Exclamations
Undov gaplar
Bu darsda
Oddiy qilib aytganda
Undov gaplar kuchli his-tuyg‘ularni ifodalaydi: hayrat, quvonch, g‘azab, hayajon. O‘zbekchada biz “Qanday chiroyli!”, “Naqadar yaxshi odam!”, “Voy, qanday kun!” deymiz. Ingliz tilida buning uchun asosan ikkita so‘z ishlatiladi:
- What — ot bilan: What a beautiful day! — Qanday ajoyib kun!
- How — sifat yoki ravish bilan: How beautiful! — Qanday chiroyli!
Shuningdek, so va such ham undov ma’nosini kuchaytiradi: It’s so cold! He’s such a nice man!
Eng ko‘p uchraydigan xato — what va how ni aralashtirish va a / an ni unutish: What beautiful day! — xato. To‘g‘risi: What a beautiful day!
Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:
- What a / an + ot — birlikdagi sanaladigan otlar bilan.
- What + ko‘plik va sanalmaydigan otlar.
- How + sifat yoki ravish.
- Undovdan keyin to‘liq gap: What a big house you have!
- so va such — ma’no kuchaytirish.
- Qisqa undovlar va inkor-savol shaklidagi undovlar.
What + a / an + ot
Sanaladigan birlikdagi ot bilan What a / an ishlatiladi. Bu yerda artikl majburiy.
- What a surprise!Qanday kutilmagan voqea!
- What a beautiful dress!Qanday chiroyli ko‘ylak!
- What an amazing view!Qanday ajoyib manzara!
- What a pity!Qanday afsus!
- What a nice man!Qanday yoqimli odam!
- What an idea!Qanday fikr!
- What a mess!Qanday tartibsizlik!
an — unli tovush bilan boshlanadigan so‘zdan oldin: What an interesting story! What an awful day!
Diqqat: o‘zbek tilida “bir” so‘zi aytilmaydi, shuning uchun a tushib qoladi. Lekin inglizchada What day! — xato, What a day! — to‘g‘ri.
What + ko‘plik yoki sanalmaydigan ot
Ko‘plikdagi ot yoki sanalmaydigan ot (weather, music, food, advice, news) bilan a / an ishlatilmaydi:
- What beautiful flowers!Qanday chiroyli gullar!
- What lovely children!Qanday yoqimli bolalar!
- What nice weather!Qanday yaxshi ob-havo!
- What delicious food!Qanday mazali ovqat!
- What terrible news!Qanday dahshatli xabar!
- What good luck!Qanday omad!
Diqqat: weather, news, advice, luck, music, information sanalmaydi: What a nice weather! — xato.
| Ot turi | Tuzilma | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| birlik, sanaladigan | What a / an + ... | What a nice car! |
| ko‘plik | What + ... | What nice cars! |
| sanalmaydigan | What + ... | What nice weather! |
How + sifat yoki ravish
How dan keyin ot kelmaydi — faqat sifat yoki ravish.
- How beautiful!Qanday chiroyli!
- How kind of you!Siz qanday mehribonsiz!
- How interesting!Qanday qiziq!
- How strange!Qanday g‘alati!
- How quickly the time goes!Vaqt qanday tez o‘tadi!
- How well she sings!U qanday yaxshi kuylaydi!
What yoki How?
Bir xil ma’noni ikki yo‘l bilan aytish mumkin — faqat tuzilma o‘zgaradi:
- What a beautiful house! = How beautiful the house is!Qanday chiroyli uy!
- What kind people! = How kind they are!Qanday mehribon odamlar!
- What a fast runner he is! = How fast he runs!U qanday tez yuguradi!
Qoida: keyin ot bo‘lsa — What, faqat sifat / ravish bo‘lsa — How.
Undovdan keyin to‘liq gap
Undovga ega va fe’l qo‘shilishi mumkin. Bunda so‘z tartibi savoldagidek emas, oddiy darak gapdagidek bo‘ladi: ega + fe’l.
- What a lovely voice she has!Uning qanday yoqimli ovozi bor!
- What a stupid mistake I made!Qanday ahmoqona xato qildim!
- How tired you look!Qanchalik charchagan ko‘rinasiz!
- How fast the children grow!Bolalar qanday tez o‘sadi!
- How lucky we are!Biz qanchalik omadlimiz!
Diqqat: How tall is he! — bu savol tartibi, undovda xato. To‘g‘risi: How tall he is!
so va such
so va such gapga kuchli his-tuyg‘u qo‘shadi. Ularning farqi what va how farqiga o‘xshaydi:
- so + sifat / ravish (ot yo‘q): It’s so hot!
- such + (a / an) + (sifat) + ot: It’s such a hot day!
- This cake is so delicious!Bu tort shunchalik mazali!
- You speak English so well!Ingliz tilida shunchalik yaxshi gapirasiz!
- She’s such a good teacher!U shunday yaxshi o‘qituvchi!
- They’re such nice people!Ular shunday yoqimli odamlar!
- It was such terrible weather!Shunday dahshatli ob-havo edi!
- I’m so happy for you!Sen uchun juda xursandman!
| so | such |
|---|---|
| The film was so good. | It was such a good film. |
| The weather is so nice. | It’s such nice weather. |
| They are so kind. | They are such kind people. |
Diqqat: such dan keyin birlikdagi sanaladigan ot bo‘lsa — a / an kerak: such a nice day (such nice day — xato). so dan keyin ot kelmaydi: so nice day — xato.
