Three-part Phrasal Verbs
Uch qismli frazali fe’llar
Bu darsda
Oddiy qilib aytganda
Ikki qismli frazali fe’llarni bilasiz: look after, give up, turn off. Uch qismli frazali fe’llar esa fe’l + ravish (particle) + predlog dan iborat:
look forward to — intiqlik bilan kutmoq get on with — chiqishmoq, til topishmoq put up with — chidamoq, toqat qilmoq run out of — tugab qolmoq
Bu fe’llarning ikkita muhim xususiyati bor:
- Ularning ma’nosini alohida so‘zlardan taxmin qilib bo‘lmaydi: put + up + with ≠ “ustiga qo‘ymoq”, balki “chidamoq”. Shuning uchun ularni butun ibora sifatida yodlash kerak.
- Ular hech qachon ajralmaydi: to‘ldiruvchi — ot ham, olmosh ham — doim oxirida turadi.
I can’t put up with the noise. → I can’t put up with it. (put it up with ✗)
O‘zbekchada bu fe’llar ko‘pincha bitta fe’l bilan tarjima qilinadi: chidamoq, kutmoq, tugamoq, qochmoq. Shuning uchun uch qismni ham eslab qolish kerak.
Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:
- Uch qismli fe’llarning tuzilishi va so‘z tartibi.
- Eng ko‘p ishlatiladigan 25 ta uch qismli fe’l.
- Predlogdan keyin -ing: look forward to seeing.
- Odamlar munosabatlari: get on with, look up to, look down on.
- Muammolar: put up with, run out of, come up with.
- Eng ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar.
So‘z tartibi: hech qachon ajralmaydi
Uch qismli fe’llarning to‘ldiruvchisi doim oxirida turadi:
| To‘g‘ri | Xato |
|---|---|
| I get on with my sister. | |
| I get on with her. | |
| We ran out of milk. | |
| We ran out of it. |
Bu ajraladigan ikki qismli fe’llardan (turn it off) farq qiladi.
Predlogdan keyin fe’l: -ing
Oxirgi qism predlog bo‘lgani uchun, undan keyin fe’l kelsa — u -ing shaklda bo‘ladi:
- I’m looking forward to seeing you.Sizni ko‘rishni intiqlik bilan kutyapman.
- She gave up on trying to convince him.U uni ko‘ndirishga urinishdan voz kechdi.
- He got away with cheating in the exam.U imtihonda ko‘chirib, jazosiz qoldi.
Diqqat: look forward to see — xato! Bu yerdagi to — infinitiv belgisi emas, predlog. Shuning uchun undan keyin -ing: look forward to seeing.
Eng ko‘p ishlatiladigan uch qismli fe’llar
Odamlar va munosabatlar
| Frazali fe’l | Ma’nosi | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| get on with | chiqishmoq, til topishmoq | I get on well with my boss. |
| get along with | chiqishmoq (AmE) | Do you get along with your neighbours? |
| look up to | hurmat qilmoq, o‘rnak olmoq | I’ve always looked up to my father. |
| look down on | mensimaslik, past nazar bilan qaramoq | She looks down on people without money. |
| fall out with | urishib qolmoq, aloqani uzmoq | He fell out with his best friend. |
| catch up with | yetib olmoq; ko‘rishib, yangiliklarni aytishmoq | Let’s meet and catch up with each other. |
| keep up with | ortda qolmaslik | It’s hard to keep up with the other students. |
| stand up for | himoya qilmoq | You should stand up for your rights. |
| make up for | o‘rnini to‘ldirmoq | I’ll make up for being late. |
- Do you get on with your sister?Singling bilan chiqishasizmi?
- Young players often look up to famous footballers.Yosh o‘yinchilar ko‘pincha mashhur futbolchilardan o‘rnak olishadi.
- They fell out with each other over money.Ular pul sababli urishib qolishdi.
- Walk more slowly — I can’t keep up with you!Sekinroq yur — senga yetolmayapman!
