Greetings and Introductions
Salomlashish va tanishish
Bu darsda
Oddiy qilib aytganda
Har qanday suhbat salomlashish va tanishishdan boshlanadi. Inglizchada buning uchun tayyor iboralar bor. Ularni grammatika qoidasi sifatida emas, bir butun ibora sifatida yodlab olgan ma’qul.
Eng muhim farq: rasmiy (o‘qituvchi, boshliq, notanish odam bilan) va norasmiy (do‘st, oila bilan) iboralar.
- Hello! I’m Malika.Salom! Men Malikaman.
- Hi, Malika. My name is Jasur.Salom, Malika. Mening ismim Jasur.
- Nice to meet you.Tanishganimdan xursandman.
- Nice to meet you, too.Men ham tanishganimdan xursandman.
Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:
- Kunning turli vaqtida salomlashish.
- O‘zini va boshqani tanishtirish.
- Hol-ahvol so‘rash va javob berish.
- Xayrlashish iboralari.
- Rasmiy va norasmiy uslub farqi.
Salomlashish
| Ibora | Qachon | Uslub |
|---|---|---|
| Hello | istalgan vaqt | har qanday |
| Hi / Hey | istalgan vaqt | norasmiy |
| Good morning | ertalab (12:00 gacha) | rasmiyroq |
| Good afternoon | tushdan keyin (12:00–18:00) | rasmiyroq |
| Good evening | kechqurun | rasmiyroq |
Diqqat: Good night — salomlashish emas! U faqat xayrlashishda, uxlashdan oldin aytiladi.
- Good morning, teacher!Xayrli tong, ustoz!
- Good evening, sir.Xayrli kech, janob.
- Good night, Mum.Xayrli tun, oyi. (uxlashga ketayotganda)
Tanishish
O‘zini tanishtirish
Boshqani tanishtirish
Kimnidir tanishtirganda This is ... ishlatiladi. He is... deyilmaydi.
- This is my friend, Bobur.Bu mening do‘stim, Bobur.
- This is my sister, Zarina.Bu mening singlim, Zarina.
- Bobur, this is Ali.Bobur, bu Ali.
Ism so‘rash
- What’s your name?Ismingiz nima?
- Where are you from?Qayerdansiz?
- What do you do?Nima ish qilasiz?
Hol so‘rash
| Savol | Javob |
|---|---|
| How are you? | I’m fine, thanks. / Very well, thank you. |
| How are you doing? | Good, thanks. / Not bad. |
| How’s it going? (norasmiy) | Great! / OK. |
Javobdan keyin odatda savolni qaytariladi: And you? yoki How about you?
- — How are you?— Qalaysiz?
- — I’m fine, thanks. And you?— Yaxshi, rahmat. O‘zingiz-chi?
- — Very well, thank you.— Juda yaxshi, rahmat.
Xayrlashish
- Goodbye.Xayr. (rasmiyroq)
- Bye! / Bye-bye!Xayr! (norasmiy)
- See you later.Keyin ko‘rishamiz.
- See you tomorrow.Ertaga ko‘rishamiz.
- Have a nice day!Kuningiz yaxshi o‘tsin!
- Good night.Xayrli tun.
Rasmiy va norasmiy salomlashish
Ingliz tilida salomlashish vaziyatga qarab o‘zgaradi. Do‘stingizga va direktoringizga bir xil gapirmaysiz:
| Norasmiy (do‘stlar, oila) | Neytral | Rasmiy (ish, notanish odamlar) |
|---|---|---|
| Hi! / Hey! | Hello! | Good morning / afternoon / evening. |
| How’s it going? | How are you? | How do you do? |
| What’s up? | Nice to see you. | Pleased to meet you. |
| See you! / Bye! | Goodbye. | It was a pleasure meeting you. |
- Hey, Aziz! What’s up?Salom, Aziz! Nima gaplar?
- Good morning, Mrs Karimova. How are you today?Xayrli tong, Karimova xonim. Bugun qandaysiz?
