Spoken Grammar — Og‘zaki nutq grammatikasi

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Ingliz tilining og‘zaki nutqi yozma tilidan ancha farq qiladi. Ona tili sohiblari gapirganda to‘liq, mukammal gaplar emas, balki qisqa, erkin va taxminiy shakllar ishlatadilar. Bu xato emas — bu og‘zaki grammatika (spoken grammar):

— Coffee? — Yeah, thanks. — to‘liq gap emas, lekin tabiiy. It was sort of strange, you know? — biroz g‘alati edi, bilasanmi? He’s a nice guy, John. — U yaxshi yigit, Jon.

Bu darsda og‘zaki nutqning asosiy xususiyatlarini o‘rganamiz:

Noaniq til (vague language): sort of, kind of, stuff, things like that.
Ellipsis — so‘zlarni tushirib qoldirish: (Do you) Want a drink?
Heads va tails — mavzuni oldindan yoki oxirida aytish: That man, he’s my uncle.
Diskurs belgilari (discourse markers): well, so, anyway, right, I mean, you know.
like — so‘zlashuvdagi vazifalari.
Yumshatish (hedging): I think, maybe, a bit.

Bu xususiyatlarni bilish IELTS Speakingda tabiiyroq gapirishga va ona tili sohiblarini yaxshiroq tushunishga yordam beradi. Lekin yozma ishlarda ularni ishlatmaslik kerak!

O‘zbek tilida ham og‘zaki nutqda shunga o‘xshash narsalar bor: xullas, nima desam, anaqa, bilasanmi, shunaqa narsalar.

Noaniq tilsort of, kind of, or so, stuff, things like that, and so on

Ellipsis(Are you) Ready? (I) Don’t know. (It) Sounds good.

HeadThat restaurant, it’s brilliant.

TailIt’s brilliant, that restaurant.

Diskurs belgilariwell, so, anyway, right, I mean, you know, actually

Noaniq til (vague language)

Og‘zaki nutqda biz har doim aniq bo‘lishimiz shart emas. Noaniq til fikrni yumshoqroq, do‘stona va tabiiyroq qiladi:

Ibora	Ma’nosi	Misol
sort of / kind of	biroz, qandaydir	It’s sort of* blue.*
or so	taxminan	twenty minutes or so
-ish	...ga yaqin	at sixish, It’s greenish.
stuff / things	narsalar	I bought some stuff.
and things like that	va shunga o‘xshashlar	pens, paper and things like that
and so on / and stuff	va hokazo	sport, music and stuff
or something	yoki shunga o‘xshash	Let’s get a pizza or something.
a bit	biroz	I’m a bit* tired.*
loads of / tons of	juda ko‘p	loads of people

The film was kind of boring.Film biroz zerikarli edi.
I’ll be there in ten minutes or so.Taxminan o‘n daqiqada yetib boraman.
Let’s meet at sevenish.Yettilarda uchrashaylik.
We talked about work, family and stuff.Ish, oila va shunga o‘xshash narsalar haqida gaplashdik.
Do you want to watch a film or something?Film ko‘ramizmi yoki shunga o‘xshash biror narsa qilamizmi?
There were loads of people at the concert.Konsertda juda ko‘p odam bor edi.

Ellipsis — so‘zlarni tushirib qoldirish

Og‘zaki nutqda ega, yordamchi fe’l va boshqa so‘zlar ko‘pincha tushiriladi, chunki kontekstdan ma’no aniq:

To‘liq	Og‘zaki
Do you want a coffee?	Want a coffee?
Are you ready?	Ready?
I don’t know.	Dunno. / Don’t know.
It sounds good.	Sounds good.
Have you seen John?	Seen John?
I’ll see you later.	See you later.
That’s a good idea.	Good idea.
Is there anything else?	Anything else?

— Want a lift? — Yeah, thanks.— Olib qo‘yaymi? — Ha, rahmat.
— Ready? — Almost.— Tayyormisan? — Deyarli.
— Seen my keys? — Nope.— Kalitlarimni ko‘rdingmi? — Yo‘q.
— What do you think? — Sounds great!— Nima deysan? — Zo‘r eshitilyapti!
— Coming with us? — Can’t, sorry.— Biz bilan borasanmi? — Bora olmayman, kechirasan.

Diqqat: bu shakllar faqat og‘zaki nutq va norasmiy SMS uchun. Insho, xat yoki rasmiy matnda — to‘liq gaplar.

Heads va tails

Head — mavzuni oldindan aytish

Head — gap boshida mavzuni aytib, keyin uni olmosh bilan takrorlash. Bu tinglovchiga nima haqida gap ketayotganini oldindan bildiradi:

That new restaurant, it’s really expensive.Anavi yangi restoran, u juda qimmat.
My brother, he’s a doctor in London.Akam, u Londonda shifokor.
Paris, I’ve been there twice.Parij — men u yerda ikki marta bo‘lganman.
The man in the blue jacket, do you know him?Ko‘k kurtkadagi odam — uni taniysanmi?