Muammolar va vaziyatlar
| Frazali fe’l | Ma’nosi | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| put up with | chidamoq, toqat qilmoq | I can’t put up with this noise. |
| run out of | tugab qolmoq | We’ve run out of sugar. |
| come up with | o‘ylab topmoq | She came up with a great idea. |
| get rid of | qutulmoq | I want to get rid of these old clothes. |
| get away with | jazosiz qolmoq | He thinks he can get away with anything. |
| get out of | ...dan qutulib qolmoq (ish, majburiyat) | How did you get out of doing the dishes? |
| come down with | kasal bo‘lib qolmoq | I think I’m coming down with a cold. |
| face up to | tan olmoq, yuzma-yuz kelmoq | You must face up to your problems. |
| cut down on | kamaytirmoq | I’m trying to cut down on sugar. |
| go through with | oxiriga yetkazmoq | They decided to go through with the plan. |
- How can you put up with such a noisy flat?Bunday shovqinli kvartiraga qanday chidaysan?
- We’ve run out of bread. Can you buy some?Non tugab qoldi. Sotib ola olasanmi?
- Who came up with this idea?Bu fikrni kim o‘ylab topdi?
- I need to get rid of all this junk.Bu chiqindilarning hammasidan qutulishim kerak.
- The doctor told me to cut down on coffee.Shifokor qahvani kamaytirishni aytdi.
Kutish va rejalar
| Frazali fe’l | Ma’nosi | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| look forward to | intiqlik bilan kutmoq | I look forward to your reply. |
| look out for | ehtiyot bo‘lmoq; qidirib turmoq | Look out for pickpockets! |
| go along with | rozi bo‘lmoq | I’ll go along with your decision. |
| drop out of | tashlab ketmoq (o‘qish) | He dropped out of university. |
| check up on | tekshirib turmoq | The nurse checks up on the patients. |
| back out of | va’dadan qaytmoq | He backed out of the deal. |
- I’m really looking forward to the summer holidays.Yozgi ta’tilni juda intiqlik bilan kutyapman.
- We look forward to hearing from you.Javobingizni kutib qolamiz. (rasmiy xat oxirida)
- She dropped out of school at sixteen.U o‘n olti yoshida maktabni tashlab ketdi.
Diqqat: rasmiy xatlarda I look forward to hearing from you — juda ko‘p ishlatiladigan yakuniy ibora. I’m looking forward to... — biroz norasmiyroq.
Majhul nisbatda
Uch qismli fe’llar majhul nisbatda ham ishlatiladi. Bunda barcha uch qism birga qoladi:
- This problem must be faced up to.Bu muammo bilan yuzma-yuz kelish kerak.
- Such behaviour should not be put up with.Bunday xatti-harakatga toqat qilmaslik kerak.
- The old furniture was got rid of.Eski mebeldan qutulishdi.
Bosqichma-bosqich
- Iborani to‘liq bilasizmi? Uch qismni ham eslab qoling: put up with, run out of.
- To‘ldiruvchi qayerda? Doim oxirida, olmosh bo‘lsa ham.
- Keyin fe’l keladimi? → -ing shakl.
Misol: “Bunday ob-havoga chiday olmayman.”
- “chidamoq” → put up with.
- To‘ldiruvchi oxirida.
Misol: “Siz bilan uchrashishni intiqlik bilan kutyapman.”
- “intiqlik bilan kutmoq” → look forward to.
- Keyin fe’l → -ing.
Misol: “Benzin tugab qoldi.”
- “tugab qolmoq” → run out of.
Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar
Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar
✗ I look forward to see you.
✓ I look forward to seeing you.
to — predlog, keyin -ing.
✗ I can’t put up this noise.
✓ I can’t put up with this noise.
Uchinchi qism tushib qolmasin.
✗ We ran out milk.
✓ We ran out of milk.
run out of.
✗ I get on my sister well.
