Ago, For, Since

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Uchta so‘z vaqt haqida gapiradi, lekin har xil savolga javob beradi:

• ago — “...oldin”: hozirdan orqaga sanaymiz. two years ago (ikki yil oldin). Past Simple bilan.
• for — “...dan beri / ... davomida”: qancha vaqt davom etgani. for two years (ikki yil davomida).
• since — “...dan beri”: qachon boshlangani (boshlanish nuqtasi). since 2020 (2020-yildan beri).

• I met him three days ago.Uni uch kun oldin uchratdim.
• She has worked here for ten years.U bu yerda o‘n yildan beri ishlaydi.
• We’ve been friends since school.Maktabdan beri do‘stmiz.
• I waited for an hour.Bir soat kutdim.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. ago — o‘tmishdagi nuqta, Past Simple bilan.
2. for — davomiylik.
3. since — boshlanish nuqtasi.
4. for va since Present Perfect bilan.
5. How long...? va When...? savollari.

ago

ago — vaqt so‘zidan keyin keladi va Past Simple bilan ishlatiladi:

• I started this job two months ago.Bu ishni ikki oy oldin boshladim.
• The film started ten minutes ago.Film o‘n daqiqa oldin boshlandi.
• A long time ago, there was a king...Uzoq vaqt oldin bir podsho bor ekan...
• How long ago did you arrive?Qancha vaqt oldin keldingiz?

Diqqat: ago two years — xato. ago doim oxirida.

for va since

Tekshirish usuli: “qancha vaqt?” deb so‘rasangiz → for. “qachondan?” deb so‘rasangiz → since.

Present Perfect bilan

Hozirgacha davom etayotgan holatlar uchun for va since — Present Perfect bilan keladi:

• I’ve known her for ten years.Uni o‘n yildan beri bilaman.
• He’s been ill since Friday.U jumadan beri kasal.
• We haven’t seen each other for ages.Biz ancha vaqtdan beri ko‘rishmadik.
• They’ve lived in Tashkent since 2015.Ular 2015-yildan beri Toshkentda yashaydi.

Diqqat: o‘zbekchada “yashayman” (hozirgi) deymiz, lekin inglizchada I live here for 5 years — xato. To‘g‘ri: I’ve lived here for 5 years.

for — boshqa zamonlarda ham

for davomiylikni istalgan zamonda bildiradi:

• I slept for eight hours.Sakkiz soat uxladim. (Past Simple)
• I’ll stay for a week.Bir hafta qolaman. (Future)

Ikki savol

Qachondan beri? — ikki usul

Bir xil fikrni ago va Past Simple bilan yoki for / since va Present Perfect bilan aytish mumkin:

• I moved to Tashkent ten years ago. → I’ve lived in Tashkent for ten years.Toshkentga o‘n yil oldin ko‘chganman. → Toshkentda o‘n yildan beri yashayman.
• She started learning English in May. → She’s been learning English since May.U may oyida ingliz tilini o‘rgana boshladi. → U maydan beri ingliz tilini o‘rganyapti.

since + gap

since dan keyin faqat vaqt nuqtasi emas, to‘liq gap ham kelishi mumkin. Bunda gapdagi fe’l odatda Past Simpleda:

• I’ve lived here since I was born.Tug‘ilganimdan beri shu yerda yashayman.
• She’s been happy since she got the new job.Yangi ishga kirganidan beri u baxtli.
• It’s been three years since we last met.Oxirgi marta uchrashganimizga uch yil bo‘ldi.

It’s been + vaqt + since — juda foydali ibora: It’s been ages since I saw you! — “Seni ko‘rmaganimga ancha bo‘ldi!”

ago va before farqi

ago — hozirgi paytdan hisoblanadi; before — o‘tmishdagi boshqa paytdan:

• I saw him three days ago.Uni uch kun oldin ko‘rdim. (bugundan hisoblab)
• When I met her in 2020, she had left her job two years before.2020-yilda u bilan uchrashganimda, u ishdan ikki yil oldin ketgan edi. (2020-yildan hisoblab)
• I’ve seen this film before.Bu filmni avval ko‘rganman. (umumiy “ilgari”)

I saw him before three days — xato. To‘g‘risi: three days ago.