- How do you do? — How do you do?Assalomu alaykum. — Va alaykum assalom. (juda rasmiy, birinchi uchrashuvda)
- Pleased to meet you, Mr Smith.Tanishganimdan xursandman, janob Smit.
Diqqat: How do you do? — bu savol emas! Unga How do you do? deb javob beriladi. Hozir u juda rasmiy va kam ishlatiladi.
Good night — salomlashish emas, faqat xayrlashish yoki uxlashdan oldin: Good night, sleep well! Kechqurun kelganda: Good evening.
Murojaat: Mr, Mrs, Ms, Miss
Rasmiy vaziyatda odamga familiya bilan murojaat qilinadi:
| Murojaat | Kimga | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| Mr /ˈmɪstə/ | erkak | Mr Karimov |
| Mrs /ˈmɪsɪz/ | turmush qurgan ayol | Mrs Karimova |
| Ms /mɪz/ | ayol (turmush holati muhim emas) | Ms Karimova |
| Miss | turmushga chiqmagan qiz | Miss Karimova |
| Dr | shifokor, fan doktori | Dr Aliyev |
- Good afternoon, Mr Aliyev.Xayrli kun, janob Aliyev.
- Excuse me, Ms Rahimova? Your table is ready.Kechirasiz, Rahimova xonim? Stolingiz tayyor.
Diqqat: Mr Aziz (ism bilan) — xato. Mr / Mrs dan keyin familiya keladi: Mr Karimov. Ism bilan murojaat — norasmiy, Mr siz: Hi, Aziz!
O‘qituvchiga: Good morning, teacher — inglizcha tabiiy emas. To‘g‘risi: Good morning, Mr / Ms + familiya yoki shunchaki Good morning!
Hol so‘rashga javoblar
How are you? savoliga javob qisqa bo‘ladi va odatda savol qaytariladi:
| Javob | Ma’nosi |
|---|---|
| I’m fine, thanks. And you? | Yaxshi, rahmat. O‘zingiz-chi? |
| Very well, thank you. | Juda yaxshi, rahmat. (rasmiy) |
| Not bad. | Yomon emas. |
| So-so. / Not too bad. | O‘rtacha. |
| I’m a bit tired. | Biroz charchadim. |
| Great, thanks! | Zo‘r, rahmat! |
Bosqichma-bosqich
Notanish odam bilan tanishish rejasi:
- Salomlashing: Hello. / Good morning.
- Ismingizni ayting: I’m Aziz.
- Uning ismini so‘rang: What’s your name?
- Xursandligingizni bildiring: Nice to meet you.
Misol: Yangi hamkasb bilan
Misol: Do‘stni tanishtirish
- Kimni tanishtiryapsiz? → This is ...
- Kimligini qo‘shing: my friend.
Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar
Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar
✗ Good night! (kechqurun uchrashganda)
✓ Good evening!
Good night — faqat xayrlashishda.
✗ He is my friend Ali. (tanishtirganda)
✓ This is my friend Ali.
Tanishtirishda This is.
✗ My name Aziz.
✓ My name is Aziz.
is tushib qolmasin.
✗ I am fine, thanks. And you? How you?
✓ I’m fine, thanks. And you?
Qisqa And you? yetarli.
✗ Nice to meet you, too. (birinchi bo‘lib)
✓ Nice to meet you.
too — javobda ishlatiladi.
✗ What is you name?
✓ What is your name?
you emas, your.
✗ Good night! (kechqurun kelganda)
✓ Good evening!
Good night — faqat xayrlashganda.
✗ Hello, Mr Aziz.
✓ Hello, Mr Karimov. / Hi, Aziz.
Mr + familiya.
✗ Good morning, teacher!
✓ Good morning, Ms Rahimova! / Good morning!
teacher — murojaat sifatida g‘alati.
✗ — How do you do? — I’m fine, thanks.
✓ — How do you do? — How do you do?
Bu savol emas, salomlashish.
