Future Time Clauses

Oddiy qilib aytganda

O‘zbekchada: “Uyga kelganimda qo‘ng‘iroq qilaman.” Inglizchada bu gapda ikki qism bor: asosiy gap (qo‘ng‘iroq qilaman) va payt ergash gapi (uyga kelganimda).

Muhim qoida: ma’no kelajak bo‘lsa ham, when, as soon as, before, after, until dan keyin will ishlatilmaydi — Present Simple ishlatiladi. will faqat asosiy gapda.

• I’ll call you when I arrive.Yetib borganimda qo‘ng‘iroq qilaman.
• As soon as she finishes, we’ll leave.U tugatishi bilanoq ketamiz.
• I’ll wash my hands before I eat.Ovqatlanishdan oldin qo‘limni yuvaman.
• Wait here until I come back.Men qaytib kelgunimcha shu yerda kuting.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. Payt ergash gaplarida Present Simple.
2. when, as soon as, before, after, until.
3. Asosiy gapda will, going to yoki buyruq.
4. Vergul qoidasi.
5. when va if farqi (qisqacha).
6. Present Perfect bilan: when I’ve finished.

Asosiy qoida

O‘zbekchada ham kelajak qo‘shimchasi yo‘q: “kelganimda”, “tugatishi bilan”. Shuning uchun bu qoidani eslab qolish oson.

Bog‘lovchilar

• When you see Ali, say hello from me.Alini ko‘rsangiz, mendan salom ayting.
• After I graduate, I’m going to work abroad.O‘qishni bitirganimdan keyin chet elda ishlamoqchiman.
• Don’t go out until the rain stops.Yomg‘ir to‘xtaguncha tashqariga chiqmang.

Asosiy gapda will emas, going to yoki buyruq ham bo‘lishi mumkin.

Vergul

Ergash gap boshida bo‘lsa — vergul qo‘yiladi:

when yoki if?

Ikkalasida ham Present Simple ishlatiladi (birinchi tur shart gap — B1 darsida).

Present Perfect bilan

Birinchi ish tugashi muhim bo‘lsa — Present Perfect:

• I’ll go out when I’ve finished my homework.Uy vazifamni tugatganimdan keyin chiqaman.
• As soon as you’ve read it, give it back.O‘qib bo‘lishingiz bilanoq qaytarib bering.

unless, in case, as long as

Payt bog‘lovchilaridan tashqari, shart bildiruvchi bog‘lovchilar ham kelajakda Present Simple talab qiladi:

• I won’t go unless you come with me.Sen men bilan bormasang, men bormayman.
• Take some money in case you need a taxi.Taksi kerak bo‘lib qolsa deb biroz pul ol.
• You can borrow my car as long as you drive carefully.Ehtiyot bo‘lib haydasang, mashinamni olishing mumkin.

in case va if farqi: Take an umbrella if it rains — yomg‘ir yog‘sa, ol; Take an umbrella in case it rains — yog‘ib qolishi mumkin, shuning uchun hozir ol.

Kelajakdagi ketma-ketlik

Bir nechta voqeani ketma-ket aytganda ham har bir bog‘lovchidan keyin Present Simple:

• When I finish school, before I start university, I’ll travel.Maktabni tugatgach, universitetga kirishdan oldin sayohat qilaman.
• As soon as the plane lands and I get my bags, I’ll call you.Samolyot qo‘nishi va sumkalarimni olishim bilan senga qo‘ng‘iroq qilaman.
• After we eat, while the children sleep, we’ll watch a film.Ovqatlangandan keyin, bolalar uxlayotganda, film ko‘ramiz.

Asosiy gapda boshqa shakllar

Asosiy gapda faqat will emas — buyruq, modal fe’l yoki going to ham kelishi mumkin:

• When you see him, tell him to call me.Uni ko‘rganingda, menga qo‘ng‘iroq qilsin deb ayt. (buyruq)
• If you finish early, you can go home.Erta tugatsang, uyga ketishing mumkin. (modal)
• As soon as I get paid, I’m going to buy a new phone.Maosh olishim bilan yangi telefon sotib olaman. (going to)
• Before you leave, don’t forget to lock the door.Ketishdan oldin eshikni qulflashni unutma. (inkor buyruq)

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. Ikki qismni ajrating: asosiy gap va when/as soon as/before... bilan boshlangan qism.
2. Ergash gapda — Present Simple (yoki Present Perfect).
3. Asosiy gapda — will / going to / buyruq.
4. Ergash gap boshida bo‘lsa — vergul.

Misol: “Ishni tugatishim bilanoq sizga yozaman.”

1. Ergash: tugatishim bilanoq → as soon as I finish.
2. Asosiy: yozaman → I’ll write.

Misol: “Men qaytgunimcha kuting.”

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: when, as soon as, before, after, until dan keyin — will yo‘q, Present Simple. will — faqat asosiy gapda.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Onaning ko‘rsatmalari

I’m going to the market. When your brother wakes up, give him breakfast. Don’t turn on the TV until you’ve done your homework. As soon as Dad gets home, tell him to call me. I’ll be back before it gets dark. After we have dinner, we’ll go to Grandma’s.

Ta’tilga ketishdan oldin

• — Before we leave, let’s check everything.— Ketishdan oldin hammasini tekshiraylik.
• — OK. Take some medicine in case someone gets ill.— Xo‘p. Kimdir kasal bo‘lib qolsa deb biroz dori ol.
• — Good idea. When we arrive, I’ll call your mum.— Yaxshi fikr. Yetib borganimizda oyingga qo‘ng‘iroq qilaman.
• — And as soon as we check in, let’s go to the beach!— Mehmonxonaga joylashishimiz bilan sohilga boraylik!
• — Only if it isn’t too hot.— Faqat juda issiq bo‘lmasa.
• — We’ll be fine as long as we wear sun cream.— Quyoshdan himoya kremini sursak, hammasi yaxshi bo‘ladi.

Kichik matn: “Kelajak rejalarim”

I’m in my last year at school, and I have big plans. When I finish my exams, I’ll take a long holiday. If I get good results, I’ll apply to a university in Tashkent. Before I start my studies, I want to work for a few months so that I can save some money. My parents say I can live with them as long as I help at home. As soon as I graduate, I’m going to look for a job abroad. But unless I work hard now, none of this will happen!

Matndagi barcha bog‘lovchilarni toping. Ulardan keyin qaysi zamon kelgan va asosiy gapda nima ishlatilgan?

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. I’ll text you when I ___ (arrive). → arrive
2. As soon as the film ___ (end), we’ll go home. → ends
3. Wait until I ___ (come) back. → come
4. She ___ (call) you after she ___ (finish) work. → ’ll call / finishes
5. Tuzating: Before I will go, I’ll lock the door. → Before I go, I’ll lock the door.
6. Sen men bilan bormasang, men bormayman. → I won’t go unless you come with me.
7. Yomg‘ir yog‘ib qolsa deb soyabon ol. → Take an umbrella in case it rains.
8. Uni ko‘rganingda, menga qo‘ng‘iroq qilsin deb ayt. → When you see him, tell him to call me.
9. Ehtiyot bo‘lsang, borishing mumkin. → You can go as long as you are careful.

Qisqa xulosa

• when, as soon as, before, after, until + Present Simple (kelajak ma’nosida).
• will — faqat asosiy gapda.
• Asosiy gapda: will, going to yoki buyruq.
• Ergash gap boshida bo‘lsa — vergul.
• when — albatta; if — ehtimol.
• Tugash muhim bo‘lsa — Present Perfect: when I’ve finished.