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. Hozirdan orqaga sanayapsizmi (... oldin)? → ago + Past Simple.
2. Hozirgacha davom etyaptimi? → Present Perfect + for yoki since.
3. Davomiylikmi (2 yil)? → for. Boshlanish nuqtasimi (2020)? → since.

Misol: “Men bu yerda 2018-yildan beri ishlayman.”

1. Hozirgacha davom etyapti → Present Perfect.
2. 2018 — boshlanish nuqtasi → since.

Misol: “Men bu yerga olti yil oldin kelganman.”

1. “oldin” → ago + Past Simple.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: ago — orqaga sanash (Past Simple). for — qancha vaqt. since — qachondan. for/since — hozirgacha bo‘lsa Present Perfect.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Intervyuda

• — How long have you lived in Tashkent?— Toshkentda qancha vaqtdan beri yashaysiz?
• — For about six years. I moved here six years ago, from Karshi.— Taxminan olti yildan beri. Olti yil oldin Qarshidan ko‘chib kelganman.
• — And how long have you worked as a designer?— Dizayner bo‘lib qancha vaqtdan beri ishlaysiz?
• — Since 2021. I finished university three years ago.— 2021-yildan beri. Universitetni uch yil oldin tugatganman.
• — Have you used Figma for a long time?— Figmadan ko‘pdan beri foydalanasizmi?
• — Yes, since my first year at university.— Ha, universitetning birinchi kursidan beri.

Eski do‘st bilan uchrashuv

• — Aziz! It’s been ages since I saw you!— Aziz! Seni ko‘rmaganimga ancha bo‘ldi!
• — I know! When did we last meet?— Bilaman! Oxirgi marta qachon uchrashgan edik?
• — About five years ago, at Dilshod’s wedding.— Taxminan besh yil oldin, Dilshodning to‘yida.
• — Wow. Are you still at the bank?— Voy. Hali ham bankdamisan?
• — No, I left two years ago. I’ve worked for a tech company since then.— Yo‘q, ikki yil oldin ketdim. O‘shandan beri texnologiya kompaniyasida ishlayman.
• — And are you married?— Uylanganmisan?
• — Yes, I’ve been married for three years.— Ha, uylanganimga uch yil bo‘ldi.

Kichik matn: “Mening oilam tarixi”

My grandparents met sixty years ago in Samarkand. They have been married for almost sixty years now! My father was born in 1970, and he has lived in Tashkent since he was eighteen. He has worked as a doctor for thirty years. My parents bought our house twenty years ago, so I have lived there since I was a baby. My older brother moved to Germany three years ago. It’s been a long time since we saw him, but he’s coming home next month.

Matnda ago qaysi zamon bilan, for va since qaysi zamon bilan ishlatilganini aniqlang.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. I bought this phone two weeks ___. → ago
2. She has been here ___ Tuesday. → since
3. We’ve known each other ___ twenty years. → for
4. He’s worked here ___ he left school. → since
5. Tuzating: I live here since 2020. → I’ve lived here since 2020.
6. Tuzating: I have met her a week ago. → I met her a week ago.
7. Men uni uch kun oldin ko‘rdim. → I saw him three days ago.
8. Tug‘ilganimdan beri shu yerda yashayman. → I’ve lived here since I was born.
9. Seni ko‘rmaganimga ancha bo‘ldi! → It’s been ages since I saw you!
10. Men bu filmni avval ko‘rganman. → I’ve seen this film before.

Qisqa xulosa

• ago — hozirdan orqaga: two years ago (oxirida), Past Simple bilan.
• for + davomiylik: for two hours, for a week.
• since + boshlanish nuqtasi: since Monday, since 2020, since I was a child.
• Hozirgacha davom etsa: Present Perfect + for/since.
• How long...? → for/since; When...? → ago.