Tail — oxirida aniqlashtirish

Tail — gapni aytib bo‘lgach, oxirida mavzuni yoki fikrni qayta aytish yoki aniqlashtirish:

It’s really expensive, that restaurant.U juda qimmat, anavi restoran.
He’s a great guy, John.U ajoyib yigit, Jon.
It was brilliant, the film.Ajoyib edi, film.
She’s very clever, your sister, isn’t she?U juda aqlli, singling, shunday emasmi?
I’m tired, I am.Charchadim, rostdan. (urg‘u)

O‘zbek tilida ham bu juda keng tarqalgan: Zo‘r odam-da, Aziz! U yerga bordim, Samarqandga.

Diskurs belgilari

Diskurs belgilari (discourse markers) — suhbatni boshqarish, bog‘lash va munosabat bildirish uchun ishlatiladigan kichik so‘zlar:

Belgi	Vazifasi	Misol
well	o‘ylash, ehtiyotkor javob	Well, I’m not sure.
so	mavzuni boshlash, xulosa	So, how was your trip?
anyway	mavzuga qaytish, yakunlash	Anyway, I should go.
right / OK	yangi bosqich	Right, let’s start.
I mean	aniqlashtirish, tuzatish	It’s cheap — I mean, not too expensive.
you know	tinglovchini jalb qilish	It was, you know, a bit strange.
actually	hayrat, tuzatish	Actually, I’m from Bukhara, not Tashkent.
basically	qisqacha	Basically, it’s a good idea.
by the way	yangi mavzu	By the way, did you call Aziz?
mind you	qo‘shimcha shart	It was cheap. Mind you, it was small.

— How was the interview? — Well, it could have been better.— Suhbat qanday o‘tdi? — Nima desam, yaxshiroq bo‘lishi mumkin edi.
So, what are you doing this weekend?Xo‘sh, bu dam olish kunlari nima qilyapsan?
Anyway, enough about me. How are you?Xullas, men haqimda yetar. O‘zing qalaysan?
I don’t like him. I mean, he’s OK, but he’s a bit rude.Men uni yoqtirmayman. Ya’ni, u yomon emas, lekin biroz qo‘pol.
Actually, I’ve changed my mind.Aslida, fikrimni o‘zgartirdim.

like — so‘zlashuvdagi vazifalari

like so‘zlashuvda (ayniqsa yoshlar orasida) bir nechta norasmiy vazifani bajaradi:

Vazifa	Misol	Ma’nosi
gap keltirish	And she was like, “No way!”	u “Bo‘lishi mumkin emas!” dedi
taxminiylik	It cost like* fifty dollars.*	taxminan ellik dollar
pauza (to‘ldiruvchi)	It was, like, really cool.	(o‘ylash uchun pauza)
misol	Get some fruit, like* apples.*	masalan, olma

And then he was like, “Where have you been?”Keyin u “Qayerda eding?” dedi.
There were like a hundred people there.U yerda taxminan yuzta odam bor edi.

Diqqat: like ni pauza sifatida ko‘p ishlatish — yomon odat deb hisoblanadi. IELTS Speaking’da undan qoching.

Yumshatish (hedging)

Og‘zaki nutqda fikrni yumshatib, muloyim aytish uchun:

I think it might be a good idea.Menimcha, bu yaxshi fikr bo‘lishi mumkin.
It’s a bit expensive, to be honest.Rostini aytsam, biroz qimmat.
Maybe we could try again tomorrow?Balki ertaga yana urinib ko‘rarmiz?
I’m not really sure.Unchalik ishonchim komil emas.
It’s not exactly what I wanted.Bu men aynan xohlagan narsa emas.
I’d say it’s about three kilometres.Menimcha, taxminan uch kilometr.

Og‘zaki va yozma nutqni solishtiring

Og‘zaki	Yozma (rasmiy)
It’s kind of difficult.	It is rather difficult.
Loads of people came.	A large number of people attended.
Dunno.	I do not know.
That film, it was great.	The film was excellent.
So, basically, it’s a good plan.	In summary, the plan is effective.
We talked about work and stuff.	We discussed work and related matters.

Bosqichma-bosqich

Og‘zaki nutqmi yoki yozmami? Yozma → bu darsdagi shakllarni ishlatmang.
Og‘zaki bo‘lsa:
- Taxminiy → sort of, or so, -ish, stuff.
- Qisqa javob → ellipsis: Sounds good.
- Mavzuni ta’kidlash → head / tail.
- Suhbatni boshqarish → well, so, anyway, I mean.
- Yumshatish → I think, a bit, not really.
Haddan oshirmang — ayniqsa like va you know bilan.

