Reporting Verbs — Ko‘chirma gap fe’llari

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Ko‘chirma gapda doim said va told ishlatish zerikarli. Inglizlar boshqaning gapini qanday maqsadda aytilganini ko‘rsatadigan fe’llar bilan yetkazadi: advise (maslahat berdi), promise (va’da berdi), refuse (rad etdi), warn (ogohlantirdi).

Har bir fe’lning o‘z qolipi bor — ularni fe’l bilan birga yodlash kerak.

fe’l + to + fe’lShe promised to call. / He refused to help.

fe’l + kim + to + fe’lHe advised me to rest. / She asked me to wait.

fe’l + -ingHe suggested going to the park.

fe’l + thatShe explained that she was busy.

“I’ll call you tomorrow.” → She promised to call me.U menga qo‘ng‘iroq qilishga va’da berdi.
“You should rest.” → The doctor advised me to rest.Shifokor menga dam olishni maslahat berdi.
“No, I won’t help.” → He refused to help.U yordam berishdan bosh tortdi.
“Let’s go to the park.” → She suggested going to the park.U bog‘ga borishni taklif qildi.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

fe’l + to + fe’l: agree, offer, promise, refuse, threaten.
fe’l + kim + to + fe’l: advise, ask, tell, warn, remind, invite.
suggest — -ing yoki that bilan.
fe’l + that: explain, admit, complain.
apologise for, thank for — predlog + -ing.
Inkor: not to.

fe’l + to + fe’l

Fe’l	To‘g‘ri gap	Ko‘chirma
agree	“OK, I’ll help.”	He agreed to help.
offer	“Shall I carry it?”	She offered to carry it.
promise	“I’ll be on time.”	He promised to be on time.
refuse	“I won’t do it!”	She refused to do it.
threaten	“I’ll call the police!”	He threatened to call the police.

fe’l + kim + to + fe’l

Fe’l	To‘g‘ri gap	Ko‘chirma
advise	“You should see a doctor.”	She advised me to see a doctor.
ask	“Can you wait, please?”	He asked me to wait.
tell	“Sit down!”	The teacher told us to sit down.
warn	“Don’t touch it!”	She warned me not to touch it.
remind	“Don’t forget to buy milk.”	Mum reminded me to buy milk.
invite	“Come to my party!”	He invited us to come to his party.
encourage	“Go on, try it!”	My dad encouraged me to try.

Inkor: not — to dan oldin: She warned me not to go.

suggest

suggest — eng ko‘p xato qilinadigan fe’l. suggest + kim + to — xato!

suggest + -ingHe suggested going home.

suggest + that + ega + fe’lHe suggested that we go home.

She suggested taking a taxi.U taksi olishni taklif qildi.
I suggested that we meet at 7.Soat 7 da uchrashishni taklif qildim.

He suggested me to go — xato.

fe’l + that

She explained that the train was late.U poyezd kechikkanini tushuntirdi.
He admitted that he was wrong.U xato qilganini tan oldi.
They complained that the room was dirty.Ular xona iflos ekanidan shikoyat qilishdi.
He agreed that it was a good idea.U bu yaxshi fikr ekaniga rozi bo‘ldi.

predlog + -ing

Ba’zi fe’llar predlog oladi, undan keyin -ing:

apologise forHe apologised for being late.

thank forShe thanked me for helping her.

accuse ofThey accused him of stealing the money.

insist onHe insisted on paying.

admit + -ingHe admitted taking the money.

deny + -ingShe denied breaking the vase.

Ko‘p ishlatiladigan iqtibos fe’llari — jadval

Tuzilma	Fe’llar	Misol
fe’l + to + fe’l	agree, refuse, promise, offer, threaten	She agreed to help.
fe’l + kishi + to + fe’l	ask, tell, advise, warn, remind, encourage, persuade	He advised me to rest.
fe’l + -ing	suggest, recommend, deny, admit	She suggested going* out.*
fe’l + predlog + -ing	apologise for, insist on, accuse of, thank for	He apologised for being* late.*
fe’l + that	explain, complain, admit, agree, promise	She explained that* she was ill.*

warn, remind, persuade

She warned me not to touch the dog.U menga itga tegmaslikni ogohlantirdi.
Can you remind me to call my mum?Onamga qo‘ng‘iroq qilishimni eslatib qo‘ya olasanmi?
I persuaded him to come with us.Uni biz bilan borishga ko‘ndirdim.
My teacher encouraged me to enter the competition.O‘qituvchim tanlovda qatnashishga meni rag‘batlantirdi.

Inkor: not — to dan oldin: warn sb not to do (to not do — xato).

accuse, blame, thank, congratulate

Bu fe’llar kishi + predlog + -ing tuzilmasida keladi:

They accused him of stealing the money.Uni pulni o‘g‘irlaganlikda ayblashdi.
She blamed me for breaking the vase.U guldonni sindirganim uchun meni aybladi.
He thanked us for helping him.U yordam berganimiz uchun bizga rahmat aytdi.
We congratulated her on passing the exam.Imtihondan o‘tgani bilan uni tabrikladik.

