little.