Anticipatory it — Oldindan kelgan it

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Ingliz tilida uzun ega yoki to‘ldiruvchini gap boshida qo‘yish noqulay va og‘ir eshitiladi:

To learn a new language in six months is difficult. — Yangi tilni olti oyda o‘rganish qiyin. (to‘g‘ri, lekin og‘ir)

Shuning uchun ingliz tili bunday gaplarni boshqacha tuzadi: gap boshiga it qo‘yiladi, haqiqiy ega esa oxiriga suriladi:

It is difficult to learn a new language in six months. — Yangi tilni olti oyda o‘rganish qiyin.

Bu it — “oldindan kelgan it” (anticipatory / preparatory it). U hech narsani anglatmaydi, faqat o‘rin egallab turadi va keyin keladigan haqiqiy ma’noga ishora qiladi.

O‘zbek tilida bunday so‘z yo‘q: biz shunchaki Til o‘rganish qiyin deymiz. Lekin ingliz tilida ega majburiy va uzun qismlar oxirida turishni yaxshi ko‘radi. Shuning uchun it — juda ko‘p ishlatiladigan va tabiiy tuzilma.

Ega sifatidaIt is + sifat / ot + to + fe’l / that + gap / -ing

To‘ldiruvchi sifatidaega + find / make / consider + it + sifat + to / that

Tayyor iboralarIt’s no use / no good + -ing; It occurred to me that...

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

It is + sifat + to + fe’l: It’s hard to say.
It is + sifat + that + gap: It’s strange that...
It is + sifat + of / for + odam: It’s kind of you.
It’s no use / no good / worth + -ing.
To‘ldiruvchi it: I find it hard to... I made it clear that...
Fe’llar bilan: It seems that, It occurred to me, It turns out, It takes.

It is + sifat + to + fe’l

Eng ko‘p uchraydigan tuzilma. it gap boshida, haqiqiy ega — to + fe’l — oxirida.

It’s difficult to learn Chinese.Xitoy tilini o‘rganish qiyin.
It’s important to drink enough water.Yetarlicha suv ichish muhim.
It was impossible to sleep because of the noise.Shovqin tufayli uxlab bo‘lmasdi.
It’s a good idea to book in advance.Oldindan band qilish yaxshi fikr.
It isn’t easy to say goodbye.Xayrlashish oson emas.
It’s nice to meet you.Siz bilan tanishganimdan xursandman.

It is + sifat + that + gap

Haqiqiy ega to‘liq gap bo‘lsa, that bilan keladi:

It’s strange that he didn’t call.Uning qo‘ng‘iroq qilmagani g‘alati.
It’s clear that we need more time.Bizga ko‘proq vaqt kerakligi aniq.
It’s a pity that you can’t come.Kela olmasligingiz afsus.
It is essential that everyone arrives on time.Hammaning o‘z vaqtida kelishi juda muhim.
It’s possible that the flight will be delayed.Parvoz kechikishi mumkin.
It’s no surprise that she won.Uning yutgani ajablanarli emas.

Diqqat: essential, important, vital, necessary kabi sifatlardan keyin rasmiy uslubda subjunctive yoki should ham ishlatiladi: It is essential that he be / should be present. Batafsil — “Subjunctive” darsida.

It is + V3 + that (majhul)

Rasmiy va ilmiy matnlarda it + majhul fe’l + that juda ko‘p:

It is said that the castle is haunted.Aytishlaricha, qal’ada arvoh bor.
It is believed that the city was founded 2,500 years ago.Shahar 2500 yil oldin barpo etilgan deb hisoblanadi.
It has been reported that prices will rise.Narxlar oshishi xabar qilindi.
It is expected that the new law will help.Yangi qonun yordam berishi kutilmoqda.

It is + sifat + of / for + odam

Odam haqida gapirganda ikki xil predlog ishlatiladi, ma’nosi farq qiladi:

of + odam	for + odam
Odamning xarakteri haqida	Odam uchun vaziyat haqida
It’s kind of you* to help.* — Yordam berganingiz siz tomonidan mehribonlik.	It’s hard for me* to wake up early.* — Men uchun erta turish qiyin.
kind, nice, clever, stupid, rude, generous, careless	easy, hard, difficult, important, necessary, possible

It was kind of you to send flowers.Gul yuborganingiz juda mehribonlik bo‘ldi.
It was stupid of me to forget my keys.Kalitlarimni unutganim ahmoqlik bo‘ldi.
It’s very generous of your parents to pay for the trip.Ota-onangizning sayohat uchun to‘lashlari juda saxiylik.
It’s difficult for me to understand his accent.Uning talaffuzini tushunish men uchun qiyin.
It’s important for children to play outside.Bolalar uchun tashqarida o‘ynash muhim.
Is it possible for you to come earlier?Ertaroq kelishingiz mumkinmi?

