Past Simple: Questions and Negatives

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Past Simple da savol va inkor tuzish uchun did yordamchi fe’li ishlatiladi. U hamma shaxs uchun bir xil — does dagidek “he/she” muammosi yo‘q.

Eng muhim qoida: did o‘tgan zamonni o‘zi oladi, shuning uchun asosiy fe’l asosiy shaklga qaytadi: went → go, saw → see.

• I didn’t see the film.Men filmni ko‘rmadim.
• Did you call your mum?Onangga qo‘ng‘iroq qildingmi?
• We didn’t have time.Vaqtimiz bo‘lmadi.
• Where did you buy it?Uni qayerdan sotib oldingiz?

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. did / didn’t + fe’lning asosiy shakli.
2. Ha/yo‘q savollar va qisqa javoblar.
3. So‘roq so‘zlari bilan: What did...? Where did...?
4. was/were bilan did ishlatilmasligi.
5. Ega haqida savol: Who called?
6. Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar.

Inkor: didn’t

didn’t = did not. Rasmiy yozuvda to‘liq shakl: We did not receive your letter.

Savol: Did...?

• Did you sleep well? — Yes, I did.Yaxshi uxladingizmi? — Ha.
• Did he pass the exam? — No, he didn’t.U imtihondan o‘tdimi? — Yo‘q.
• Did they like the food?Ularga ovqat yoqdimi?

So‘roq so‘zlari bilan

• What did you do yesterday?Kecha nima qildingiz?
• Where did you go on holiday?Ta’tilda qayerga bordingiz?
• When did she arrive?U qachon keldi?
• Why did you leave early?Nega erta ketdingiz?
• How did you find it?Uni qanday topdingiz?
• Who did you meet?Kim bilan uchrashdingiz?

was / were bilan did yo‘q

be fe’li o‘tgan zamonda ham o‘zi savol va inkor tuzadi:

Xuddi shunday could: Could you swim? (Did you could — xato).

Ega haqida savol

Agar kim yoki nima — gapning egasi bo‘lsa, did kerak emas, fe’l o‘tgan zamonda qoladi:

• What happened?Nima bo‘ldi? (What did happen — xato)
• Who won the match?O‘yinda kim yutdi?
• Who did you see at the party?Ziyofatda kimni ko‘rdingiz?

So‘roq so‘zlari bilan to‘liq jadval

Wh- so‘zlari bilan o‘tgan zamon savollari:

• Where did you buy that jacket?O‘sha kurtkani qayerdan olding?
• What time did you get up this morning?Bugun ertalab soat nechada turding?
• How long did it take?Qancha vaqt ketdi?
• Why didn’t you call me?Nega menga qo‘ng‘iroq qilmading?

Ega haqida va to‘ldiruvchi haqida

Who va What ega bo‘lsa — did ishlatilmaydi va fe’l o‘tgan zamonda keladi:

• Who broke the window?Derazani kim sindirdi?
• What made you angry?Seni nima jahlingni chiqardi?
• Who told you that?Senga buni kim aytdi?

Who did break the window? — xato (urg‘u ma’nosidan tashqari).

Savolga javob berish

O‘tgan zamon savollariga javobda qisqa javob yoki to‘liq gap beriladi:

• — Did you enjoy the film? — Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.— Film yoqdimi? — Ha. / Yo‘q.
• — Where did you go? — I went to the mountains.— Qayerga bording? — Tog‘ga bordim.
• — When did you arrive? — Yesterday. / I arrived yesterday.— Qachon kelding? — Kecha.

Diqqat: javobda fe’l o‘tgan zamonga qaytadi: — Where did you go? — I went... (I go emas).

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. Fe’l was/were yoki could mi? → did kerak emas.
2. Boshqa fe’l → did / didn’t qo‘shing.
3. Asosiy fe’lni asosiy shaklga qaytaring: went → go, bought → buy.

Misol: “He bought a new car.” → savol

1. bought — oddiy fe’l → Did.
2. bought → buy.

Misol: “Kecha nima yedingiz?”

1. So‘roq so‘zi What + did + you + eat.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: did — o‘tgan zamonni o‘zi oladi. Asosiy fe’l — toza (go, see, buy).

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Dushanba ertalab ishxonada

• — Did you have a good weekend?— Dam olish kunlaringiz yaxshi o‘tdimi?
• — Yes, thanks! I went to Chimgan.— Ha, rahmat! Chimyonga bordim.
• — Really? Who did you go with?— Rostdanmi? Kim bilan bordingiz?
• — My cousins. Did you go anywhere?— Amakivachchalarim bilan. Siz biror joyga bordingizmi?
• — No, I didn’t. I didn’t feel well.— Yo‘q. O‘zimni yaxshi his qilmadim.
• — Oh no! What happened?— Voy! Nima bo‘ldi?
• — I had a cold. I didn’t leave the house!— Shamollab qoldim. Uydan chiqmadim!

Politsiyada

• — What happened?— Nima bo‘ldi?
• — Someone stole my bag.— Kimdir sumkamni o‘g‘irladi.
• — When did it happen?— Bu qachon sodir bo‘ldi?
• — About an hour ago, at the bus stop.— Taxminan bir soat oldin, avtobus bekatida.
• — Did you see the thief?— O‘g‘rini ko‘rdingizmi?
• — Yes, I did. He was tall and wore a black jacket.— Ha. U baland bo‘yli edi va qora kurtka kiygan edi.
• — What was in the bag?— Sumkada nima bor edi?
• — My phone, my wallet and my keys.— Telefonim, hamyonim va kalitlarim.

Kichik matn: “Intervyu”

Yesterday a journalist interviewed my grandfather about his life. “Where were you born?” she asked. “In a small village near Khiva.” “When did you come to Tashkent?” — “In 1965.” “Why did you leave your village?” — “I wanted to study.” “What did you study?” — “Engineering.” “Who helped you most?” — “My teacher, Mr Karimov.” “Did you enjoy your work?” — “Yes, I did. Every day.” “What made you happy?” — “My family,” he smiled.

Matndagi savollarni toping. Qaysilari ega haqida (did siz), qaysilari to‘ldiruvchi haqida (did bilan)?

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. I ___ (not/go) to work yesterday. → didn’t go
2. ___ you ___ (see) the news? → Did / see
3. Where ___ they ___ (stay)? → did / stay
4. ___ she at the party? → Was
5. Who ___ (break) the window? → broke
6. Tuzating: Did you bought it? → Did you buy it?
7. Derazani kim sindirdi? → Who broke the window?
8. Siz kimga qo‘ng‘iroq qildingiz? → Who did you call?
9. Bugun ertalab soat nechada turding? → What time did you get up this morning?
10. Nega kelmading? → Why didn’t you come?

Qisqa xulosa

• Inkor: didn’t + asosiy shakl: I didn’t go.
• Savol: Did + ega + asosiy shakl?: Did you go?
• So‘roq so‘zi bilan: What / Where / When did + ega + fe’l?
• Qisqa javob: Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.
• was / were, could bilan did ishlatilmaydi.
• Ega haqida savol: Who called? What happened? — did yo‘q.