Passive with Modals

Oddiy qilib aytganda

Majhul nisbat (passive) — ishni kim qilgani emas, ishning o‘zi muhim bo‘lganda: The house was built in 1900. Endi uni modal fe’llar bilan birlashtiramiz: must, can, should, will, might.

Formula juda oddiy: modal + be + V3. be doim asosiy shaklda qoladi.

• This medicine must be kept in the fridge.Bu dori muzlatgichda saqlanishi shart.
• The tickets can be bought online.Chiptalarni onlayn sotib olish mumkin.
• Homework should be handed in on time.Uy vazifasi o‘z vaqtida topshirilishi kerak.
• The road will be repaired next month.Yo‘l kelasi oy ta’mirlanadi.

Bu darsda siz quyidagilarni o‘rganasiz:

1. modal + be + V3 tuzilishi.
2. must / have to — majburiyat.
3. can / could — imkoniyat.
4. should / ought to — tavsiya.
5. will / might / may — kelajak va ehtimol.
6. Inkor va savol shakllari.

Faol va majhul

Kim qilishi muhim bo‘lsa — by: The letter will be sent by our manager.

Majburiyat va taqiq

• Seat belts must be worn.Xavfsizlik kamarlari taqilishi shart.
• This form has to be signed.Bu shakl imzolanishi kerak.
• Food mustn’t be taken into the library.Kutubxonaga ovqat olib kirish taqiqlanadi.

have to ham modal kabi: have to be + V3.

Imkoniyat

• The museum can be visited every day.Muzeyga har kuni tashrif buyurish mumkin.
• This problem can’t be solved easily.Bu muammoni oson hal qilib bo‘lmaydi.
• The castle could be seen from far away.Qal’a uzoqdan ko‘rinardi.

Tavsiya

• Vegetables should be washed before eating.Sabzavotlar yeyishdan oldin yuvilishi kerak.
• This problem should be discussed.Bu muammo muhokama qilinishi kerak.
• Children shouldn’t be left alone.Bolalarni yolg‘iz qoldirmaslik kerak.

Kelajak va ehtimol

• The new bridge will be opened in May.Yangi ko‘prik mayda ochiladi.
• The meeting might be cancelled.Majlis bekor qilinishi mumkin.
• The match may be postponed because of rain.O‘yin yomg‘ir tufayli qoldirilishi mumkin.

Inkor va savol

• Can this phone be repaired?Bu telefonni tuzatsa bo‘ladimi?
• Will we be paid this week?Bu hafta bizga pul to‘lanadimi?
• Should the windows be closed?Derazalar yopilishi kerakmi?

Belgilar va e’lonlarda

Majhul modal shakllar rasmiy belgilar, e’lonlar va qoidalarda juda ko‘p uchraydi:

• Tickets must be shown on request.Talab qilinganda chipta ko‘rsatilishi shart.
• This medicine should be kept in a cool place.Bu dori salqin joyda saqlanishi kerak.
• Mobile phones must not be used during the exam.Imtihon paytida mobil telefonlardan foydalanish mumkin emas.
• Bags can be left at reception.Sumkalarni qabulxonada qoldirish mumkin.
• The form should be completed in black ink.Shakl qora siyohda to‘ldirilishi kerak.

have to va need to bilan

have to va need to ham majhul shaklda ishlatiladi:

• The report has to be sent by Friday.Hisobot jumagacha yuborilishi kerak.
• These documents need to be signed.Bu hujjatlarga imzo qo‘yilishi kerak.
• The rules have to be followed.Qoidalarga rioya qilinishi kerak.

need + -ing — xuddi shu ma’no, so‘zlashuvda: The car needs washing. = The car needs to be washed.

O‘tmishda: modal + have been + V3

O‘tmishdagi majhul imkoniyat yoki taxmin uchun:

• The letter might have been lost.Xat yo‘qolgan bo‘lishi mumkin.
• The window must have been broken last night.Deraza kecha kechasi sindirilgan bo‘lsa kerak.
• This should have been done yesterday.Buni kecha qilish kerak edi.
• The accident could have been avoided.Avariyaning oldini olish mumkin edi.

Batafsil — B2 darajasidagi “Murakkab majhul nisbat” darsida.

Faol va majhulni tanlash

Majhul shakl kim qilishi muhim bo‘lmaganda yoki noma’lum bo‘lganda ishlatiladi:

Bosqichma-bosqich

1. Modal fe’lni tanlang (ma’noga qarab): shart → must; mumkin → can; kerak → should; kelajak → will.
2. be qo‘shing (asosiy shaklda, is/are emas).
3. Asosiy fe’lni V3 ga aylantiring: do → done, send → sent.

Misol: “Bu xat bugun yuborilishi kerak.”

1. kerak → should. send → sent.

Misol: “Bu mashinani tuzatib bo‘lmaydi.”

1. mumkin emas → can’t. repair → repaired.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

Eslab qoling: modal + be + V3 — must be done, can be seen, should be washed, will be sent. be — doim asosiy shaklda.

Hayotiy vaziyatlarda

Mehmonxona qoidalari

Welcome to the Silk Road Hotel! Breakfast can be ordered to your room. Keys must be returned to reception before 12 noon. Valuables should be kept in the safe. Smoking is not allowed in the rooms, and pets cannot be brought into the hotel. Towels will be changed every day. If you have a problem, it will be solved as soon as possible.

Ofisda yangi qoidalar

• — Have you seen the new rules?— Yangi qoidalarni ko‘rdingmi?
• — Yes. All reports must be sent to the manager by Friday.— Ha. Barcha hisobotlar jumagacha menejerga yuborilishi shart.
• — And holidays have to be booked a month in advance.— Ta’tillar bir oy oldin band qilinishi kerak.
• — What about lunch?— Tushlik-chi?
• — Food can’t be eaten at your desk any more.— Endi ish stolida ovqatlanish mumkin emas.
• — That should have been explained at the meeting!— Buni yig‘ilishda tushuntirish kerak edi!

Kichik matn: “Kutubxona qoidalari”

Welcome to the city library! Please note the following rules. Books can be borrowed for up to three weeks. They must be returned on time, or a fine will be charged. Food and drinks must not be brought into the reading room. Mobile phones should be switched off. Bags can be left in the lockers near the entrance. If a book is damaged, it will have to be replaced. Lost library cards can be replaced at the front desk.

Matndagi barcha majhul modal shakllarni toping va ularni faol shaklga o‘tkazib ko‘ring.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. The homework must ___ ___ (finish) by Monday. → be finished
2. This dish can ___ ___ (eat) hot or cold. → be eaten
3. The windows should ___ ___ (clean) every week. → be cleaned
4. The winner will ___ ___ (announce) tonight. → be announced
5. Tuzating: The car must repaired. → The car must be repaired.
6. Savol tuzing: (can / this problem / solve)? → Can this problem be solved?
7. Ish bugun tugatilishi kerak. → The work has to be finished today.
8. Mashinani yuvish kerak. → The car needs to be washed.
9. Xat yo‘qolgan bo‘lishi mumkin. → The letter might have been lost.
10. Avariyaning oldini olish mumkin edi. → The accident could have been avoided.

Qisqa xulosa

• Majhul + modal: modal + be + V3.
• must / have to be done — shart; mustn’t be done — taqiq.
• can / could be done — mumkin.
• should be done — kerak, tavsiya.
• will / might / may be done — kelajak, ehtimol.
• Savol: Can it be done? Inkor: It can’t be done.
• Bajaruvchi kerak bo‘lsa — by.