Qoida: sifat odamni tasvirlaydi (u mehribon, ahmoq) → of; sifat vaziyatni tasvirlaydi (bu qiyin, muhim) → for.

It’s no use / no good / worth + -ing

Ba’zi iboralardan keyin -ing keladi:

Ibora	Ma’nosi	Misol
It’s no use + -ing	...ning foydasi yo‘q	It’s no use crying.
It’s no good + -ing	...ning foydasi yo‘q	It’s no good complaining.
It’s (not) worth + -ing	...ga arziydi / arzimaydi	It’s worth visiting.
There’s no point (in) + -ing	...ning ma’nosi yo‘q	There’s no point waiting.

It’s no use crying over spilt milk.To‘kilgan sut uchun yig‘lashdan foyda yo‘q. (maqol)
It’s no good talking to him — he never listens.U bilan gaplashishdan foyda yo‘q — hech qachon tinglamaydi.
The museum is worth visiting. / It’s worth visiting the museum.Muzeyga borishga arziydi.
It isn’t worth repairing this old phone.Bu eski telefonni tuzatishga arzimaydi.

To‘ldiruvchi sifatida it

it faqat ega emas, to‘ldiruvchi o‘rnida ham keladi. Bu ayniqsa find, make, consider, think, believe fe’llari bilan:

ega + find / make / consider + it + sifat + to + fe’l / that + gap

I find it hard to concentrate in the morning.Ertalab diqqatni jamlash men uchun qiyin.
She finds it easy to make friends.U uchun do‘st orttirish oson.
The noise made it impossible to sleep.Shovqin uxlashni imkonsiz qildi.
I made it clear that I wasn’t interested.Qiziqmasligimni aniq aytdim.
We consider it important to help others.Boshqalarga yordam berishni muhim deb hisoblaymiz.
I take it (that) you’re not coming?Tushunishimcha, siz kelmaysiz?

Diqqat: I find hard to concentrate — xato! it tushib qolmasligi kerak: I find it hard to concentrate.

Tayyor iboralar

I can’t stand it when people are late.Odamlar kechikkanda chiday olmayman.
I hate it when it rains at weekends.Dam olish kunlari yomg‘ir yog‘ishini yomon ko‘raman.
I’d appreciate it if you could reply soon.Tez orada javob bersangiz, minnatdor bo‘lardim. (rasmiy)
I owe it to my parents to finish university.Universitetni tugatish — ota-onam oldidagi burchim.

Fe’llar bilan it

Ba’zi fe’llar deyarli doim it + that bilan keladi:

It seems that nobody knows the answer.Hech kim javobni bilmasa kerak.
It appears that the plane is late.Samolyot kechikayotganga o‘xshaydi.
It turns out that he was right.Ma’lum bo‘lishicha, u haq ekan.
It occurred to me that I had left the oven on.Duxovkani yoqib qoldirganim esimga tushdi.
It doesn’t matter what you think.Nima deb o‘ylashingiz muhim emas.
It takes two hours to get there.U yerga borishga ikki soat ketadi.
It struck me that she looked unhappy.Uning baxtsiz ko‘rinayotgani e’tiborimni tortdi.

Bosqichma-bosqich

Gapning egasi uzun to + fe’l yoki that + gapmi? → It + be + sifat + to / that ...
Odam haqida? Xarakter → of + odam; vaziyat → for + odam.
find / make / consider bilan → it ni unutmang: I find it hard to...
Foydasizlik yoki arzish haqida? → It’s no use / worth + -ing.
Rasmiy fikr yoki xabar? → It is said / believed / reported that...

Misol: “Har kuni mashq qilish muhim.”

Ega uzun (har kuni mashq qilish) → It is important to.

NatijaIt’s important to exercise every day.

Misol: “Mening ismimni eslab qolganingiz juda mehribonlik.”

Odam xarakteri → of you.

NatijaIt’s very kind of you to remember my name.

