Negative Sentences
Inkor gaplar
Bu darsda
Oddiy qilib aytganda
O‘zbekchada inkor uchun fe’lga -ma qo‘shamiz: bormayman, bilmayman. Ot va sifat bilan esa emas deymiz: talaba emas. Inglizchada inkorning asosiy so‘zi — not. U yordamchi fe’ldan keyin keladi.
Qoida bitta: yordamchi fe’l + not. Yordamchi fe’l bo‘lmasa — do / does / did qo‘shamiz.
- I’m not a teacher.Men o‘qituvchi emasman.
- It isn’t expensive.Bu qimmat emas.
- She can’t drive.U mashina hayday olmaydi.
- We don’t live here.Biz bu yerda yashamaymiz.
Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:
- not ning gapdagi o‘rni.
- be, can, will bilan inkor.
- don’t, doesn’t, didn’t bilan inkor.
- To‘liq va qisqa shakllar.
- Ikki inkor qo‘yilmasligi.
- never, no, nothing — boshqa inkor so‘zlar.
be bilan inkor
| Bo‘lishli | Inkor (to‘liq) | Inkor (qisqa) |
|---|---|---|
| I am | I am not | I’m not |
| he / she / it is | he is not | he isn’t / he’s not |
| you / we / they are | they are not | they aren’t / they’re not |
- I am not hungry.Men och emasman.
- The bus isn’t here.Avtobus bu yerda emas.
- They aren’t at home.Ular uyda emas.
- There isn’t any milk.Sut yo‘q.
Modal fe’llar bilan
not to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri modal fe’ldan keyin qo‘shiladi:
- I can’t swim.Men suza olmayman.
- It won’t rain tomorrow.Ertaga yomg‘ir yog‘maydi.
- You mustn’t smoke here.Bu yerda chekish mumkin emas.
Boshqa fe’llar: do / does / did
Agar gapda be yoki modal bo‘lmasa — do not, does not, did not qo‘shiladi. Asosiy fe’l asosiy shaklda qoladi.
| Zamon | Inkor |
|---|---|
| Present (I, you, we, they) | I don’t work. |
| Present (he, she, it) | She doesn’t work. |
| Past (hamma) | They didn’t work. |
- I don’t understand.Tushunmayapman.
- He doesn’t like fish.U baliqni yoqtirmaydi.
- We didn’t see the film.Biz filmni ko‘rmadik.
Diqqat: I not like it. — xato. not hech qachon oddiy fe’l oldida yolg‘iz turmaydi.
Bitta inkor yetarli
O‘zbekchada “hech narsa bilmayman” — ikki inkor normal. Inglizchada gapda faqat bitta inkor bo‘ladi:
| Xato | To‘g‘ri |
|---|---|
| I don’t know nothing. | I don’t know anything. / I know nothing. |
| She doesn’t never eat meat. | She never eats meat. |
| We didn’t see nobody. | We didn’t see anybody. |
Boshqa inkor so‘zlar
Bu so‘zlar bilan don’t / doesn’t kerak emas — ularning o‘zi inkor.
O‘tgan va kelasi zamonda inkor
Inkor har bir zamonda yordamchi fe’l + not bilan yasaladi:
| Zamon | Bo‘lishli | Inkor |
|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | I work. | I don’t work. |
| Present Continuous | I’m working. | I’m not working. |
| Past Simple | I worked. | I didn’t work. |
| Past (be) | I was tired. | I wasn’t tired. |
| Present Perfect | I’ve finished. | I haven’t finished. |
| Future | I’ll go. | I won’t go. |
| going to | I’m going to go. | I’m not going to go. |
- She didn’t call me yesterday.U kecha menga qo‘ng‘iroq qilmadi.
- We weren’t at home.Biz uyda emas edik.
- I haven’t seen that film.Men u filmni ko‘rmaganman.
- They won’t come tomorrow.Ular ertaga kelishmaydi.
will not → won’t (willn’t — yo‘q!).
Buyruqning inkori: Don’t
Buyruq gapni inkor qilish uchun Don’t + fe’l:
- Don’t touch it!Unga tegma!
- Don’t be late.Kechikma.
- Don’t worry.Xavotir olma.
- Never give up!Hech qachon taslim bo‘lma!
Diqqat: Not touch it! yoki No touch! — xato. Doim Don’t.
not yoki no?
not — fe’l, sifat yoki ravishni inkor qiladi. no — ot oldidan keladi (= not any):
| not | no |
|---|---|
| I’m not hungry. | I have no money. (= I don’t have any money) |
| It’s not far. | There’s no milk. |
| Not now, please. | No problem! |
- There are no buses after midnight.Yarim tundan keyin avtobus yo‘q.
