Whose, Where, When in Relative Clauses

Oddiy qilib aytganda

who, which, that dan tashqari aniqlovchi ergash gaplarda yana uchta muhim so‘z bor:

• whose — egalik: “...ning”: the man whose car was stolen (mashinasi o‘g‘irlangan odam).
• where — joy: the city where I was born (men tug‘ilgan shahar).
• when — vaqt: the day when we met (biz uchrashgan kun).

• That’s the man whose dog bit me.Bu — iti meni tishlagan odam.
• This is the hotel where we stayed.Bu — biz turgan mehmonxona.
• I remember the day when you were born.Sen tug‘ilgan kunni eslayman.
• She’s the writer whose books I love.U — kitoblarini yaxshi ko‘radigan yozuvchim.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. whose — odam va narsalar uchun egalik.
2. where — joy (in which).
3. when — vaqt.
4. where va which farqi.
5. when ni tushirish yoki that bilan almashtirish.
6. whose va who’s farqi.

whose

whose dan keyin doim ot keladi. U his, her, their, its o‘rnini bosadi:

whose — odamlar uchun ham, narsalar uchun ham: a house whose windows are broken.

Diqqat: whose ≠ who’s (= who is / who has).

where

where — joy haqida. U in which / at which o‘rnini bosadi:

• This is the school where I studied.Bu — men o‘qigan maktab.
• I know a restaurant where you can eat great plov.Ajoyib osh yeyish mumkin bo‘lgan restoranni bilaman.
• The town where my parents live is very small.Ota-onam yashaydigan shaharcha juda kichik.

where yoki which?

Tekshirish: ergash gapda predlogsiz to‘ldiruvchi bo‘lsa — which. I visited the city → which. I live in the city → where (= in which).

when

when — vaqt so‘zlaridan keyin: day, year, time, moment, summer...:

• 2016 was the year when I moved to Tashkent.2016 — men Toshkentga ko‘chgan yil.
• Do you remember the time when we got lost?Adashib qolgan vaqtimizni eslaysanmi?
• Summer is the season when most people travel.Yoz — ko‘pchilik sayohat qiladigan fasl.

when ni ko‘pincha tushirib yoki that bilan almashtirish mumkin: the day (that) we met.

why — the reason why

why — “sabab” so‘zidan keyin keladi va nima uchun ekanini aytadi:

• That’s the reason why I’m late.Kechikishimning sababi shu.
• Do you know the reason why she left?Uning ketish sababini bilasanmi?
• I don’t understand why he did it.Nega u buni qilganini tushunmayapman.

why ni tushirish mumkin: That’s the reason I’m late. Yoki that: the reason that I’m late.

whose — narsalar uchun ham

whose faqat odamlar uchun emas — narsalar, joylar, tashkilotlar uchun ham ishlatiladi:

• I live in a house whose walls are 100 years old.Men devorlari 100 yillik bo‘lgan uyda yashayman.
• It’s a company whose products are sold worldwide.Bu mahsulotlari butun dunyoda sotiladigan kompaniya.
• Samarkand is a city whose history goes back 2,500 years.Samarqand tarixi 2500 yilga borib taqaladigan shahar.

where, when — vergulli gaplarda

where va when vergulli (qo‘shimcha ma’lumot beruvchi) gaplarda ham ishlatiladi:

• I was born in Bukhara, where my grandparents still live.Men Buxoroda tug‘ilganman, bobo-buvim hali ham o‘sha yerda yashaydi.
• We met in 2015, when we were both students.Biz 2015-yilda uchrashganmiz, o‘shanda ikkalamiz ham talaba edik.
• My grandfather, whose stories I love, is 90.Hikoyalarini yaxshi ko‘radigan bobom 90 yoshda.

Vaqt so‘zlari bilan when

when — vaqtni bildiruvchi otlardan keyin:

• I remember the day when I met you.Siz bilan uchrashgan kunimni eslayman.
• Summer is the season when most people travel.Yoz — ko‘pchilik sayohat qiladigan fasl.
• 2020 was the year when everything changed.2020 — hamma narsa o‘zgargan yil edi.

when ni ko‘pincha tushirish mumkin: I remember the day I met you.

Predlog bilan alternativa

where va when o‘rniga predlog + which (rasmiyroq):

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. Egalikmi (uning, ularning)? → whose + ot.
2. Joymi (shu yerda nima bo‘ladi)? → where.
3. Vaqtmi (o‘sha paytda)? → when.

Misol: “Bu — otasi mashhur aktyor bo‘lgan bola.”

1. Egalik (uning otasi) → whose father.

Misol: “Biz uchrashgan park.”

1. Joy (parkda uchrashdik) → where.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: whose + ot — egalik. where — joy (= in which). when — vaqt. whose ≠ who’s.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Eski suratlar

• — Who’s this?— Bu kim?
• — That’s my uncle Botir, whose house we stayed in last summer.— Bu Botir amakim, o‘tgan yozi uyida turgandik.
• — And where is this?— Bu qayer?
• — That’s the village where my grandparents lived.— Bu buvamlar yashagan qishloq.
• — Beautiful! And this?— Chiroyli! Bunisi-chi?
• — That’s the day when my sister got married. The woman whose dress is red is my aunt.— Bu opam turmushga chiqqan kun. Ko‘ylagi qizil ayol — xolam.

Suratlarni ko‘rish

• — Who’s this?— Bu kim?
• — That’s my aunt, whose son lives in Canada.— Bu xolam, uning o‘g‘li Kanadada yashaydi.
• — And this place?— Bu joy-chi?
• — That’s the village where my father was born.— Bu otam tug‘ilgan qishloq.
• — It looks beautiful. When was it taken?— Chiroyli ko‘rinadi. Qachon olingan?
• — In 1995, when I was two. That’s the reason why I don’t remember it!— 1995-yilda, men ikki yoshda bo‘lganimda. Shuning uchun eslay olmayman!

Kichik matn: “Mening shahrim”

I grew up in Fergana, where the people are friendly and the fruit is delicious. I lived in a small house whose garden was full of apple trees. My best friend was a girl whose mother was my teacher. I remember the summer when we built a treehouse together. That was the year when I learnt to swim in the river where all the village children played. Now I live in Tashkent, but Fergana is the place where my heart is. That’s the reason why I visit every year.

Matnda where, when, whose va why ni toping. Har biri qanday otdan keyin kelgan?

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. I have a friend ___ mother is a doctor. → whose
2. This is the restaurant ___ we had our first date. → where
3. I’ll never forget the day ___ I passed my exam. → when
4. The museum ___ we visited was closed. → which / that
5. Tuzating: the man who his wife is a singer → the man whose wife is a singer
6. Kechikishimning sababi shu. → That’s the reason why I’m late.
7. Mahsulotlari butun dunyoda sotiladigan kompaniya → a company whose products are sold worldwide
8. Siz bilan uchrashgan kunimni eslayman. → I remember the day when I met you.
9. Men tug‘ilgan shahar → the city where I was born

Qisqa xulosa

• whose + ot — egalik (his, her, its, their o‘rniga): the girl whose phone...
• whose — odam va narsalar uchun; who’s = who is / who has.
• where — joy (= in which / at which): the city where I live.
• To‘ldiruvchi joy (visit the city) — which.
• when — vaqt: the day when we met; tushirish yoki that mumkin.