Uncountable Nouns

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Sanaladigan va sanalmaydigan otlar haqida oldin o‘rgangansiz: an apple, two apples (sanaladi), water, milk (sanalmaydi). Bu darsda esa eng xavfli sanalmaydigan otlarni ko‘rib chiqamiz. Ular xavfli, chunki o‘zbek tilida sanaladi, lekin ingliz tilida sanalmaydi:

• advice — maslahat (bir maslahat, ikkita maslahat — o‘zbekchada sanaladi)
• news — yangilik
• information — ma’lumot
• furniture — mebel
• homework — uy vazifasi
• luggage / baggage — yuk, bagaj

Shuning uchun ko‘pchilik an advice, informations, two furnitures deydi — bular xato. Ingliz tilida bu otlar a / an olmaydi, -s bilan ko‘plik yasamaydi va fe’l birlikda keladi.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. O‘zbekchada sanaladigan, inglizchada sanalmaydigan otlar.
2. news — oxiri -s, lekin birlik.
3. a piece of, an item of — bitta qism.
4. Miqdor so‘zlari: much, little, a lot of, some.
5. Ikki xil ma’noli otlar (qisqacha).
6. Eng ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar.

Eng xavfli sanalmaydigan otlar

• Can I give you some advice?Sizga bir maslahat bersam bo‘ladimi?
• I need more information about the course.Kurs haqida ko‘proq ma’lumot kerak.
• We bought some new furniture for the living room.Mehmonxonaga yangi mebel sotib oldik.
• I have a lot of homework today.Bugun uy vazifam ko‘p.
• How much luggage do you have?Qancha yukingiz bor?
• She has long, dark hair.Uning uzun, qora sochi bor.
• There was heavy traffic this morning.Bugun ertalab yo‘llarda tirbandlik bor edi.
• You’ve made great progress!Siz katta yutuqqa erishdingiz!

news — oxiri -s, lekin birlik

news so‘zining oxirida -s bor, lekin u ko‘plik emas. U sanalmaydigan ot va fe’l birlikda keladi.

• The news is very good.Yangilik juda yaxshi.
• Is there any news about the exam results?Imtihon natijalari haqida biror yangilik bormi?
• I’ve got some good news for you!Siz uchun yaxshi xabarim bor!
• That’s great news!Bu ajoyib yangilik!

Bitta yangilik haqida gapirmoqchi bo‘lsangiz: a piece of news yoki oddiyroq: I have some news.

Xuddi shunday, oxiri -s bo‘lsa ham birlik bo‘ladigan so‘zlar: mathematics / maths, physics, economics (fanlar), athletics: Maths is my favourite subject.

a piece of — bitta qism

Sanalmaydigan otni “bitta” deb aytish kerak bo‘lsa, a piece of ishlatiladi. Bu o‘zbekchadagi “bitta”, “bir dona” ma’nosiga mos keladi.

• Let me give you a piece of advice: never give up.Sizga bitta maslahat beray: hech qachon taslim bo‘lmang.
• A table is a piece of furniture.Stol — mebel buyumi.
• You can take two pieces of luggage on the plane.Samolyotga ikkita yuk olib chiqishingiz mumkin.
• That’s a useful piece of information.Bu foydali ma’lumot.

Boshqa birliklar

Ba’zi otlar uchun boshqa “o‘lchov” so‘zlari ishlatiladi:

• a slice of bread / a loaf of breadbir tilim non / bitta non (buxanka)
• a bottle of water / a glass of milkbir shisha suv / bir stakan sut
• an item of clothingbitta kiyim buyumi
• a bar of chocolate / soapbir plitka shokolad / bitta sovun
• a sheet of paperbir varaq qog‘oz
• a game of chessbir partiya shaxmat
• a flash of lightning / a clap of thunderchaqmoq chaqnashi / momaqaldiroq gumburlashi

Masalan, o‘zbekcha “bitta non” — a loaf of bread (a bread — xato).

Miqdor so‘zlari

Sanalmaydigan otlar bilan faqat ma’lum miqdor so‘zlari ishlatiladi:

• I don’t have much information.Menda ko‘p ma’lumot yo‘q.
• She gave me a lot of useful advice.U menga ko‘p foydali maslahat berdi.
• We have a little time left.Biroz vaqtimiz qoldi.
• How much homework do you get every day?Har kuni qancha uy vazifasi olasiz?
• There isn’t any news yet.Hali hech qanday yangilik yo‘q.

Diqqat: many advice, many informations — xato. Sanalmaydigan ot bilan much yoki a lot of.

