Word Order: Place and Time

Oddiy qilib aytganda

O‘zbekchada vaqt va joy odatda fe’ldan oldin keladi: Men har kuni maktabga boraman. Inglizchada esa ular oxirida turadi va tartibi qat’iy: avval joy, keyin vaqt.

• We met in Tashkent in 2020.Biz 2020-yilda Toshkentda tanishganmiz.
• I’ll see you at the café at 6.Soat 6 da kafeda ko‘rishamiz.
• He works in a bank from Monday to Friday.U dushanbadan jumagacha bankda ishlaydi.
• They arrived home late.Ular uyga kech kelishdi.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. Joy — vaqtdan oldin.
2. Vaqtni gap boshiga chiqarish.
3. Fe’l va to‘ldiruvchi orasiga hech narsa qo‘yilmaydi.
4. Takror ravishlarining o‘rni (always, often).
5. Tarz ravishlari (slowly, well) — gap oxirida.
6. Bir nechta vaqt so‘zi: kichikdan kattaga.

Joy, keyin vaqt

Eslab qolish usuli: Qayerda → Qachon (alifbo tartibida Place → Time).

Vaqtni boshiga chiqarish

Vaqtga urg‘u berish yoki gap uzun bo‘lsa, vaqt gap boshiga chiqishi mumkin:

• Yesterday I met an old friend in the park.Kecha bog‘da eski do‘stimni uchratdim.
• Every summer we go to the mountains.Har yozi tog‘ga boramiz.
• At the weekend, I usually stay at home.Dam olish kunlari odatda uyda bo‘laman.

Joy esa odatda boshiga chiqmaydi (faqat adabiy uslubda).

Fe’l va to‘ldiruvchi — ajralmas

Inglizchada fe’l va uning to‘ldiruvchisi (kim/nimani) orasiga vaqt, joy, ravish qo‘yilmaydi:

Takror ravishlari

always, usually, often, sometimes, never — gap o‘rtasida:

sometimes va usually boshida ham kelishi mumkin: Sometimes I walk to work.

Tarz ravishlari

slowly, quickly, well, carefully — odatda fe’l (va to‘ldiruvchi)dan keyin, joy va vaqtdan oldin:

Bir nechta vaqt so‘zi

Bir nechta vaqt bo‘lsa — kichikdan kattaga:

• I was born at 5 a.m. on Monday in May in 2001.2001-yil may oyida dushanba kuni soat 5 da tug‘ilganman.
• See you at 10 tomorrow.Ertaga soat 10 da ko‘rishamiz.

Bir nechta joy so‘zi

Bir gapda bir nechta joy so‘zi bo‘lsa, kichikroq joy oldin, kattaroq joy keyin keladi:

• She works at a bank in the city centre.U shahar markazidagi bankda ishlaydi.
• We stayed at a hotel near the sea in Antalya.Antalyada, dengiz yaqinidagi mehmonxonada qoldik.
• The keys are on the table in the kitchen.Kalitlar oshxonadagi stol ustida.

O‘zbek tilida tartib teskari: Toshkentda, Chilonzorda, kichik kvartirada yashayman — kattadan kichikka. Ingliz tilida esa kichikdan kattaga.

Tarz, joy, vaqt — to‘liq tartib

Gapda tarz (qanday?), joy (qayerda?) va vaqt (qachon?) bo‘lsa, odatdagi tartib:

• She sang beautifully at the concert last night.U kecha kechqurun konsertda ajoyib kuyladi.
• He worked hard in the garden all day.U kun bo‘yi bog‘da qattiq ishladi.
• We waited patiently outside for an hour.Biz bir soat tashqarida sabr bilan kutdik.

Harakat fe’llari (go, come, walk, drive) bilan esa joy ko‘pincha tarzdan oldin:

• She went home quickly.U uyga tez ketdi.
• They drove to the airport carefully.Ular aeroportga ehtiyotkorlik bilan haydashdi.