- I have no idea.Hech qanday tasavvurim yo‘q.
- He’s not a teacher.U o‘qituvchi emas.
I have not money — xato. I have no money yoki I don’t have any money.
Bosqichma-bosqich
- Yordamchi fe’lni toping (am, is, are, can, will...).
- Bor bo‘lsa — undan keyin not qo‘ying.
- Yo‘q bo‘lsa — don’t / doesn’t / didn’t qo‘shing va fe’lni asosiy shaklga qaytaring.
Misol: “She speaks French.” → inkor
- Yordamchi fe’l yo‘q. Ega she → doesn’t.
- speaks → speak.
Misol: “They are ready.” → inkor
- Yordamchi fe’l: are → aren’t.
Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar
Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar
✗ I not like coffee.
✓ I don’t like coffee.
not yolg‘iz kelmaydi.
✗ She don’t work.
✓ She doesn’t work.
she bilan doesn’t.
✗ He doesn’t likes it.
✓ He doesn’t like it.
doesn’t + asosiy shakl.
✗ I don’t am tired.
✓ I’m not tired.
be bilan do yo‘q.
✗ I amn’t ready.
✓ I’m not ready.
amn’t degan shakl yo‘q.
✗ I don’t know nothing.
✓ I don’t know anything.
Bitta inkor.
✗ She can’t to come.
✓ She can’t come.
can’t + fe’l, to yo‘q.
✗ We didn’t went.
✓ We didn’t go.
didn’t + asosiy shakl.
✗ I willn’t go.
✓ I won’t go.
will not → won’t.
✗ Not touch it!
✓ Don’t touch it!
Inkor buyruq — Don’t.
✗ I have not money.
✓ I have no money. / I don’t have any money.
Ot oldidan — no.
✗ She didn’t went home.
✓ She didn’t go home.
didn’t + 1-shakl.
✗ I amn’t ready.
✓ I’m not ready.
I’m not.
Eslab qoling: yordamchi fe’l + not. Yordamchi yo‘q bo‘lsa — don’t / doesn’t / didn’t. Gapda faqat bitta inkor.
Hayotiy vaziyatlarda
Mening do‘stim haqida
My friend Rustam is very different from me. I’m not a morning person, but he gets up at 5! He doesn’t eat sugar and he never drinks cola. I can’t cook, but he cooks very well. He doesn’t watch TV – he reads books. We aren’t similar at all, but we don’t argue. Opposites attract!
Mehmonxonada shikoyat
- — Excuse me, there’s a problem with my room.— Kechirasiz, xonamda muammo bor.
- — What’s wrong?— Nima bo‘ldi?
- — The air conditioner doesn’t work, and there are no towels.— Konditsioner ishlamayapti, sochiq ham yo‘q.
- — I’m sorry. Didn’t anyone check the room?— Kechirasiz. Hech kim xonani tekshirmadimi?
- — I don’t know. And the Wi-Fi isn’t working either.— Bilmayman. Wi-Fi ham ishlamayapti.
- — Don’t worry, we’ll fix everything. It won’t take long.— Xavotir olmang, hammasini tuzatamiz. Ko‘p vaqt olmaydi.
Kichik matn: “Omadsiz kun”
Yesterday was not my day. My alarm didn’t ring, so I didn’t wake up on time. There was no milk for breakfast, and the bus didn’t come. When I arrived at work, my boss said, “Don’t be late again!” I wasn’t happy. At lunch I couldn’t find my wallet — I had no money! In the evening I didn’t want to cook, so I didn’t eat. Today I hope things won’t be so bad.
Matndagi barcha inkor shakllarni toping. Qaysilari not, qaysilari no bilan yasalgan?
O‘zingizni tekshiring
- I ___ (not) like horror films. → don’t
- She ___ (not) at home now. → isn’t
- He ___ (not) play the piano. (can) → can’t
- We ___ (not) go to school yesterday. → didn’t
- Tuzating: He not speak English. → He doesn’t speak English.
- Tuzating: I don’t see nobody. → I don’t see anybody.
- U kecha kelmadi. → He didn’t come yesterday.
- Men ertaga bormayman. → I won’t go tomorrow.
- Xavotir olma! → Don’t worry!
- Mening pulim yo‘q. → I have no money.
Qisqa xulosa
- Inkor: yordamchi fe’l + not.
- be: am not, isn’t, aren’t.
- Modal: can’t, won’t, shouldn’t, mustn’t.
- Boshqa fe’llar: don’t / doesn’t / didn’t + asosiy shakl.
- amn’t degan shakl yo‘q — I’m not.
- Gapda bitta inkor: I don’t know anything.
- never, no, nothing, nobody — o‘zi inkor.