Separable Phrasal Verbs

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Frazali fe’l (phrasal verb) — fe’l va kichik so‘zdan (up, off, on, out, down, back, away...) tuzilgan birikma: turn off — o‘chirmoq, pick up — olib ketmoq, ko‘tarmoq, give back — qaytarib bermoq. Bu birikmaning ma’nosi ko‘pincha alohida so‘zlar ma’nosidan farq qiladi.

Frazali fe’llarning bir qismi ajraladigan (separable) bo‘ladi: ularning ikki qismi orasiga to‘ldiruvchi (ot yoki olmosh) kira oladi.

Turn off the light. = Turn the light off. — Chiroqni o‘chir.

Ikkalasi ham to‘g‘ri. Lekin to‘ldiruvchi olmosh bo‘lsa (it, them, him, her, me, us, you), qoida qat’iy: olmosh albatta o‘rtada turadi.

Turn it off. — To‘g‘ri. Turn off it. — Xato!

O‘zbek tilida bunday tuzilma yo‘q, shuning uchun bu xato juda keng tarqalgan. Bu darsda aynan shu qoidani mustahkamlaymiz.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. Ajraladigan frazali fe’llar nima.
2. Ot bilan ikki xil tartib.
3. Olmosh bilan qat’iy qoida.
4. Eng ko‘p ishlatiladigan 25 ta ajraladigan fe’l.
5. Ajralmaydigan fe’llardan qanday farqlash.
6. Eng ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar.

Ot bilan: ikki xil tartib

To‘ldiruvchi ot bo‘lsa, uni fe’ldan keyin ham, ikki qism orasiga ham qo‘yish mumkin. Ma’no o‘zgarmaydi.

• Please turn off the light. / Please turn the light off.Iltimos, chiroqni o‘chiring.
• Can you pick up the children? / Can you pick the children up?Bolalarni olib kela olasizmi?
• Put on your coat. / Put your coat on.Paltongizni kiying.
• I gave back the book. / I gave the book back.Kitobni qaytarib berdim.
• She wrote down the address. / She wrote the address down.U manzilni yozib oldi.

Uzun to‘ldiruvchi

To‘ldiruvchi uzun bo‘lsa (ko‘p so‘zli), uni odatda oxiriga qo‘yamiz — gap tushunarliroq bo‘ladi:

• Turn off all the lights in the house before you leave.Ketishdan oldin uydagi hamma chiroqlarni o‘chiring.
• Could you pick up the parcel that arrived this morning?Bugun ertalab kelgan posilkani olib kela olasizmi?

Olmosh bilan: qat’iy qoida

To‘ldiruvchi olmosh bo‘lsa, u faqat o‘rtada turadi. Bu qoidadan istisno yo‘q.

• — Where’s my jacket? — I hung it up in the hall.— Kurtkam qayerda? — Uni dahlizga ilib qo‘ydim.
• This music is too loud. Turn it down, please.Bu musiqa juda baland. Iltimos, pasaytiring.
• I don’t know this word. I’ll look it up.Bu so‘zni bilmayman. Lug‘atdan qarab olaman.
• These shoes are too small. Can I try them on?Bu tufli juda kichik. Kiyib ko‘rsam bo‘ladimi?
• My sister is at the station. I have to pick her up.Singlim vokzalda. Uni olib kelishim kerak.

Suhbatda qanday ishlaydi

Odatda birinchi marta ot aytiladi, keyin uning o‘rniga olmosh keladi. Aynan shu payt xato ko‘p bo‘ladi:

• — Did you fill in the form? — Yes, I filled it in yesterday.— Anketani to‘ldirdingizmi? — Ha, kecha to‘ldirdim.
• — Can I borrow your charger? — Sure, but give it back later.— Quvvatlagichingizni olsam bo‘ladimi? — Albatta, lekin keyin qaytarib bering.
• — Shall I switch on the heater? — Yes, switch it on, it’s freezing.— Isitgichni yoqaymi? — Ha, yoq, muzlab ketyapmiz.

Eng ko‘p ishlatiladigan ajraladigan fe’llar

Diqqat: bir xil frazali fe’l bir nechta ma’noga ega bo‘lishi mumkin. turn down the music — musiqani pasaytirmoq, turn down an offer — taklifni rad etmoq.

Ajraladigan va ajralmaydigan

Hamma frazali fe’llar ajralmaydi. Ba’zilarida to‘ldiruvchi doim oxirida turadi, olmosh bo‘lsa ham:

• Look after the baby. → Look after her. (Look her after — xato)Chaqaloqqa qarab tur.
• I ran into an old friend. → I ran into him.Eski do‘stimni tasodifan uchratib qoldim.
• She gets on the bus. → She gets on it.U avtobusga chiqadi.
• Look for your keys. → Look for them.Kalitlaringizni qidiring.