Qisqa undovlar va boshqa shakllar
Kundalik nutqda juda ko‘p ishlatiladigan qisqa undovlar:
| Undov | Ma’nosi |
|---|---|
| What a shame! / What a pity! | Qanday afsus! |
| What a relief! | Xayriyat! |
| What a surprise! | Qanday kutilmagan! |
| How lovely! | Qanday yoqimli! |
| How awful! | Qanday dahshat! |
| How rude! | Qanday qo‘pollik! |
| Wow! / Oh no! / Great! | Voy! / Yo‘g‘-e! / Zo‘r! |
Inkor savol shaklidagi undovlar
So‘zlashuvda undov ko‘pincha inkor savol shaklida keladi. Bu aslida savol emas, his-tuyg‘u:
- Isn’t it beautiful!Qanday chiroyli-a!
- Wasn’t that a great match!Qanday zo‘r o‘yin bo‘ldi-ya!
- Don’t you look smart!Naqadar chiroyli ko‘rinyapsiz!
Bosqichma-bosqich
- Keyin ot bormi?
- Ha, birlikdagi sanaladigan → What a / an + (sifat) + ot.
- Ha, ko‘plik yoki sanalmaydigan → What + (sifat) + ot.
- Yo‘q, faqat sifat / ravish → How + sifat / ravish.
- Ega va fe’l qo‘shiladimi? → oxirida ega + fe’l (savol tartibi emas).
- Oddiy gapda kuchaytirish kerakmi? → so + sifat yoki such (a) + sifat + ot.
Misol: “Qanday mazali osh!”
- osh (plov) — sanalmaydigan ot → What + sifat + ot (a yo‘q).
Misol: “U qanday aqlli bola!”
- bola — birlikdagi sanaladigan → What a.
- Ega va fe’l qo‘shiladi → he is.
Misol: “Bugun shunday sovuq!”
- Faqat sifat, oddiy gap → so.
Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar
Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar
✗ What beautiful day!
✓ What a beautiful day!
Birlikdagi ot — a kerak.
✗ What a nice weather!
✓ What nice weather!
weather sanalmaydi.
✗ How beautiful day!
✓ What a beautiful day! / How beautiful!
Ot bilan — What.
✗ How tall is he!
✓ How tall he is!
Undovda savol tartibi emas.
✗ What a beautiful flowers!
✓ What beautiful flowers!
Ko‘plikda a yo‘q.
✗ She is so nice girl.
✓ She is such a nice girl.
Ot bilan — such a.
✗ It was such good.
✓ It was so good.
Otsiz — so.
✗ He’s such kind man.
✓ He’s such a kind man.
such + a + sifat + ot.
✗ What an interesting news!
✓ What interesting news!
news sanalmaydi.
✗ What a lovely voice has she!
✓ What a lovely voice she has!
Ega + fe’l tartibi.
Eslab qoling: What a + birlik ot (What a day!); What + ko‘plik / sanalmaydigan (What weather!); How + sifat (How nice!); so + sifat, such a + sifat + ot.
Hayotiy vaziyatlarda
Tug‘ilgan kunda
- — Happy birthday! This is for you.— Tug‘ilgan kuning bilan! Bu senga.
- — Oh, what a lovely present! How kind of you!— Voy, qanday yoqimli sovg‘a! Naqadar mehribonsan!
- — Open it!— Och!
- — A watch! What a surprise! It’s so beautiful!— Soat! Qanday kutilmagan! Juda chiroyli ekan!
- — I’m glad you like it.— Yoqqanidan xursandman.
- — You’re such a good friend!— Sen shunday yaxshi do‘stsan!
Yomon xabar
- — I didn’t get the job.— Ishga qabul qilishmadi.
- — Oh no! What a shame!— Yo‘g‘-e! Qanday afsus!
- — And my car broke down on the way home.— Yana uyga qaytayotganimda mashinam buzilib qoldi.
- — How awful! What a terrible day you’ve had!— Qanday dahshat! Naqadar yomon kun o‘tkazibsan!
Kichik matn: “Samarqandga sayohat”
Last month we visited Samarkand for the first time. What an amazing city! When we saw the Registan, my mother said, “How beautiful it is!” The tiles were so colourful, and the domes were such a bright blue. We stayed in such a friendly guest house, and the owner cooked plov for us — what delicious food! On the last day it rained, but we didn’t care. What a wonderful trip it was!
Matndagi undovlarni toping. Qaysilarida What a, qaysilarida What (a siz), qaysilarida How, so yoki such ishlatilgan va nima uchun?
O‘zingizni tekshiring
- Qanday ajoyib kun! → What a wonderful day!
- Qanday yaxshi ob-havo! → What nice weather!
- Qanday qiziq! → How interesting!
- U qanday baland bo‘yli! → How tall he is!
- Ular shunday yoqimli odamlar! → They’re such nice people!
- Bu film juda qiziq edi! → This film was so interesting!
- Qanday afsus! → What a pity!
Hammasi to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, mavzu bo‘yicha testni topshiring.
Qisqa xulosa
- What a / an + (sifat) + birlikdagi sanaladigan ot: What a nice day!
- What + (sifat) + ko‘plik yoki sanalmaydigan ot: What lovely flowers! What bad weather!
- How + sifat / ravish: How beautiful! How fast!
- Undovga ega + fe’l qo‘shilsa — darak gap tartibi: How tall he is!
- so + sifat / ravish: so cold; such (a) + sifat + ot: such a cold day.
- Qisqa undovlar: What a pity! What a relief! How awful!