Uzun vaqt ifodalari gap boshida

Gap juda uzun bo‘lsa yoki vaqtga urg‘u berish kerak bo‘lsa, vaqt ifodasi gap boshiga chiqadi:

• Every summer, my family visits our relatives in Fergana.Har yozda oilam Farg‘onadagi qarindoshlarimiznikiga boradi.
• On Saturday morning, we’re going to the market.Shanba kuni ertalab bozorga boramiz.
• After the lesson, the students went to the canteen.Darsdan keyin talabalar oshxonaga ketishdi.

Boshida kelganda odatda vergul qo‘yiladi (qisqa ifodalar bilan shart emas).

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. Ega + Fe’l — boshida.
2. To‘ldiruvchi — fe’ldan keyin, orasiga hech narsa yo‘q.
3. Tarz (qanday?) → Joy (qayerda?) → Vaqt (qachon?).
4. Vaqt boshiga chiqishi mumkin.

Misol: “Men kecha kutubxonada ikki soat o‘qidim.”

1. Ega + fe’l: I studied.
2. Joy: in the library. Vaqt: for two hours yesterday.

Misol: “U inglizchani juda yaxshi gapiradi.”

1. Fe’l + to‘ldiruvchi: speaks English. Tarz: very well.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: Ega + Fe’l + To‘ldiruvchi + Qanday + Qayerda + Qachon. Fe’l va to‘ldiruvchini ajratmang.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Kundalik hayot

I usually get up at 6:30. I have breakfast at home and go to university by bus. I study very hard in the library in the afternoon. On Fridays I play football with my friends in the park. I never go to bed before midnight – that’s my problem!

Yangi hamkasbga

• — Where do you work?— Qayerda ishlaysiz?
• — I work at a school in Yunusabad.— Yunusoboddagi maktabda ishlayman.
• — How do you get there?— U yerga qanday borasiz?
• — I go by metro every morning. It takes about twenty minutes.— Har tong metroda boraman. Taxminan yigirma daqiqa ketadi.
• — And what do you do after work?— Ishdan keyin nima qilasiz?
• — On Mondays and Wednesdays, I go to the gym near my house.— Dushanba va chorshanba kunlari uyim yaqinidagi sport zaliga boraman.

Kichik matn: “Mening shanbam”

Every Saturday, I wake up late. I have breakfast slowly in the kitchen at about ten. Then I go to the market near our house with my mother. We buy vegetables and fruit there. In the afternoon, I meet my friends at a café in the city centre. We talk happily for hours. In the evening, I watch a film at home with my family. I usually go to bed early because on Sunday I help my grandmother in her garden.

Matndagi tarz, joy va vaqt so‘zlarini toping va ularning tartibiga e’tibor bering.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. Tartiblang: at 7 / I / have breakfast / every morning → I have breakfast at 7 every morning.
2. Tartiblang: to the cinema / we / last night / went → We went to the cinema last night.
3. Tuzating: He drives very fast his car. → He drives his car very fast.
4. Tuzating: I go often to the gym. → I often go to the gym.
5. Tartiblang: in 1995 / in Samarkand / was born / my father → My father was born in Samarkand in 1995.
6. Men Toshkentdagi kichik kvartirada yashayman. → I live in a small flat in Tashkent.
7. U kecha konsertda ajoyib kuyladi. → She sang beautifully at the concert last night.
8. U uyga tez ketdi. → He went home quickly.
9. Har yozda biz Farg‘onaga boramiz. → Every summer, we go to Fergana.

Qisqa xulosa

• Tartib: Ega + Fe’l + To‘ldiruvchi + Tarz + Joy + Vaqt.
• Joy vaqtdan oldin: at school every day.
• Vaqt urg‘u uchun boshiga chiqishi mumkin.
• Fe’l va to‘ldiruvchi orasiga hech narsa qo‘yilmaydi.
• always, often, never — oddiy fe’ldan oldin, be dan keyin.
• Bir nechta vaqt — kichikdan kattaga: at 5 on Monday.