Misol: “Taxminan yigirma daqiqada kelaman.” (do‘stga)

Taxminiylik → or so.

NatijaI’ll be there in twenty minutes or so.

Misol: “Akam, u Dubayda ishlaydi.”

Head → mavzu oldindan.

NatijaMy brother, he works in Dubai.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

✗ ~~(Insho) The film was kind of boring and stuff.~~

✓ The film was rather boring.

Yozuvda noaniq til yo‘q.

✗ ~~(Insho) Dunno what the answer is.~~

✓ I do not know what the answer is.

Yozuvda to‘liq gap.

✗ ~~It was, like, like, really, like, good.~~

✓ It was really good.

like ni ko‘p ishlatmang.

✗ ~~I’ll come at seven o’clock-ish.~~

✓ I’ll come at seven-ish / sevenish.

-ish raqamga qo‘shiladi.

✗ ~~Sort of the film was boring.~~

✓ The film was sort of boring.

sort of — sifatdan oldin.

✗ ~~Anyway, so, well, I mean, basically…~~

✓ Anyway, ...

Bitta belgi yetarli.

✗ ~~(Rasmiy xat) So, basically, I want a refund.~~

✓ I would like to request a refund.

Rasmiy uslub.

✗ ~~Twenty or so minutes.~~

✓ Twenty minutes or so.

or so — oxirida.

Eslab qoling: og‘zaki nutqda sort of, or so, stuff, ellipsis (Sounds good), head / tail (He’s nice, John), well / so / anyway / I mean — tabiiy. Yozma va rasmiy matnda — ishlatmang.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Do‘stlar orasida

— Hey! So, how was the party?— Salom! Xo‘sh, ziyofat qanday o‘tdi?
— Well, it was kind of weird, actually.— Nima desam, aslida biroz g‘alati edi.
— Weird? Why?— G‘alatimi? Nega?
— Loads of people I didn’t know, really loud music and stuff.— Men tanimaydigan juda ko‘p odam, juda baland musiqa va shunga o‘xshash narsalar.
— Was Aziz there?— Aziz bormidi?
— Yeah. He’s a funny guy, Aziz. Anyway, I left at eleven or so.— Ha. Qiziq yigit-da, Aziz. Xullas, taxminan o‘n birda ketdim.
— Fancy a coffee tomorrow?— Ertaga qahva ichamizmi?
— Sounds good!— Zo‘r!

IELTS Speaking — tabiiy javob

— Do you like living in your city?— Shahringizda yashash sizga yoqadimi?
— Well, yes, I do, actually. It’s quite a big city, so there’s always something to do.— Ha, aslida yoqadi. U ancha katta shahar, shuning uchun doim qiladigan ish bor.
I mean, the traffic is a bit of a problem, but on the whole I like it.Ya’ni, tirbandlik biroz muammo, lekin umuman olganda yoqadi.

Kichik matn: “Ta’til haqida suhbat” (og‘zaki)

“So, I went to Turkey last month, right? And the hotel, it was amazing — like, really fancy. We spent a week or so there. Basically, we just lay on the beach, swam, ate loads and stuff. I mean, it was a bit expensive, to be honest, but worth it. Oh, by the way, the food — brilliant, it was. Anyway, what about you? Going anywhere this summer?”

Matndagi og‘zaki nutq xususiyatlarini toping: noaniq til, ellipsis, head / tail, diskurs belgilari. Keyin shu matnni rasmiy xat uslubida qayta yozib ko‘ring.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

Film biroz zerikarli edi. (og‘zaki) → The film was kind of boring.
Taxminan o‘n daqiqada kelaman. → I’ll be there in ten minutes or so.
— Qahva ichasanmi? (qisqa) → — Coffee? / Want a coffee?
— Zo‘r eshitilyapti! (qisqa) → — Sounds great!
Akam, u shifokor. (head) → My brother, he’s a doctor.
U ajoyib yigit, Jon. (tail) → He’s a great guy, John.
Xullas, men ketishim kerak. → Anyway, I have to go.
Ya’ni, u yomon emas, lekin... → I mean, he’s not bad, but...

Hammasi to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, mavzu bo‘yicha testni topshiring.

Qisqa xulosa

Og‘zaki grammatika — xato emas, ona tili sohiblarining tabiiy nutqi.
Noaniq til: sort of, kind of, or so, -ish, stuff, and things like that, or something, loads of.
Ellipsis: Want a coffee? Sounds good. Dunno. Ready?
Head: That restaurant, it’s great.; Tail: It’s great, that restaurant.
Diskurs belgilari: well, so, anyway, right, I mean, you know, actually, basically, by the way.
like — gap keltirish va taxminiylik; ko‘p ishlatmang.
Yozma va rasmiy matnda bu shakllarni ishlatmang.