Sinonim sanaladigan otlar

Agar sanaladigan shakl kerak bo‘lsa, ko‘pincha sinonim ishlatish mumkin:

• advice → a tip / a suggestionmaslahat → maslahat (sanaladi)
• furniture → a chair, a table, a sofamebel → aniq buyumlar
• luggage → a bag, a suitcaseyuk → sumka, chamadon
• work → a jobish → ish joyi (sanaladi)
• homework → an exercise, a taskuy vazifasi → mashq, topshiriq

• He gave me three tips for the exam.U menga imtihon uchun uchta maslahat berdi.
• I’ve got a new job.Yangi ishga kirdim. (a new work — xato)

Ikki xil ma’noli otlar (qisqacha)

Ba’zi otlar bir ma’noda sanaladi, boshqa ma’noda sanalmaydi:

• I need some paper to write on.Yozish uchun qog‘oz kerak. (material — sanalmaydi)
• I bought a paper this morning.Bugun ertalab gazeta sotib oldim. (gazeta — sanaladi)
• There’s a hair in my soup!Sho‘rvamda bitta soch tolasi bor! (bitta tola — sanaladi)
• She has beautiful hair.Uning sochi chiroyli. (umuman soch — sanalmaydi)
• I don’t have time.Vaqtim yo‘q. (sanalmaydi)
• I’ve been there three times.U yerda uch marta bo‘lganman. (marta — sanaladi)

Batafsil — B2 darajasidagi “Ma’nosiga qarab sanaladigan otlar” darsida.

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. Ot ro‘yxatdagi xavfli so‘zlardanmi? (advice, information, news, furniture, homework, luggage...)
2. Ha → a / an yo‘q, -s yo‘q, fe’l birlikda.
3. “Bitta” kerakmi? → a piece of + ot.
4. Miqdor kerakmi? → much / a little / a lot of / some.

Misol: “U menga yaxshi maslahat berdi.”

1. advice — sanalmaydi → a good advice emas.

Misol: “Yangiliklar yomon.”

1. news — sanalmaydi, birlik → is.

Misol: “Bizga ko‘p ma’lumot kerak emas.”

1. information — sanalmaydi → much.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: advice, information, news, furniture, homework, luggage, equipment, progress, weather, bread — a / an siz, -s siz, fe’l birlikda. Bitta — a piece of.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Aeroportda

• — How much luggage do you have?— Qancha yukingiz bor?
• — Just two pieces — a suitcase and a small bag.— Faqat ikkita — chamadon va kichik sumka.
• — Do you have any electronic equipment in your bag?— Sumkangizda elektron jihozlar bormi?
• — Yes, a laptop.— Ha, noutbuk.
• — Could you give me some information about the flight? Is there any news?— Parvoz haqida biroz ma’lumot bera olasizmi? Biror yangilik bormi?
• — I’m afraid the news isn’t good — the flight is delayed.— Afsuski, yangilik yaxshi emas — parvoz kechikyapti.

O‘qituvchi bilan

• — Teacher, can I ask you for some advice?— Ustoz, sizdan bir maslahat so‘rasam bo‘ladimi?
• — Of course.— Albatta.
• — I have so much homework, and I’m making very little progress.— Uy vazifam juda ko‘p, lekin juda kam rivojlanyapman.
• — Here’s a piece of advice: do a little every day. Your knowledge will grow.— Bitta maslahat: har kuni ozgina qiling. Bilimingiz o‘sib boradi.

Kichik matn: “Yangi kvartira”

Last month we moved into a new flat. It was completely empty, so we had to buy a lot of furniture. My friend gave me some good advice: “Don’t buy everything at once.” So first we bought only the most important pieces of furniture — a bed, a table and four chairs. I searched the internet for information about cheap shops, but the news wasn’t great — prices have gone up. Moving was hard work, and we had so much luggage! But we’ve made good progress, and now the flat looks lovely. The only problem is the traffic outside — it’s very heavy in the mornings.

Matndagi barcha sanalmaydigan otlarni toping. Ulardan oldin qanday miqdor so‘zlari ishlatilgan?

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. Sizga bir maslahat beray. → Let me give you a piece of advice.
2. Yangilik juda yaxshi! → The news is very good!
3. Bizga ko‘proq ma’lumot kerak. → We need more information.
4. Bugun uy vazifam ko‘p. → I have a lot of homework today.
5. Qancha yukingiz bor? → How much luggage do you have?
6. Ular yangi mebel sotib olishdi. → They bought some new furniture.
7. Bitta non bering. → A loaf of bread, please.

Hammasi to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, mavzu bo‘yicha testni topshiring.

Qisqa xulosa

• O‘zbekchada sanaladigan, lekin inglizchada sanalmaydigan otlar: advice, information, news, furniture, homework, luggage, equipment, progress, knowledge, weather, traffic, bread, money, hair.
• Ular a / an olmaydi, -s bilan ko‘plik yasamaydi, fe’l birlikda: The news is good.
• Bitta: a piece of advice / information / furniture / luggage.
• Miqdor: much, a little, little, a lot of, some, any; savol — How much...?
• Sanaladigan sinonimlar: a tip, a job, a bag, a chair.
• Ba’zi otlar ma’nosiga qarab sanaladi: a paper (gazeta), a hair (bitta tola).