Eslab qoling: Good night — xayrlashish. This is ... — tanishtirish. Nice to meet you, too — javob.
Hayotiy vaziyatlarda
Kursdagi birinchi kun
- — Hi! I’m Nodira. What’s your name?— Salom! Men Nodiraman. Ismingiz nima?
- — Hi, Nodira. I’m Timur.— Salom, Nodira. Men Temurman.
- — Nice to meet you, Timur. Where are you from?— Tanishganimdan xursandman, Temur. Qayerdansiz?
- — Nice to meet you, too. I’m from Fergana.— Men ham xursandman. Farg‘onadanman.
- — This is my friend, Laylo.— Bu mening dugonam, Laylo.
- — Hello, Laylo!— Salom, Laylo!
Ish suhbatida
- — Good morning. I’m here for the interview. My name is Dilnoza Karimova.— Xayrli tong. Men suhbatga keldim. Ismim Dilnoza Karimova.
- — Good morning, Ms Karimova. Pleased to meet you. I’m Mr Smith, the manager.— Xayrli tong, Karimova xonim. Tanishganimdan xursandman. Men janob Smit, menejerman.
- — Nice to meet you too, Mr Smith.— Men ham tanishganimdan xursandman, janob Smit.
- — Please, have a seat. How are you today?— Iltimos, o‘tiring. Bugun qandaysiz?
- — Very well, thank you. A little nervous!— Juda yaxshi, rahmat. Biroz hayajondaman!
Ko‘chada eski do‘st bilan
- — Hey, Bobur! Long time no see!— Salom, Bobur! Ko‘rinmay ketding!
- — Hi, Sardor! How’s it going?— Salom, Sardor! Ishlar qalay?
- — Not bad. And you?— Yomon emas. O‘zingchi?
- — Great, thanks. This is my wife, Lola.— Zo‘r, rahmat. Bu xotinim, Lola.
- — Nice to meet you, Lola.— Tanishganimdan xursandman, Lola.
- — Nice to meet you too.— Men ham.
- — Sorry, I have to go. See you later!— Kechirasan, ketishim kerak. Keyinroq ko‘rishamiz!
- — Bye! Take care!— Xayr! O‘zingni ehtiyot qil!
Kichik matn: “Birinchi ish kunim”
On my first day at work, I arrived at 8.30. The receptionist smiled and said, “Good morning! Can I help you?” I said, “Good morning. My name is Jasur Aliyev. I’m the new accountant.” She called the manager, Mrs Johnson. She shook my hand and said, “Pleased to meet you, Jasur. Welcome to the team!” Then she introduced me to my colleagues: “This is Anna, and this is Tom.” Everyone said, “Nice to meet you!” At six o’clock I said “Goodbye, see you tomorrow!” and went home. It was a great first day.
Matnda rasmiy va norasmiy iboralarni toping. Siz o‘z birinchi ish kuningizda nima der edingiz?
O‘zingizni tekshiring
- Ertalab ustozga: → Good morning
- “Tanishganimdan xursandman” → Nice to meet you.
- Javob: Nice to meet you, ___. → too
- Do‘stni tanishtiring: ___ my friend, Ali. → This is
- How are you? → I’m fine, thanks. And you?
- Uxlashga ketayotganda: → Good night
- Kechqurun kelganda qanday salomlashasiz? → Good evening!
- Rasmiy: “Tanishganimdan xursandman.” → Pleased to meet you.
- Turmush qurgan ayolga murojaat (Karimova) → Mrs Karimova
- — How are you? — Yomon emas. → Not bad.
Qisqa xulosa
- Salomlashish: Hello, Hi, Good morning / afternoon / evening.
- Good night — faqat xayrlashish.
- Tanishish: My name is... / I’m..., Nice to meet you.
- Javob: Nice to meet you, too.
- Tanishtirish: This is ...
- Hol so‘rash: How are you? — I’m fine, thanks. And you?
- Xayrlashish: Goodbye, Bye, See you later, Have a nice day.