Misol: “Men uchun ingliz tilida yozish qiyin.” (find bilan)

find + it + sifat + to.

NatijaI find it difficult to write in English.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

✗ ~~Is difficult to learn Chinese.~~

✓ It is difficult to learn Chinese.

Ega it majburiy.

✗ ~~I find hard to concentrate.~~

✓ I find it hard to concentrate.

find + it.

✗ ~~It’s kind for you to help.~~

✓ It’s kind of you to help.

Xarakter — of.

✗ ~~It’s difficult of me to understand.~~

✓ It’s difficult for me to understand.

Vaziyat — for.

✗ ~~It’s no use to cry.~~

✓ It’s no use crying.

no use + -ing.

✗ ~~It’s worth to visit the museum.~~

✓ It’s worth visiting the museum.

worth + -ing.

✗ ~~It made impossible to sleep.~~

✓ It made it impossible to sleep.

make + it.

✗ ~~This is strange that he didn’t call.~~

✓ It’s strange that he didn’t call.

this emas — it.

✗ ~~It is said the castle is haunted that.~~

✓ It is said that the castle is haunted.

that — ma’lumotdan oldin.

✗ ~~I made clear that I disagreed.~~

✓ I made it clear that I disagreed.

make it clear.

Eslab qoling: It’s hard to..., It’s strange that..., It’s kind of you, It’s hard for me, It’s no use + -ing, I find it hard to..., It is said that... — it tushib qolmasin!

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Til o‘rganish haqida

— How’s your Japanese going?— Yapon tiling qalay?
— Slowly. I find it really hard to remember the characters.— Sekin. Ieroglif belgilarni eslab qolish men uchun juda qiyin.
— It’s no use trying to learn them all at once.— Hammasini birdaniga o‘rganishga urinishdan foyda yo‘q.
— I know. It’s important to practise a little every day.— Bilaman. Har kuni ozgina mashq qilish muhim.
— Exactly. And it’s worth watching anime with subtitles!— Aynan. Subtitrli anime ko‘rishga ham arziydi!

Rasmiy xatda

Dear Ms Rahimova,Hurmatli Rahimova xonim,
It was very kind of you to send me the information.Ma’lumotni yuborganingiz juda mehribonlik bo‘ldi.
It appears that there has been a mistake with my order.Buyurtmamda xatolik bo‘lganga o‘xshaydi.
I would appreciate it if you could check it as soon as possible.Uni imkon qadar tezroq tekshirsangiz, minnatdor bo‘lardim.
It is essential that I receive the goods by Friday.Mahsulotlarni jumagacha olishim juda muhim.

Kichik matn: “Yangi shaharda birinchi oy”

When I moved to Seoul, it was difficult to adapt at first. I found it hard to read the signs, and it took me weeks to understand the metro system. It seemed that everyone was in a hurry. One day it occurred to me that I needed to make some friends. It wasn’t easy, but it was worth trying. A colleague invited me to dinner — it was so kind of her. Now I find it much easier to live here. It’s strange that I was so worried at the beginning!

Matndagi har bir it ni toping. Ularning qaysilari ega, qaysilari to‘ldiruvchi o‘rnida kelgan?

O‘zingizni tekshiring

Bu tog‘ga chiqish qiyin. → It’s difficult to climb this mountain.
Uning kelmagani g‘alati. → It’s strange that he didn’t come.
Yordam berganingiz juda mehribonlik. → It’s very kind of you to help.
Men uchun erta turish qiyin. → It’s hard for me to get up early.
Yig‘lashdan foyda yo‘q. → It’s no use crying.
Men ertalab ishlashni qiyin deb bilaman. → I find it hard to work in the morning.
Aytishlaricha, u juda boy. → It is said that he is very rich.
Ma’lum bo‘lishicha, u haq ekan. → It turns out that she was right.

Hammasi to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, mavzu bo‘yicha testni topshiring.

Qisqa xulosa

It — uzun egani gap oxiriga surish uchun “o‘rinbosar”.
It is + sifat + to + fe’l: It’s hard to say.
It is + sifat + that + gap: It’s clear that...
Majhul: It is said / believed / reported that...
of + odam (xarakter): kind of you; for + odam (vaziyat): hard for me.
It’s no use / no good / worth + -ing.
To‘ldiruvchi it: find / make / consider it + sifat + to / that.
Fe’llar: It seems / appears / turns out / occurred to me that...