During, For, While

Oddiy qilib aytganda

during, for va while — uchalasi ham “davomida”, “paytida” deb tarjima qilinadi. Shuning uchun ular ko‘p chalkashtiriladi. Lekin ular har xil savolga javob beradi va ulardan keyin har xil so‘z keladi:

• for — “qancha vaqt?” → davr, muddat: for two hours, for a week, for ten years.
• during — “qachon?” → voqea, davr nomi (ot): during the film, during the summer, during the lesson.
• while — “qachon?” → to‘liq gap (ega + fe’l): while I was cooking, while you sleep.

Bir misolda uchalasini ko‘ring:

I slept for two hours. — Ikki soat uxladim. (qancha vaqt) I slept during the film. — Film paytida uxladim. (qachon — ot bilan) I slept while the film was on. — Film ketayotganda uxladim. (qachon — gap bilan)

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. for — qancha vaqt davom etdi.
2. during — qaysi voqea paytida.
3. while — gap bilan “...ayotganda”.
4. during va while — ot yoki gap?
5. for va during — muddat yoki voqea?
6. Eng ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar.

for — qancha vaqt?

for dan keyin vaqt miqdori keladi: necha daqiqa, soat, kun, yil. U “How long?” (qancha vaqt?) savoliga javob beradi.

• I waited for twenty minutes.Yigirma daqiqa kutdim.
• She has lived here for ten years.U bu yerda o‘n yildan beri yashaydi.
• We’re going to Turkey for a week.Turkiyaga bir haftaga boryapmiz.
• He didn’t sleep for two days.U ikki kun uxlamadi.
• I haven’t seen her for ages.Uni ko‘rmaganimga ancha bo‘ldi.
• Let’s stop for a few minutes.Bir necha daqiqaga to‘xtaylik.

for har qanday zamonda ishlatiladi: o‘tgan, hozirgi, kelasi. Present Perfect bilan u “...dan beri” ma’nosini beradi: I’ve known him for five years.

Diqqat: for dan keyin voqea nomi kelmaydi: for the film (filmning davomida) — bu ma’noda xato. I slept during the film.

during — qaysi voqea paytida?

during dan keyin ot keladi: voqea, davr yoki faoliyat nomi. U “When?” (qachon?) savoliga javob beradi.

• Please don’t talk during the lesson.Dars paytida gaplashmang.
• I woke up twice during the night.Kechasi ikki marta uyg‘onib ketdim.
• We visited many museums during our trip.Sayohatimiz davomida ko‘plab muzeylarga bordik.
• During the summer, the city is very hot.Yozda shahar juda issiq bo‘ladi.
• Phones must be switched off during the exam.Imtihon paytida telefonlar o‘chirilgan bo‘lishi kerak.
• My grandfather was a soldier during the war.Bobom urush paytida askar bo‘lgan.

during: butun davr yoki bir nuqta

during ikki xil ma’no berishi mumkin:

• It rained during the whole match.O‘yin davomida (butun o‘yin) yomg‘ir yog‘di.
• The phone rang during dinner.Kechki ovqat paytida telefon jiringladi. (bir lahza)

while — gap bilan “...ayotganda”

while dan keyin to‘liq gap keladi: ega + fe’l. U ko‘pincha davomli zamon bilan ishlatiladi va “...ayotganda”, “...gan paytda” degan ma’noni beradi.

• The phone rang while I was having a shower.Dush qabul qilayotganimda telefon jiringladi.
• While we were walking, it started to rain.Sayr qilayotganimizda yomg‘ir yog‘a boshladi.
• She listens to music while she works.U ishlayotganda musiqa tinglaydi.
• Someone stole my bag while I wasn’t looking.Men qaramay turganimda kimdir sumkamni o‘g‘irlab ketdi.
• Can you hold this while I open the door?Men eshikni ochgunimcha buni ushlab tura olasizmi?

Ikki parallel harakat

while ikki harakat bir vaqtda davom etganini ham ko‘rsatadi:

• While I was cooking, my husband was watching TV.Men ovqat qilayotganimda erim televizor ko‘rayotgan edi.
• I did my homework while my sister played the piano.Singlim pianino chalayotganda men uy vazifamni qildim.

while + -ing (qisqartirilgan)

Agar ikki qismdagi ega bir xil bo‘lsa, while dan keyin ega va to be tushirib qoldirilishi mumkin:

• While I was waiting for the bus, I read a book. → While waiting for the bus, I read a book.Avtobus kutayotib kitob o‘qidim.
• Be careful while crossing the road.Yo‘ldan o‘tayotganda ehtiyot bo‘ling.

during yoki while?