Fe’l	Predlog
accuse	of
blame	for
thank	for
congratulate	on
apologise	for
insist	on

Iqtibos fe’llari bilan zamon siljishi

Iqtibos fe’li o‘tgan zamonda bo‘lsa, that dan keyingi gapda zamon odatda bir qadam orqaga suriladi:

“I’m tired.” → She explained that she was tired.U charchaganini tushuntirdi.
“I’ll call you.” → He promised that he would call.U qo‘ng‘iroq qilishga va’da berdi.
“I didn’t take it.” → He denied taking it.U olganini inkor qildi.

Bosqichma-bosqich

Gap qanday maqsadda aytilgan? Va’da → promise. Maslahat → advise. Rad → refuse...
Fe’l qolipini eslang: to? kim + to? -ing? that?
Inkor bo‘lsa — not to.

Misol: “Do‘kon yopiq bo‘lishi mumkin, bormang” — dedi u.

Ogohlantirish → warn + kim + not to.

NatijaShe warned me not to go — the shop might be closed.

Misol: “Kechikkanim uchun uzr” — dedi u.

Uzr → apologise for + -ing.

NatijaHe apologised for being late.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

✗ ~~He suggested me to go.~~

✓ He suggested going. / He suggested that I go.

suggest + kim + to — xato.

✗ ~~She advised to me rest.~~

✓ She advised me to rest.

advise + kim + to.

✗ ~~He refused helping.~~

✓ He refused to help.

refuse + to.

✗ ~~She promised me call.~~

✓ She promised to call me.

promise + to.

✗ ~~He apologised for be late.~~

✓ He apologised for being late.

predlog + -ing.

✗ ~~She warned me to not go.~~

✓ She warned me not to go.

not — to dan oldin.

✗ ~~He explained me the rule.~~

✓ He explained the rule to me.

explain + narsa + to + kim.

✗ ~~She warned me to not touch it.~~

✓ She warned me not to touch it.

not — to dan oldin.

✗ ~~They accused him for stealing.~~

✓ They accused him of stealing.

accuse of.

✗ ~~We congratulated her for passing.~~

✓ We congratulated her on passing.

congratulate on.

✗ ~~He persuaded me going.~~

✓ He persuaded me to go.

persuade + kishi + to.

✗ ~~She thanked me to help.~~

✓ She thanked me for helping.

thank for + -ing.

Eslab qoling: promise / refuse / offer + to. advise / ask / warn / remind + kim + to. suggest + -ing yoki that. apologise for + -ing.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Ishxonadagi kun

This morning my boss asked me to finish the report by Friday. I explained that I was very busy, but she insisted on having it on time. My colleague offered to help me – that was kind! At lunch, Aziz suggested going to a new café. Later, my manager apologised for being so strict and promised to give me a day off next week. She also reminded me to send the email to the client.

Ofisda kecha nima bo‘ldi

— What happened at the meeting?— Yig‘ilishda nima bo‘ldi?
— The boss thanked us for working so hard.— Boshliq bunchalik qattiq ishlaganimiz uchun bizga rahmat aytdi.
— Nice! Anything else?— Zo‘r! Yana nima?
— He warned us not to be late again. And he reminded everyone to send the reports.— U bizni boshqa kechikmaslikka ogohlantirdi. Hammaga hisobotlarni yuborishni eslatdi.
— Did Aziz say anything?— Aziz biror narsa dedimi?
— Yes, he apologised for missing the last meeting, and he offered to help with the new project.— Ha, oxirgi yig‘ilishni o‘tkazib yuborgani uchun uzr so‘radi va yangi loyihada yordam berishni taklif qildi.

Kichik matn: “Sinfdagi janjal”

Yesterday there was trouble in our class. Somebody broke the teacher’s computer. The teacher accused Jasur of breaking it, but he denied doing it. Then Kamila admitted pushing the desk by accident. She apologised for causing the problem and offered to pay for the repair. The teacher thanked her for telling the truth and advised everyone to be more careful. Finally, she reminded us to do our homework. Jasur was very happy!

Matndagi barcha iqtibos fe’llarini toping va ularning tuzilmasini aniqlang.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

“I’ll help you.” → He offered ___ ___ me. → to help
“You should study more.” → She advised me ___ ___ more. → to study
“Let’s eat out.” → He suggested ___ out. → eating
“Don’t be late!” → She warned me ___ ___ ___ late. → not to be
“Sorry I broke it.” → He apologised for ___ it. → breaking
Tuzating: She suggested me to buy a new phone. → She suggested buying a new phone.
U menga itga tegmaslikni ogohlantirdi. → She warned me not to touch the dog.
Uni o‘g‘irlikda ayblashdi. → They accused him of stealing.
Uni imtihondan o‘tgani bilan tabrikladik. → We congratulated her on passing the exam.
Onamga qo‘ng‘iroq qilishimni eslatib qo‘y. → Remind me to call my mum.

Qisqa xulosa

fe’l + to: agree, offer, promise, refuse, threaten.
fe’l + kim + to: advise, ask, tell, warn, remind, invite, encourage.
suggest + -ing yoki suggest that + ega + fe’l (suggest me to — xato).
fe’l + that: explain, admit, complain, agree.
predlog + -ing: apologise for, thank for, accuse of, insist on.
Inkor: not to.