✓ I get on well with my sister.
get on with.
✗ She came up a good idea.
✓ She came up with a good idea.
come up with.
✗ I want to get rid these clothes.
✓ I want to get rid of these clothes.
get rid of.
✗ I can’t put it up with.
✓ I can’t put up with it.
Uch qismli fe’l ajralmaydi.
✗ He looks up his father to.
✓ He looks up to his father.
look up to + to‘ldiruvchi.
✗ I’m looking forward for the holiday.
✓ I’m looking forward to the holiday.
look forward to.
✗ Slow down, I can’t keep up you.
✓ Slow down, I can’t keep up with you.
keep up with.
Eslab qoling: uch qismli fe’llar ajralmaydi — to‘ldiruvchi doim oxirida. look forward to + -ing. Eng muhimlari: put up with, run out of, get on with, come up with, get rid of, look forward to.
Hayotiy vaziyatlarda
Yangi ishxona haqida
- — How’s your new job?— Yangi ishing qanday?
- — Great! I get on really well with my colleagues.— Zo‘r! Hamkasblarim bilan juda yaxshi chiqishyapman.
- — And your boss?— Boshlig‘ing-chi?
- — She’s very smart. Everyone looks up to her. But it’s hard to keep up with all the work.— U juda aqlli. Hamma undan o‘rnak oladi. Lekin barcha ishlarga ulgurish qiyin.
- — Well, I’m sure you’ll come up with a good system.— Ishonamanki, yaxshi tizim o‘ylab topasan.
Uyda
- — Mum, we’ve run out of milk again.— Oyi, yana sut tugab qoldi.
- — Again? Your brother drinks too much! I’ll have to cut down on buying chocolate milk.— Yana? Akang juda ko‘p ichadi! Shokoladli sut sotib olishni kamaytirishim kerak.
- — And can we get rid of these old magazines?— Bu eski jurnallardan qutulsak bo‘ladimi?
- — Yes, but don’t think you can get out of tidying your room!— Ha, lekin xonangni yig‘ishtirishdan qutulib qolaman deb o‘ylama!
Kichik matn: “Ta’mirlash”
Last month we decided to renovate our kitchen. We had put up with the old cupboards for years, and finally we wanted to get rid of them. My husband came up with a great design, and we found a builder who seemed nice. But soon things went wrong. First, the builder ran out of materials and disappeared for a week. Then he came down with the flu. We were angry, but we decided to go through with the project. In the end, the kitchen looks fantastic, and the builder made up for the delays by giving us a discount. Now I’m looking forward to cooking in my new kitchen!
Matndagi barcha uch qismli fe’llarni toping va ularni o‘zbekchaga tarjima qiling. Qaysi gapda predlogdan keyin -ing keladi?
O‘zingizni tekshiring
- Men akam bilan yaxshi chiqishaman. → I get on well with my brother.
- Shakar tugab qoldi. → We’ve run out of sugar.
- Bu shovqinga chiday olmayman. → I can’t put up with this noise.
- U ajoyib fikr o‘ylab topdi. → She came up with a great idea.
- Sizdan javob kutib qolamiz. (rasmiy xat) → We look forward to hearing from you.
- Eski mebeldan qutulmoqchiman. → I want to get rid of the old furniture.
- U akasidan o‘rnak oladi. → He looks up to his brother.
Hammasi to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, mavzu bo‘yicha testni topshiring.
Qisqa xulosa
- Uch qismli frazali fe’l: fe’l + ravish + predlog: look forward to, put up with.
- Ular ajralmaydi — to‘ldiruvchi (ot ham, olmosh ham) oxirida.
- Predlogdan keyin fe’l — -ing: look forward to seeing.
- Munosabatlar: get on with, look up to, look down on, fall out with, keep up with.
- Muammolar: put up with, run out of, come up with, get rid of, cut down on.
- Rasmiy xat oxiri: I look forward to hearing from you.