Ma’no deyarli bir xil — farq faqat grammatikada: keyin ot keladimi yoki gap?

• I fell asleep during the film.Film paytida uxlab qoldim.
• I fell asleep while I was watching the film.Film ko‘rayotib uxlab qoldim.

during I was watching — xato. while the film — xato.

for yoki during?

Bu ham muhim farq:

• for — qancha davom etdi (miqdor): for two weeks.
• during — qachon bo‘ldi (voqea): during the holiday.

• I stayed in London for two weeks.Londonda ikki hafta qoldim. (qancha vaqt)
• I stayed in London during the summer.Yozda Londonda qoldim. (qachon)
• I learnt a lot during my two weeks in London.Londondagi ikki haftam davomida ko‘p narsa o‘rgandim.

Uchinchi gapga qarang: bu yerda two weeks — ot guruhining qismi (my two weeks), shuning uchun during keladi.

Uchalasini birga solishtiring

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. Qancha vaqt? (miqdor: 2 soat, 5 kun) → for.
2. Qachon? Keyin ot keladimi? → during.
3. Qachon? Keyin ega + fe’l keladimi? → while.

Misol: “Men u yerda uch yil ishladim.”

1. Qancha vaqt → miqdor → for.

Misol: “Darsda uxlab qoldim.”

1. Qachon? → “dars” — ot → during.

Misol: “Men uxlayotganimda u qo‘ng‘iroq qildi.”

1. Qachon? → “men uxlayotganimda” — gap (ega + fe’l) → while.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: for + miqdor (for two hours); during + ot (during the film); while + ega + fe’l (while I was watching).

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Ta’tildan keyin

• — How was your holiday?— Ta’tiling qanday o‘tdi?
• — Great! We were in Antalya for ten days.— Zo‘r! Antalyada o‘n kun bo‘ldik.
• — Did you go swimming?— Suzdingizmi?
• — Every day! But during the last two days it rained.— Har kuni! Lekin oxirgi ikki kun davomida yomg‘ir yog‘di.
• — Oh no. What did you do?— Voy. Nima qildingiz?
• — We stayed in the hotel. I read three books while my husband watched football.— Mehmonxonada qoldik. Erim futbol ko‘rayotganda men uchta kitob o‘qib chiqdim.

Kinoteatrdan keyin

• — Did you enjoy the film?— Film yoqdimi?
• — Not really. Somebody’s phone rang during the most important scene.— Unchalik emas. Eng muhim sahna paytida kimningdir telefoni jiringladi.
• — How annoying!— Naqadar asabga tegadi!
• — And the man next to me was eating crisps while I was trying to listen.— Yonimdagi odam esa men tinglashga harakat qilayotganimda chips yeb o‘tirdi.
• — It lasted for three hours too, didn’t it?— Film uch soat davom etdi ham, shundaymi?

Kichik matn: “Uzoq parvoz”

Last month I flew from Tashkent to New York. The flight lasted for almost fourteen hours! During the flight, the cabin crew served two meals and lots of drinks. I watched three films and slept for a few hours. While I was sleeping, the man next to me ate my dessert — I couldn’t believe it! During the last hour, there was a lot of turbulence, and many passengers felt sick. While we were landing, I looked out of the window and saw the lights of the city. It was the longest journey of my life.

Matndagi har bir for, during va while ni toping. Ulardan keyin nima kelgan: miqdor, ot yoki gap?

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. Men bir soat kutdim. → I waited for an hour.
2. Yig‘ilish paytida telefonim jiringladi. → My phone rang during the meeting.
3. Men ovqat qilayotganimda u keldi. → He arrived while I was cooking.
4. Ular bu yerda olti oydan beri yashashadi. → They’ve lived here for six months.
5. Kechasi qor yog‘di. → It snowed during the night.
6. Yo‘ldan o‘tayotganda ehtiyot bo‘ling. → Be careful while crossing the road.
7. Yozgi ta’tilda men ko‘p kitob o‘qidim. → I read a lot of books during the summer holidays.

Hammasi to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, mavzu bo‘yicha testni topshiring.

Qisqa xulosa

• for + vaqt miqdori — qancha davom etdi: for two hours, for ten years.
• during + ot — qaysi voqea paytida: during the film, during the night.
• while + ega + fe’l — ...ayotganda: while I was cooking.
• during va while ma’nosi yaqin, farq — keyin ot yoki gap kelishida.
• while + -ing (ega bir xil bo‘lsa): while waiting, while driving.
• during two hours, during I was, while the lesson — xato.