Qanday ajratish mumkin? Aniq qoida yo‘q, lekin yordam beradigan ikki belgi bor:

1. Agar ikkinchi qism predlog kabi ishlasa (after, into, for, at, with) — odatda ajralmaydi.
2. Agar ikkinchi qism up, down, on, off, out, back, away bo‘lsa — ko‘pincha ajraladi.

Lug‘atlarda ajraladigan fe’llar ko‘pincha turn sth off shaklida yoziladi (sth — something). Ajralmaydiganlar look after sb shaklida beriladi.

Yana bir guruh — to‘ldiruvchisiz fe’llar: get up, sit down, go out, come back, break down. Ularga to‘ldiruvchi umuman qo‘shilmaydi: I got up at seven. The car broke down.

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. Fe’l ajraladimi? (up, off, on, out, back, away — ko‘pincha ha)
2. To‘ldiruvchi olmoshmi? → faqat o‘rtada: turn it off.
3. To‘ldiruvchi qisqa otmi? → ikkala tartib ham bo‘ladi.
4. To‘ldiruvchi uzunmi? → oxirida yaxshiroq.

Misol: “Bu so‘zni bilmayman — lug‘atdan qarayman.” (so‘z o‘rniga “it”)

1. look up — ajraladigan.
2. To‘ldiruvchi — olmosh it → o‘rtada.

Misol: “Shapkangni kiy, tashqarida sovuq.”

1. put on — ajraladigan, to‘ldiruvchi — ot.
2. Ikkala tartib ham to‘g‘ri.

Misol: “Bolalarga qarab tura olasizmi? — Ha, ularga qarab turaman.”

1. look after — ajralmaydigan.
2. Olmosh ham oxirida.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: olmosh — it, them, him, her, me, us — ajraladigan frazali fe’lning o‘rtasida: turn it off, pick her up, give them back.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Kiyim do‘konida

• — Excuse me, can I try this jacket on?— Kechirasiz, bu kurtkani kiyib ko‘rsam bo‘ladimi?
• — Of course. The changing rooms are over there.— Albatta. Kiyinish xonalari ana u yerda.
• — Hmm, it’s too big. Do you have a smaller one?— Hmm, juda katta ekan. Kichigi bormi?
• — Here you are. Try it on.— Marhamat. Kiyib ko‘ring.
• — Perfect! But if my wife doesn’t like it, can I bring it back?— Juda mos! Lekin xotinimga yoqmasa, qaytarib olib kelsam bo‘ladimi?
• — Yes, you can take it back within two weeks.— Ha, ikki hafta ichida qaytarishingiz mumkin.

Uyda ertalab

• — Can you wake me up at six tomorrow?— Ertaga meni oltida uyg‘otib qo‘ya olasanmi?
• — Sure. And please turn the TV off before you go to bed.— Albatta. Yotishdan oldin televizorni o‘chirib qo‘y.
• — OK. Where did you put my phone away?— Xo‘p. Telefonimni qayerga yig‘ishtirib qo‘yding?
• — It’s on the shelf. Pick it up yourself!— Javonda. O‘zing olib ol!

Kichik matn: “Yangi qo‘shnim”

Last week a new neighbour moved in next door. On the first day her music was very loud, so I knocked on her door and asked her to turn it down. She was very nice and turned it off at once. Later she asked me how to fill in a form for the electricity company, so I helped her fill it in. She wrote my phone number down and said, “I’ll call you back if I have any problems.” Then she gave me a cake, and I promised to give the plate back the next day.

Matnda har bir frazali fe’lni toping. Qaysi gaplarda olmosh o‘rtada turibdi? Qaysi gaplarda ot ikki qism orasida?

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. Chiroqni o‘chir. (it bilan) → Turn it off.
2. Seni soat beshda olib ketaman. → I’ll pick you up at five.
3. Bu poyabzalni kiyib ko‘rsam bo‘ladimi? (them bilan) → Can I try them on?
4. Kitobni ertaga qaytarib ber. → Give the book back tomorrow. / Give back the book tomorrow.
5. Bu so‘zni lug‘atdan qara. → Look this word up. / Look it up.
6. Eski gazetalarni tashlab yubor. (them bilan) → Throw them away.
7. Bolalarga qarab tura olasizmi? (them bilan) → Can you look after them?

Hammasi to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, mavzu bo‘yicha testni topshiring.

Qisqa xulosa

• Ajraladigan frazali fe’l: ikki qism orasiga to‘ldiruvchi kira oladi.
• Ot bilan ikki tartib: turn off the TV = turn the TV off.
• Olmosh bilan faqat bitta tartib: turn it off (turn off it — xato).
• Uzun to‘ldiruvchi odatda oxirida keladi.
• Ajralmaydiganlar: look after, look for, run into, get on — to‘ldiruvchi doim oxirida.
• Lug‘atda: turn sth off — ajraladi, look after sb — ajralmaydi.