As or Like? — as va like farqi: qoida va misollar

Oddiy qilib aytganda

as va like ikkalasi ham o‘zbekchada ko‘pincha “kabi”, “-dek”, “sifatida” deb tarjima qilinadi. Shuning uchun ular juda ko‘p chalkashtiriladi. Lekin ularning asosiy ma’nosi farq qiladi:

like = o‘xshash, lekin o‘sha narsa emas: He works like a horse. — U otdek ishlaydi. (U ot emas!)
as = haqiqatan o‘sha rolda, sifatida: He works as a teacher. — U o‘qituvchi bo‘lib ishlaydi. (U haqiqatan o‘qituvchi.)

Bu farqni bir juft gapda ko‘ring:

She speaks like a teacher. — U o‘qituvchidek gapiradi (lekin o‘qituvchi emas, shunchaki o‘xshaydi). She speaks as a teacher. — U o‘qituvchi sifatida gapiradi (u haqiqatan o‘qituvchi va shu nomdan gapiryapti).

Bundan tashqari, grammatik farq ham bor: like dan keyin odatda ot yoki olmosh keladi, as dan keyin esa to‘liq gap kelishi mumkin.

like + ot / olmosho‘xshash: She sings like an angel.

as + otrol, vazifa: I work as a nurse.

as + gap...gandek, ...ganidek: Do it as I told you.

as ... astenglik: He’s as tall as me.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

like — o‘xshashlik.
as — rol, kasb, vazifa.
as + gap va like + gap (so‘zlashuvda).
Muhim iboralar: as you know, as usual, such as.
look like, sound like va feel like.
Eng ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar.

like — o‘xshashlik

like dan keyin ot yoki olmosh (me, him, her, us, them) keladi. U “-dek, kabi, ...ga o‘xshab” degan ma’noni beradi.

She sings like an angel.U farishtadek kuylaydi.
He eats like a pig!U cho‘chqadek yeydi!
My brother is tall like my father.Akam otamdek baland bo‘yli.
Don’t talk to me like that!Men bilan bunday gaplashma!
I want a phone like yours.Menga siznikiga o‘xshagan telefon kerak.
It’s like a dream.Bu xuddi tushga o‘xshaydi.
People like him are rare.Unga o‘xshagan odamlar kam uchraydi.

like = misol uchun

like “masalan” ma’nosida ham ishlatiladi:

I love fruit like apples and peaches.Olma va shaftoli kabi mevalarni yaxshi ko‘raman.
Big cities like Tashkent are very busy.Toshkent kabi katta shaharlar juda gavjum.

Rasmiyroq uslubda bu ma’noda such as ishlatiladi: fruit such as apples and peaches.

as — rol, kasb, vazifa

as biror narsa haqiqatan qaysi rolda ekanini ko‘rsatadi. O‘zbekchada odatda “sifatida”, “bo‘lib” deb tarjima qilinadi.

I work as a waiter at weekends.Dam olish kunlari ofitsiant bo‘lib ishlayman.
As your friend, I must tell you the truth.Do‘sting sifatida senga haqiqatni aytishim kerak.
She used her scarf as a bag.U ro‘molini sumka sifatida ishlatdi.
He was known as a great writer.U buyuk yozuvchi sifatida tanilgan edi.
We use this room as an office.Bu xonani ofis sifatida ishlatamiz.
As a child, I lived in Samarkand.Bolaligimda Samarqandda yashaganman.

Oxirgi misolga qarang: as a child — “bola bo‘lganimda”, “bolaligimda”. Bu juda foydali ibora: as a student, as a teenager.

like va as — solishtiring

like (o‘xshash, lekin emas)	as (haqiqatan o‘sha)
He talks like a doctor. — Shifokordek gapiradi.	He works as a doctor. — Shifokor bo‘lib ishlaydi.
She treats me like a child. — Meni bolaga o‘xshatib munosabatda bo‘ladi.	As a child, I was shy. — Bolaligimda tortinchoq edim.
It looks like a box. — Qutiga o‘xshaydi.	I used it as a box. — Uni quti sifatida ishlatdim.

as + gap va like + gap

as dan keyin to‘liq gap (ega + fe’l) kelishi mumkin. U “...ganidek”, “...gandek” ma’nosini beradi.

Do it as I showed you.Men ko‘rsatganimdek qiling.
As I said before, the meeting is at ten.Avval aytganimdek, yig‘ilish soat o‘nda.
Everything went as we planned.Hammasi biz rejalashtirganimizdek bo‘ldi.
Leave the room as you found it.Xonani qanday topgan bo‘lsangiz, shunday qoldiring.

So‘zlashuvda, ayniqsa Amerika inglizchasida, bu ma’noda like ham ishlatiladi: Do it like I showed you. Bu norasmiy, lekin juda keng tarqalgan. Imtihon va rasmiy yozuvda as ni ishlating.

Muhim iboralar

Bu iboralarda faqat as ishlatiladi:

Ibora	Ma’nosi
as you know	bilganingizdek
as usual	odatdagidek
as I said	aytganimdek
as expected	kutilganidek
as follows	quyidagicha
such as	masalan, ...kabi
as well as	shuningdek, ...dan tashqari
the same as	...bilan bir xil
as soon as	...ishi bilanoq

As usual, he was late.Odatdagidek, u kechikdi.
As you know, prices have gone up.Bilganingizdek, narxlar oshdi.
She speaks French as well as English.U ingliz tilidan tashqari frantsuz tilida ham gapiradi.
My phone is the same as yours.Mening telefonim siznikiga o‘xshash (bir xil).

Diqqat: the same like — xato. Doim the same as: Your bag is the same as mine.

look like, sound like, feel like

look, sound, feel, taste, smell fe’llaridan keyin ot kelsa, like ishlatiladi:

You look like your mother.Onangizga o‘xshaysiz.
It sounds like a good idea.Yaxshi fikrga o‘xshaydi.
It feels like summer today.Bugun yozga o‘xshaydi.

feel like ning yana bir muhim ma’nosi — “...gisi kelmoq”: I feel like going for a walk. — Sayr qilgim kelyapti. I don’t feel like cooking. — Ovqat qilgim kelmayapti.

Bosqichma-bosqich

Haqiqatan o‘sha rolmi? (kasb, vazifa, sifatida) → as.
Faqat o‘xshashmi? (-dek, kabi) → like.
Keyin to‘liq gap keladimi? → rasmiy nutqda as.
Tayyor iboramisiz? (as usual, the same as, such as) → yodlanganini ishlating.

Misol: “U oshpaz bo‘lib ishlaydi.”

U haqiqatan oshpaz → as.

NatijaHe works as a cook.

Misol: “U oshpazdek ovqat qiladi.” (lekin oshpaz emas)

Faqat o‘xshashlik → like.

NatijaHe cooks like a chef.

Misol: “Bilganingizdek, ertaga dam olish kuni.”

Tayyor ibora → as you know.

NatijaAs you know, tomorrow is a holiday.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

✗ ~~I work like a teacher.~~

✓ I work as a teacher.

Haqiqiy kasb — as.

✗ ~~He runs as a rabbit.~~

✓ He runs like a rabbit.

O‘xshashlik — like.

✗ ~~Like you know, the shop is closed.~~

✓ As you know, the shop is closed.

as you know — tayyor ibora.

✗ ~~Like usual, she was late.~~

✓ As usual, she was late.

as usual.

✗ ~~My bag is the same like yours.~~

✓ My bag is the same as yours.

the same as.

✗ ~~She looks as her mother.~~

✓ She looks like her mother.

look like + ot.

✗ ~~Like a child, I was very shy.~~

✓ As a child, I was very shy.

as a child — bolaligimda.

✗ ~~He speaks English as a native. (u ona tilida so‘zlashuvchi emas)~~

✓ He speaks English like a native.

O‘xshashlik — like.

✗ ~~I feel like to sleep.~~

✓ I feel like sleeping.

feel like + -ing.

✗ ~~It sounds as a good plan.~~

✓ It sounds like a good plan.

sound like + ot.

Eslab qoling: like — o‘xshaydi, lekin emas (like a horse). as — haqiqatan shu rolda (as a doctor). Iboralar: as usual, as you know, the same as.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Yangi ish haqida

— So what do you do now?— Xo‘sh, hozir nima ish qilyapsan?
— I work as a manager in a hotel.— Mehmonxonada menejer bo‘lib ishlayman.
— Really? You always behaved like a boss at school!— Rostdanmi? Maktabda ham doim boshliqdek o‘zingni tutarding!
— Ha-ha! As a manager, I have to be strict sometimes.— Ha-ha! Menejer sifatida ba’zan qattiqqo‘l bo‘lishim kerak.
— And is the work the same as in your old job?— Ishing oldingi ishingdagidek bir xilmi?
— No, it’s completely different. It feels like a new life.— Yo‘q, butunlay boshqacha. Xuddi yangi hayotga o‘xshaydi.

Uyda

— Mum, why do I have to clean my room again?— Oyi, nega xonamni yana yig‘ishtirishim kerak?
— Because it looks like a battlefield!— Chunki u jang maydoniga o‘xshab ketgan!
— But I cleaned it yesterday, as you asked.— Lekin kecha so‘raganingizdek yig‘ishtirgandim-ku.
— And today, as usual, everything is on the floor again!— Bugun esa, odatdagidek, hamma narsa yana yerda!

Kichik matn: “Mening bobom”

My grandfather worked as a train driver for forty years. As a young man, he travelled all over the country. People say I look like him — we have the same nose and the same smile. He tells stories like a real writer, and he can still remember every station, as if it were yesterday. As you know, old people often repeat themselves, and my grandfather is the same as everyone else. But as usual, I listen to his stories with pleasure, because nobody tells them like he does.

Matndagi har bir as va like ni toping. Qaysi biri rolni, qaysi biri o‘xshashlikni, qaysi biri tayyor iborani bildiradi?

O‘zingizni tekshiring

U hamshira bo‘lib ishlaydi. → She works as a nurse.
U qushdek kuylaydi. → She sings like a bird.
Odatdagidek, avtobus kechikdi. → As usual, the bus was late.
Mening fikrim seniki bilan bir xil. → My opinion is the same as yours.
Bolaligimda futbol o‘ynashni yaxshi ko‘rardim. → As a child, I loved playing football.
Siz otangizga o‘xshaysiz. → You look like your father.
Men aytganimdek qiling. → Do it as I said.

Hammasi to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, mavzu bo‘yicha testni topshiring.

Qisqa xulosa

like + ot / olmosh — o‘xshashlik: He swims like a fish.
as + ot — haqiqiy rol, kasb, vazifa: She works as a lawyer.
as + gap — ...ganidek: as I said, as we planned.
Tayyor iboralar: as usual, as you know, as well as, such as, the same as.
look / sound / feel like + ot: It looks like rain.
feel like + -ing — “...gisi kelmoq”.
as a child — bolaligimda; like a child — boladek.